凤凰古城导游讲解词(热门20篇)

我来自安徽省黄山市歙县，那儿是个特别有古文化的一个县，因为那儿有座古城，叫“徽州古城”，在那儿我感受到了古人的文化和智慧，还有我们歙县人的保护古文物的坚持力。

然而，在那儿的民风习俗，更是让人感到亲切，整个中国，每个省、市、镇，甚至是村，虽然都是过年，但每个都有每个的过法，在这儿我就来说说我们安徽是怎样过年的吧!

由于我去老家时，已经是快三十夜了，过了大年十一就回千岛湖了，我懂得大概也就是这段时间我们要干什么，所以只能讲这段时间啦……

这个腊八那天，是了解到的。在腊八那天，许多人都出嫁了，俗话说：“腊七腊八日子好，多少大姑改大嫂。”所以小孩子们追着婚车跑，为的就是得到一包喜糖。

在小年夜那天，家家摆着几张桌子，迎接四面八方来的客人，大家下午娱乐，直到三四点就开始吃晚饭了，当晚，是由小孩来放烟花的。

假如在那儿的乡村里迷了路，需要帮助时，我们可不能这样称呼人家：“喂”、“哎”，必须先喊：“同志”、“朋友”、“老人家”，看见人家抱着孩子，要夸孩子：“胖”、“壮”，可不能说：“肥”、“重”。这是我们那儿的讳忌。

大年初一，是我们那个村里最热闹的一天了，因为家家都起得很早，为的是去看表演，在村里的小广场里，那里聚满了人，愿意演出节目可以自愿上去演，不管差不差，好不好，都是有奖品的。

我懂得就是这些了，希望大家能去安徽玩玩!

黄丝桥古城是国内至今保存最好的一座城堡，黄丝桥古城不大，东西长150米，南北长230米。黄丝桥古城始建于唐垂拱三年(公元687年)，古为屯兵之所，黄丝桥古城是历代统治者防止西部苗民生衅的前哨阵地。

昔日伏波将军马援及威震西藏的福康安均命丧于此，而苗民们也被迫深入大山人口剧减。黄丝桥古城系青石结构建筑，城墙高5.6米，厚2.9米，宽2.4米，占地面积2900平方米，筑黄丝桥古城所用石料皆石灰岩的青光石，小的也有1000余斤。砌筑时以糯米稀饭拌合石灰为砌浆灌缝，使数百米城墙，浑然一体，坚固牢实。黄丝桥古城开有三个城门，分别为“和育门”、“实城门”、“日光门”，均建有十余米高的清式建筑格局的高大城楼，三个城楼的屋顶均为歇山式，下层覆盖以腰檐，上布小青瓦，飞檐翘角，分外壮观。

黄丝桥古城墙上部为锯凿形状，箭垜300个，还有两座外突的炮台。 登上古城头，极目四野，见良田千顷，绿水迂回;斜阳夕照里，炊烟缕缕，一派田园诗韵。若不是黄丝桥古城墙上古旧的箭垜和炮台。谁还会想到，这里曾是西通云贵要塞，刀戟搏击之地呢?

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水回澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

许国石坊耸立于县城闹市中心，为全国重点文物保护单位，建于明万历十二年(公元1584年)，是朝廷为旌表李保兼太子太保礼部尚书、武英殿大学士许国而立。许国明代嘉靖乙丑(公元1565年)进士，为嘉靖、隆庆、万历三朝的重臣，博行皇上“加恩眷酬”。牌坊四面八柱，呈口字形，石柱、梁坊、栏板、斗拱、雀替均是重四、五吨的大块石料，且全部为质地坚硬的青色茶园石，雕饰镂刻精美细腻，图案错落有致，疏朗多姿。成双结队的彩凤珍禽，翱翔雕梁之间，一个个飞龙走兽，扬威于画壁之中，十二只倚柱石狮，神态各异，体现出徽派石雕独特的表现手法。

现存的南樵楼基本保持宋代的建筑风格，特别是其中的“排栅柱”，乃正宗宋代“营造法”，今已很难见到。东樵楼又名阳和门，原名钟楼，建于明弘治年间，为重檐式的双层楼阁。这两座樵楼咫尺相望。

“ 为了您，这座古城已经等了千年!”为了千年等一回，我们将要去凤凰，寻找那活了千年的生命，和死去千年的标本。凤凰地处湘西这个边陲小镇。始建于明朝嘉靖年间。自古以来就是一个兵城，也是一个商城。走进凤凰，每一扇窗户上都有一扇顾盼流芳的眼睛，每一块石板上都有情侣的倩影。每一条小河边都有苗家姑娘洗衣棒锤在石板上带着节奏的混响，还有那婉转悠扬的歌声。

说到凤凰，我不能不说苗族。苗族可以说是中国迁徙最频繁的民族，无数次的迁徙留下了一部悲壮而又苦难的历史。虽然是第一个发明水稻种植技术的民族，但是聪明的苗族人也没能改变战败迁徙的命运。他们用生命和鲜血谱写了历史，用智慧和坚韧传承了文明。逐鹿之战估计大家都听说过，这就是讲的皇帝无数次被苗族打败以后联络了炎帝反败为胜，打败苗族，逼着我们的领袖蚩尤带着我们迁徙到这大山深处，万山丛中。为了生存，我们采集野果野草，像蒿草粑粑，到现在还是我们餐桌上的食物。为了顺应自然，在这潮湿的大山深处繁衍生息。我们吃生姜驱寒，所以姜糖成了我们的喜糖。为了战胜自然，我们彰显力量，在每一年的锥牛节上，男人杀死最厉害的公牛。女人们敲下牛角做成梳子别在自己的头上。向世人炫耀男人的战利品。为了填饱肚子，我们尝遍野果，把银子做成了餐具。来甄别哪些东西有毒。

大家知道我们苗族人的身份证最早是用什么材质做的吗?你们看过血色湘西吗?我告诉你们：不是纸做的，更不是塑料做的。而是银子做的。自古以来，苗族人就是最骁勇善战的民族，虽然跟朝廷的战争无休无止。但是每一次面对国家尊严和民族大义的时候，苗族人都冲锋陷阵、血染疆场。远的不说，湘军中最能打硬仗的就是竿子军，竿子就是指湘西的土家族和苗族人。所以凤凰以前称为镇竿镇。再就是日本人占领长沙、常德的时候，又是湘西的竿子军用土土炮和血肉之躯筑起了一道钢铁长城，保卫了家园，捍卫了湘西这块弹丸之地。每一次战争的胜利都是鲜血染红的战场。湘西人对于故土，有着一般人无法理解的眷恋。就如沈从文的碑文：一个战士要不战死沙场，要不回到故乡。客死他乡的英雄们无法尸体还乡，无法魂归故里。有的甚至都认不出模样。他们甚至是带不回只言片语的遗言。活着回来的人无法面对老人期盼的眼睛，无法面对妻子望眼欲穿的守望，更无法给孩子们一个合理的解释。他们只能摘下那只象征着他们身份的耳环。一包包的耳环就是一个个鲜活的生命啊。亲人们接过自己家的耳环，供奉在祖宗的牌位上。告诉他们的后人，他们的祖宗不是孬种。

大家知道我们为什么要戴吉祥鼓吗?难道仅仅就是吉祥如意吗?不，任何东西的存在一定有它的原因。最早苗族人为了生存，为了驱逐野兽发明了鼓。好不容易在这蛮夷之地生存下来。战争却不期而至。让我们一次又一次的迁徙。从黄河流域到洞庭湖之滨，再到这边陲之地。无数次的颠沛流离，无数次的人走家随。鼓声成了战争的号角，当鼓声响起的时候，即使有再多的不舍。我们也不能停止迁徙的脚步。鼓声也意味着一个人都不能拉下。于是苗族人习惯了把所有的东西都铸成银器戴在自己的身上，随时准备迁徙。

大家知道我们的阿哥为什么要给阿妹送鱼纹的镯子吗?这不仅仅是检验女人的身体是否健康，是否能顺利传宗接代，更是一份家族的重托，一个民族的承诺。他是要告诉自己心爱的女人。总有一天，我会带着你，带着我们的孩子打回黄河流域，回到那有鱼有米的地方去的。

直到今天，当我们再一次面对商场昂贵的饮水机、洗衣机而百思不得其解的时候。销售员只是告诉我们，那是因为它们都是带银离子杀毒的。直到这个时候，我们才知道老祖宗的智慧。今天科技的进步让我可以精准的测量出银子的成分和功能，知道它可以杀死650多种细菌。上个世纪九十年代，随着改革的春风，那些老祖宗用了一辈子的餐具被我们搁置一旁。那些巧夺天工的加工技术被机器的复制替代。曾经被苗族人追捧的拉丝首饰也一度无人问津。知道什么是拉丝技术吗?拉丝顾名思义就是把银子拉成丝，拉得很细很细，甚至是细过了头发丝。这么说吧，一克银子能拉到一米左右。然后做成精美的首饰。知道为什么有拉丝吗?苗族人用银子彰显个性，妆点美丽。而贫穷的苗族人如何用有限的银子做出更大更张扬的饰品，廉价的劳动力和智慧的工匠创造了拉丝技术，满足了苗族人对银饰的喜好。今天，我们再一次欣赏到拉丝，看到拉丝工艺这真是我们的幸运，也是苗族人的荣幸。为什么这么说呢?文化的传承不仅仅是民族的追捧，更要政府的支持，还要与市场接轨，跟利益挂钩。否则就成了市场经济的炮灰。就如山西的那些百年木屋，甚至是很多具有厚重历史文明的地标古建筑都由于政府维修基金的不到位而一座座破坏、拆除、坍塌。苗族的银器锻造技术也曾经被机器替代。20__年，凤凰对外开放以后。很多人看到了商机，政府也大力支持，招商引资。挖掘出苗族的文化瑰宝：比如银器锻造技术、蜡染技术、苗绣等等。其中银子的锻造技术列入了世界非物质文化遗产名录。从此，凤凰的经济得到了飞速的发展。那些具有精湛技术的工匠们再一次重出江湖。有的甚至授上了世界非物质文化遗产传承人的名号。无数的银器店如雨后春笋般冒出来。良莠不齐、鱼龙混杂。

在外人看来，湘西贫穷、落后、出土匪。湘西人野蛮、粗鲁。那是因为您不了解湘西，不了湘西人。湘西的女人热情奔放、敢爱敢恨。湘西的男人豪放粗狂、淳朴善良。在这里孕育了著名的乡土文学之父沈从文、鬼才画家黄永玉、内阁总理熊希龄。沈从文的《边城》、《长河》可谓是家喻户晓。尤其是边城：一条清冽的小河，一个美丽的姑娘，几首动人的山歌，两个痴心的小伙，一只老黄狗，一个老爷爷。勾画了一副几乎完美的图画。读着他的书，字里行间几乎都能闻到泥土的芬芳。沈从文和张兆和的爱情故事也成为一段佳话广为流传。为了得到张兆和的欢心，沈从文写了上百封情书。只是当时的张兆和十分不领情的把情书扔到了胡适校长的桌上。胡适校长微笑着说：我看沈老师是顽固的爱着你哟。张兆和说：可是我顽固的不爱他啊。沈从文并不气馁。并且更加积极热烈的追求。终于抱得美人归。凤凰人就是这样：纯粹，执着，坚持到底。

在凤凰旅游业迅速发展的过程中。有一个苗族小伙子“阿牛”也跟沈老一样执着。他最早把苗族人家家户户都爱吃的一道菜：血粑鸭用真空包装，让游客带到了世界各地。并且带动了当地的老百姓脱贫致富。阿牛在质量上严格把关。绝对不做市面上的速成鸭子。他的原材料通通来源于本地的小麻鸭，一年才能长到两三斤。而且严格标明鸭肉和血粑的比例。凭着他的诚信和坚持赚得了人生的第一桶金。随着凤凰旅游业的发展，各地商人纷至沓来。在凤凰的大街小巷开满了银器店。工业用银和现代化的机器加工充斥着整个本地市场。打着世界非物质文化遗产的牌子到处倾销，偷换概念。作为一个地地道道的苗族人。阿牛心里十分不爽。于是他变卖祖业，筹集资金，深入苗寨，找到当年千锤百炼打造银器的能工巧匠。在凤凰古城门面最贵的地方开了凤凰最大的一家银器店，这是凤凰第一家手工银器店，所以起名《凤凰一号》。开店初期，无数人说他傻，说他笨，人家都用工业银，机器加工。你一个人做手工，做足银，成本高出几倍，如何能赚钱，怎么卖得出去。阿牛对其充耳不闻，他就觉得，他是苗族人，他有义务和责任传承苗族的文化，并且发扬光大，人家越是看不懂，他倒越是觉得商机无限。凭着他的独到的眼光和不懈的坚持，《凤凰一号》又一次取得了巨大的成功。拥有了一定经济基础的阿牛又有了新的想法。于是他潜心打造凤凰的金字招牌，用心做每一个产品。最后在离凤凰古城五公里的地方购地二十亩。打造了整个湘西最大的聚产、购、餐一体的镇竿阿牛有限公司。让游客在镇竿阿牛可以吃到绝对纯天然无污染的绿色食品。还能买到凤凰所有的特产。他的宗旨就是环保、绿色、天然、健康。

阿牛做事及其认真执着。比如一个大街小巷都有的蒿草粑，阿牛竟然请了我们湘西吉首大学和湖南大学的几个生物系教授研究它的配方。做出来的粑粑真的是秒杀了湘西所有的蒿草粑粑。那种如QQ糖一样的弹劲，还有完全看不到蒿草纤维的糯性。我们只能看到绿油油的粑粑。咬一口真的具有连舌头都吞进去的冲动。

这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿_过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通便利。凤凰风景秀丽，历史悠久，名胜古迹甚多。城内，古代城楼、明清古院风采依然，古老朴实的沱江静静地流淌，城外有南华山国家森林公园，城下艺术宫殿奇梁洞，建于唐代的黄丝桥古城，举世瞩目的南方长城……这里不仅风景优美，且地杰人灵，名贤辈出。

美丽的小城凤凰山城，位于沱江之畔，群山环抱，关隘雄奇。碧绿的江水从古老的城墙下蜿蜒而过，叠翠的南华山麓倒映江心。江中渔船数点，山间暮鼓晨钟兼鸣，悬崖上的吊脚楼轻烟袅袅，码头边的浣纱姑笑声郎郎，……啊!凤凰犹如"一副浓墨浅彩的中国山水画".当你徜徉古城用条石砌成的岩板街时，两边的古建筑各抱地势，鳞次栉比，亭台楼阁重重叠叠，如巨龙飞舞，似鳌鱼展翅。细雨声中，仿佛传来进香人的牛皮钉鞋敲击街面，发出"叮叮"的响声，使人产生隔世之感。

沈从文故居位于南中营街，是一座典型的南方四合古院。古院正中有小天井，用红石方石板铺成。天井四周为砖木结构的古屋，正屋三间，厢房四间，共十余间。房屋矮小，虽无雕龙画凤，但显得小巧别致，古色古香。特别是雕花的木窗带有湘西特色，格外引人注目。

1902年12月28日，沈从文就诞生在这里。他的童年就是在这里度过的。故居历时一百多年，是沈从文祖父沈宏富手上置办的。由于历史演变，几经易主，为了表示对沈从文老人的崇敬之情，学习他勤学自励，艰苦笔耕，对国家文学事业的卓越贡献的自学精神，激励后人。1988年县人民政府决定购回此屋，重新整修。并带图样赴京送沈从文审定。沈从文带病接见，对图样提出意见，并说："房子烂了，修一下也好，但要将就修上，不要花很多钱，家乡还很穷，要尽量节约".

经过整修，使这百年古院再现原貌。现门上挂有"沈从文旧居"匾额。右边一室，是沈从文生平的照片，二室是沈从文书稿手迹，左边厢房陈列各种版本的从文著作。正屋中堂挂着沈从文的素描画像。左边房是卧室，是沈从文出生的地方。右边房陈列着大理石桌面的书桌等物。

熊希龄故居位于凤凰古城北文星街内的一个小巷里，故居往东200米便是秀丽的沱江。故居为四合院系南方古式的木瓦结构，比较矮小但很精致，故居现存房屋4间基本是保持原貌，很富于苗族情调，为县重点文物保护单位。民国6年(1917)夏秋之际京津一带水灾严重，他负责督办水灾河工善后事宜，并主持募捐，救济灾民。民国七年(1918)，得政府同意，将香山静宜园改建为慈幼院，收养教育受灾流浪儿童。他自己掌管一切院务，时20_年之久。他有一首诗写道：

万树桃花手自栽，病中犹为看花来。

儿童月与花俱长，各自拈花笑一回。

杨家祠堂始建于道光20x年(1836年)，木结构四合院，上下两层，占地770平方米，由大门、戏台、过厅、廊房、正厅组成，呈长方形。戏台为单檐歇山顶，檐下饰如意斗拱，高16米，四根台柱雕龙刻凤，戏台为穿斗式，正殿为抬梁式，整个建筑做工精细，极富民族特色，属县重点文物保护单位。

杨家祠堂座落在县城东北部的古城墙边。太子少保、果勇侯、镇竿总兵杨芳捐资修建于清道光十六年(1836年)。祠堂由大门、戏台、过亭、廊房、正厅、厢房组成，是典型的四合院建筑，占地770平方米。戏台为单檐歇山顶，穿斗式结构，高16米，面阔7米，进深8米;檐下如玉斗拱，台柱雕龙刻凤。正殿为抬梁式建筑，山墙为猫背拱，分为一明二暗三间。两边配有厢房。杨家祠堂设计精巧，做工精细。窗户、门、檐饰件均糸镂空雕花，整体建筑具有鲜明的民族特色和很高的建筑艺术价值。

中国南部长城位于湘黔边区，上自贵州铜仁，下至湖南保靖，全长380余里，建于明朝万历43年(公园1615)，几经续修后于清朝嘉靖年间定型，其碉堡墙一般高2.3米，基宽1.7米，顶宽1米，墙体大都就地取材用石块，页岩砌成。中间填以乱石和泥土，绕山跨涧，曲折蜿蜒，大部分建在险峻的山岭上，沿途建有1232座用于屯兵御用的汛堡、屯卡、哨台、碉堡、炮台、关厢、关门及无数用石块垒成的兵房，当时一般驻防军队8000人左右，如今的一些地名如阿拉营、天星营、黄合营、王坡屯营、得胜营、乾石营、振武营、牛斗营等带营字的地方都是长城边上的驻军要点。

This was New Zealand writer Louis rewi alley as one of the most beautiful city of China "the ancient city of phoenix" built in the qing emperor kangxi, the "xiangxi pearl" is worthy of the name "small", small to only one decent thing street in the city, yet it is a green corridor.

The ancient city of phoenix is divided into two, old and new city, old city mountain, QingJian through the city of tuojiang river built of red sandstone walls stood on the shore, south of huashan lining the ancient towers, tower or clear

The years, rusty iron gate, also could see the terrible. Beicheng door wide across a narrow bridge on the river, with stone as the pier, the two are opposite side, this was the only way out of town.

Setting sun west bottom, bridge aggre ors side a lot of laundry, the woman is a mallet sound fills with water ripples. Urchin to take off a tree and play in the water, the body also has a girl in the shallows enjoy running water gently caress. The shore more students with many sketches, also added a scenery for town.

The ancient city of phoenix is the most famous, rich rich charm tujia diaojiao building blocks of antique, but river diaojiao building has gone mostly, only in the longtan there still left more than 10, not only between thin foot timber stand in the river alone, lift a heavy history.

Shen cong-wens former residence is located in the ancient city of slabs which camp street in deep alley, a total of two into sta, quite like the small courtyard house in Beijing, the former residence is brick joisted, park white walls, wooden division beautiful window. After the wind and rain bridge, east side door, the road is hurrying to carry a load of the villagers, house, carry a load of villagers and umbrella, forming a contrast of the picture.

Like shen congwen fairy to already, the ancient city of phoenix is not a complete ink painters picture scroll, but you still can come from a local feel the charm of her in a flash. The ancient city of phoenix is also suitable for one or two people in a light rain weather in the old town street, alley, riverside walk slowly, carefully to taste it once had in the past.

许国石坊左边是徽园，素有“徽州文化大观园”之称，是在歙县新建的仿古旅游城。再现了徽州明清时期的风貌，气势宏大，鳞次错落，脉传徽州文化之神韵，新创徽派建筑之精华。走进徽园，就如走进了婉约的江南，走进了古朴典雅的徽州古城。

各位游客，我们现在继续往前走，不远处就是人民教育家陶行知少年读书的崇一学堂了，后修建为陶行知纪念馆。新建部分与老馆衔接，仿徽派建筑，给人以情

的熏陶，美的享受，行的启迪，力的源泉。一进大门，宏伟典雅，风格独特的瞻仰厅展现在你的眼前。“万世师表”匾额，金光灿灿，系宋庆龄手迹。陶行知书写的对联“捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去”，是他终生恪守的人生真谛。

名，为文化历史名城一级保护区。斗山街是一处集古民居、古街、古雕、古井、古牌坊于一体的旅游文化景点。建于明清时期的斗山街、有典型的徽州民宅大院，犹如一幅长长的历史画卷，向你娓娓讲述着古老而又凄美的故事。

名城歙县不仅风景如画，人文深厚，而且明清建筑，新安医学，徽州雕刻等也有很高的艺术成就。今天的歙县古城一日游到此结束了!欢迎大家继续走进歙县，祝你们旅途快乐!

歙县古称徽州，位于皖南新安江上游的黄山风景区南麓，是一座山川秀丽、文风昌盛的文化名城和徽文化发源地，是明清时期曾盛极一时的徽商的发祥地。

我来到那一看，只见徽州古城的大门像以前皇宫里的红色城门，又高又大，特别引人注目的是那城墙上面的牌子‘徽州’，那字很像甲骨文，我看也看不懂，结果还是被爸爸识破了，它的下面有着一条横幅，上面写着：歙县欢迎您——来自海内外的中外游客!门外站着两只石狮子，他们站在方方石块上，瞧!挺拔的身体，好像是在保护着徽州古城。房子上插着中国的国旗——五星红旗，楼台的窗使用古老的木材和布制作而成的.，楼台上的瓦片到旁边都翘了起来，楼台下挂着喜气洋洋的红灯笼。

我爬上去眺望，“哇!”禁不住呼喊起来，那古城墙长长的，围住了中间三四层的楼房，那一些房子都是白墙黑瓦建成的，里面的人们不像外面街道那样人山人海，十分热闹，而是安安静静的。

美丽的徽州古城，真诚欢迎您走进徽山徽水，欣赏这“无声的诗，立体的画”。

各位朋友：

大家好!欢迎来凤凰古城做客。现在大家所在的地方，是被新西兰著名作家路易艾黎先生称赞为中国两座最美丽的小城之一的湖南凤凰古城。这里与风景名胜区湘西猛洞河、贵州梵净山毗邻，是湖南怀化、吉首和贵州铜仨三地间的必经之地，是著名作家沈从文的故乡。凤凰风景秀丽，名胜古迹很多，历来是人们游览的胜地，自古就有东岭迎辉、南华叠翠、龙潭鱼火、山寺晨钟、奇峰挺秀、溪桥夜月、兰径樵歌和梵阁回涛等八大景。城内，古代城楼、明清古院和石板小街现在仍是风采依然;城外，南华山圄家森林公园、唐代修建的至今仍保存完好的黄丝桥古城，地下艺术宫殿奇梁洞和神奇的风动岩、壮观的尖多朵瀑布、神秘的高达不峡、三门洞将军岩以及如画的电粮山、凤凰山、象鼻山、天星山、腊乐山都在向您招手，《边城》、 《湘女萧萧》、 《湘西剿匪记》、 《乌龙山剿匪记》、 《血鼓》、 《粟裕大将》等十多部影视剧也曾在这里拍摄。

风凰不但风景秀美，而且人杰地灵。浙江处州镇总兵郑国鸿、贵州提督田兴恕等民族英雄和中华民圄第一任内阁崽理熊希龄、著名作家沈从文和著名画家黄永玉都是凤凰人。

Dear friends

Hello, everyone. Im the tour guide of __ travel agency. Id like tointroduce the scenic spots and folk customs of Zhangjiajie tourism, Fenghuangancient city, Changsha, Shaoshan and other places. It is said that Phoenix, thegod bird of the kingdom of Heaven (ancient India), after reaching the age of500, set incense wood on fire and revived from the ashes. It is delicious and nolonger dies. This bird is Phoenix, the king of birds in China. There is amountain in the southwest of Fenghuang that looks like a flying phoenix, so itis named after it. Fenghuang, formerly known as Zhengan, is located in thesouthwest of our state, with a total area of more than 1700 square kilometersand a population of 370000. It is a county inhabited by Miao and Tujia ethnicminorities. Fenghuang has a long history. During the spring and Autumn periodand Warring States period, it belonged to Chu, Qin to Qianzhong County, WeiyangCounty in Tang Dynasty, Wuzhai chief executive department in Yuan and MingDynasty, and qingtongting, Zhen and Daofu. It became the military and politicalcenter of Western Hunan. Fenghuangs tourism resources are mainly rich inhistory and culture. The special history here has left many historic sites, andthe special historical culture has shaped a group of celebrities.

Phoenix, with its beautiful scenery and numerous places of interest, hasalways been a popular tourist attraction. Since ancient times, there have beeneight scenic spots, such as Dongling Yinghui, Nanhua Diecui, Longtan Yuhuo,Shansi morning bell, Qifeng Tingxiu, Xiqiao night moon, Lanjing Qiaoge and fangeHuitao. It has the world-famous style of the ancient city, the most completestone city left by the Tang Dynasty - huangsiqiao, the historical witness of theisolation between Miao and Han, the border wall of Miao, the great wall ofsouthern China, and the Qiliang cave, which is known as the king of Huaxia cave.Fenghuang ancient city is located on the Bank of Tuojiang River, surrounded bymountains and magnificent passes. The green Tuojiang River meanders under theancient city wall. The verdant foothills of Nanhua mountain reflect the centerof the river. There are fishing boats and pleasure boats in the river. There arestilts on the cliff, row upon row. The girls washing clothes with hammers besidethe dock are laughing. The east gate and the north gate by the Tuojiang Riverare magnificent. The streets paved with bluestone slabs extend in alldirections. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the houses with wooden structurewere well arranged. All of these make the ancient city like a Chinese landscapepainting with thick ink and light color. After visiting Phoenix, New Zealandfriend Louis Ailey said that there are two most beautiful small cities in China:Changting in Fujian and Fenghuang in Hunan.

The beauty of Phoenix lies not only in its natural landscape, its localconditions and customs, its cultural relics and its beautiful legends, but alsoin its glorious tradition and its fighting spirit. In the words of Mr. ShenCongwen, the chivalrous spirit of combining personal romantic emotion withhistorical religious emotion has become another model of personality andmorality in this place. Once this kind of chivalry spirit is combined withpatriotism, as long as it is properly led, it will be able to fight against theenemy when the country and the nation need it, and create earth shakingachievements. Indeed, we can see that some of the major events in modern Chinawere attended by Fenghuang people, and they were always at the forefront of thestruggle. Zheng Guohong, the third commander in chief of Dinghai who sacrificedhis life to serve the country in the first film war, Tian Xingshu, thecommanding commander of Guizhou in Qingyan and Kaizhou missionary cases in thesecond film war, Tian Yingzhao, who was awarded the rank of Army lieutenantgeneral by Dr. Sun Yat sen in Yuhuatai during the 1911 Revolution, and TianYingzhao, who fought in Jiashan and Changsha during the Anti Japanese war.Although the place is small, Xiong Xiling, the first people of the Republic ofChina, Shen Congwen, known as the father of local literature and influential allover the world, and Huang Yongyu, a famous painter, have been selected here.

Now we come to No.10 Zhongying street along Shiban road. This is the formerresidence of Shen Congwen, a famous Chinese writer. This is a typical SouthernCourtyard. There is a small patio in the middle. Around the patio is an ancienthouse with wooden tile structure. There are three main rooms, two wing rooms andthree vestibules. Although there is no carved dragon and painted Phoenix in thisancient courtyard, it is small and exquisite with antique flavor, especially thecarved wooden windows with Xiangxi characteristics.

Shen Congwens former residence was built by his grandfather Shen Hongfu inthe fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty. On December 28, 1920__, Mr. ShenCongwen was born here. In 1920__, Mr. Shen was 15 years old. Because of hisfamilys decline, he joined the aboriginal army in Western Hunan. He left hishometown and traveled in the Yuanshui and Youshui river basins. Several years ofarmy experience enabled him to witness a life in dire straits and experienced awar in full swing, which stimulated Mr. Shens desire for creation.

In 1920x, Mr. Shen came to Beijing alone and began his hard career as awriter. From 1928 to 1930, Mr. Shen worked as a teacher in Shanghai middleschool and chief editor of literature supplement of Ta Kung Pao and Yi Shi Bao.1930-1933, lecturer in Wuhan University and Qingdao University. From 1934 to1939, he edited Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools in China.From 1939 to 1949, he was a professor in the Chinese Department of SouthwestAssociated University. In his 27 years of writing career, Mr. Shen hassuccessively created a series of literary works, such as border town, duck, loveof witches, life of an actress, Xiangxi essays, Xiangxi, autobiography of ShenCongwen, heifengji, Changhe, bajuntu, essays of Shen Congwen, essays of ShenCongwen, etc., which are well-known in Chinese literary circles Almost as famousas Mr. Lu Xun, who is more than 20 years older than him. After the 1950s, Mr.Shen became a researcher of the Chinese Museum of history and the Institute ofhistory of the Chinese Academy of social sciences. He devoted himself to thestudy of Chinese cultural relics and wrote a series of works on cultural relics,such as the study of ancient Chinese costumes, bronze mirrors of Tang and SongDynasties, Ming mirrors, dragon and Phoenix Art, and lacquerware of the WarringStates period. Mr. Shens works and character show a strong consistency,natural, honest, modest, diligent, broad and dignified.

Mr. Shens works of more than 5 million words in his life are the literarytreasures of the world, and also leave valuable historical documents for futuregenerations to study China and Xiangxi.

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水迴澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

徽州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形唐末两浙道的组成部分，也是江南省分割后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州古城(2)宋徽宗宣和三年(1120xx年)，改歙州为徽州，府治今歙县，从此历宋元明清四代，统一府六县，明清时徽商称雄中国商界500余年，有“无徽不成镇”、“徽商遍天下”之说。

徽文化也成为中外学者重点研究的中华三大地域文化之一。1987年，国务院批准改徽州地区为黄山市。今黄山市下属的徽州区长期来一直为歙县地治，于1988年1月划歙县7个乡镇成立。歙县徽城镇古为徽州府城。

徽州“一府六县”格局始于唐大历五年(770年)。

自从晋太康元年(280后年)新安郡辖黟、歙、海宁、黎阳、遂安、始新六县以后，历有变动。南朝宋大明八年(464年)，黎阳县并入海宁县，新安郡辖歙、黟、海宁、遂安和始新五县。梁普通三年(520xx年)，划吴郡寿昌县归新安郡。梁承圣二年(553年)，分海宁、黟、歙三县各一部分置黎阳县，四县划出新安郡置新宁郡，治所海阳。陈天嘉三年(562年)新宁郡并入新宁郡，辖歙、黟、海宁(黎阳县并入)，始新、遂安、寿昌六县。隋开皇九年(589年)，罢新安郡，废黟、歙二县入海宁县，划归婺州管辖。开皇十一年复黟、歙二县，置歙州，州治黟。开皇十八年，改海宁县为休宁县。隋大业三年(620xx年)，改歙州为新安郡，领休宁、黟、歙三县，郡治休宁县万安山。唐武德四年(620xx年)，改新安郡为歙州，州治歙县。开元二十八年(740年)，划休宁县西乡和乐平县怀金乡建婺源县，属歙州。永泰二年(766年)，划歙、休宁二县地设归德县，划黟县赤山镇和饶州浮梁县一部分设祁门县，划歙县华阳镇设绩溪县，均属歙州。大历五年(770年)，废归德县，地复归歙、休宁二县，州领黟、歙、祁门、休宁、婺源、绩溪六县。形成徽州一府六县格局。

徽州婚嫁：旧时，徽州婚嫁严格遵循父母之命，媒妁之言。一般有九道程序：说媒、行聘、请期、搬行嫁、开脸、迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房、回门。说媒者一般为年长女性，称"媒婆"。行聘俗称"送担"，女方接礼后当天回礼，婚事即定。定亲后，由男方选定结緍日期通知女方，称"请期"。请期后搬行嫁。迎亲当天，由姑妈或舅妈用两根丝线把新娘额头的汗毛绞去，谓之"开脸"，亦称"拉面"。接着便是迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房。婚后第三天，新郞陪同新娘回拜父母，谓之"回门"。此为"明媒正娶"。另有童婚、纳妾、抢亲、入赘、冲喜、灵前婚等特殊婚姻形式。20世纪50年代后，父母包办婚姻逐渐被自由恋爱代替，婚事简办。80年代后，有采取旅游结緍和集体婚礼形式的。

徽州人杰地灵，不仅以神奇美妙的自然景观名播中外，更以灿烂辉煌的徽州文化著称于世。东汉、西晋、唐末、北宋时，有四次北方强宗大族的南迁，带来了先进的生产技术和中原文化，而徽州文化则是对中原文化的最杰出的包容整合。它的全面崛起始于北宋后期，至明清时期达到鼎盛。徽州文化内涵丰富，在各个层面、各个领域都形成了独特的流派和风格。如新安理学、徽派朴学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派版画、徽派篆刻、徽剧、徽商、徽派建筑、徽州“四雕”、徽菜、徽州茶道、徽州方言，等等。徽州所出的著名学者和杰出人物，如秋空繁星，不可胜数。国内外学者对徽州问题的研究，始于本世纪30年代。80年代后，以研究徽州历史文化为主要内容的“徽学“(或“徽州学”)概念广为传播，国内及美、日、朝、新加坡等国都相继成立了专门的研究组织或机构。90年代后，徽州文化研究进入了新的阶段，“徽学”被誉为与敦煌学、藏学比肩而立的中国三大地方学之一。

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，多少文人墨客对她产生了念慕之情，有的游客甚至“爱其山水清沏，遂久居。

Dear friends

Hello everyone! Welcome to Fenghuang ancient city. Now you are in Fenghuangancient city, Hunan Province, which is praised as one of the two most beautifulsmall cities in China by the famous New Zealand writer Mr. Louis Ailey. It isadjacent to Mengdong River in Western Hunan and Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou. Itis the only way between Huaihua, Jishou and Tongren. It is also the hometown ofShen Congwen, a famous writer. Phoenix has beautiful scenery and many places ofinterest. It has always been a popular tourist attraction. Since ancient times,there have been eight scenic spots, including Dongling Yinghui, Nanhua Diecui,Longtan Yuhuo, Shansi morning bell, Qifeng Tingxiu, Xiqiao night moon, LanjingQiaoge and fange Huitao. In the city, ancient city buildings, ancient courtyardsof Ming and Qing Dynasties and small stone streets are still elegant; Outsidethe city, Nanhuashan National Forest Park, huangsiqiao ancient city built inTang Dynasty, underground art palace, Qiliang cave, magic wind rock, spectacularjianduoduo waterfall, mysterious gaodabu gorge, sanmendong general rock,picturesque tunliang mountain, Fenghuang mountain, Xiangbi mountain, Tianxingmountain and lale mountain all beckon to you《 More than ten films and TV plays,such as the story of suppressing bandits in Western Hunan, the story ofsuppressing bandits in Wulong mountain, the blood drum, and general Suyu, werealso filmed here. Phoenix is not only beautiful scenery, but also outstandingpeople. National heroes such as Zheng Guohong, chief soldier of Chuzhou town inZhejiang Province, Tian Xingshu, governor of Guizhou Province, Xiong Xiling, thefirst premier of the cabinet of the Republic of China, Shen Congwen, a famouswriter, and Huang Yongyu, a famous painter are all Phoenix people. Formerresidence of Shen Congwen

Now follow the stone path to No. 10 Zhongying street, the former residenceof Shen Congwen, a famous Chinese writer and archaeologist.

Shen Congwens former residence was built by his grandfather Shen Hongfu in1866. On December 28, 1902, Mr. Shen Congwen was born in this courtyard with thearchitectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, where he spent his childhood andadolescence. In 1917, when Mr. Shen was 15 years old, he joined the local armyin Western Hunan because of his familys decline. He left his hometown andtraveled in the yuan, Li and Youshui river basins. He experienced a full-blownwar, which stimulated his desire for creation. In 1919, Mr. Shen came to Beijingalone and began his hard career as a writer. He created a series of literaryworks, such as "border town", "Xiangxi", and soon became famous in the Chineseliterary world, almost as well as Mr. Lu Xun, who was more than 20 years olderthan him. After the 1950s, Mr. Shen devoted himself to the study of ancientChinese costumes and wrote a masterpiece, the study of ancient Chinesecostumes.

Mr. Shens works and character show a strong consistency: natural, honest,modest, diligent, broad and dignified. Mr. Shens works of more than 5 millionwords are the worlds literary treasures, leaving valuable historical materialsfor future generations to study the old China and the old Xiangxi.

To appreciate and study Mr. Shens works, while appreciating his freshstory, dont ignore the passion behind it; while appreciating his simple words,dont ignore the hidden grief behind it. Now lets go to find the warmth andsweetness in Mr. Shens works, experience the tranquility behind the noise, andvisit the "paradise" - the border town that people yearn for.

Chens ancestral hall

Chaoyang palace, also known as Chenjia ancestral hall, is one of the 24representative ancestral halls of Fenghuang. It is located in ximenpo in theancient city. It was built by the gentry Chen family in 1915. In 1923, the kingof Xiangxi, Chen Quzhen, led the people to expand and renovate it. At that time,the annual ancestor worship assembly was held here.

Chens ancestral hall is divided into main hall, stage, left and right box,etc., forming a courtyard with strong local ethnic characteristics, especiallythe ancient stage at the entrance. Does the old couplet and the eight operamurals on the stage give us a trace of nostalgia for the past?

Xiong Xilings former residence

Follow the gravel path in the alley, pass under the eaves of Dacheng hall,the Confucius Temple, and then come to No. 10 Wenxing street, the formerresidence of Xiong Xiling, the first Prime Minister of the Republic ofChina.

Xiong Xiling, No. bingsan, was born in this bungalow on July 23, 1870. Whenhe was young, Mr. Xiong was known as a child prodigy in Hunan Province. He was ascholar at the age of 15, a candidate at the age of 21, and a Jinshi at the ageof 24. He was awarded the title of the Imperial Academy scholar (commonly knownas dianhanlin).

When he was 9 years old, his private school teacher wrote a couplet: "planta few potted flowers to explore the spring and autumn news." Mr. Xiongimmediately wrote the second couplet: "dig a pool of water to see the sky andthe earth It was a good story. After the mid-term examination, hsinko JurenXiong painted a painting to express his ambition. He painted a humble piece ofcotton and wrote the inscription "this gentleman is warm when he comes out ofthe world", which surprised all four of them.

After becoming famous, Mr. Xiong actively advocated the reform. He oncefounded Xiangbao, Shiwu school and Changde West Road normal school. He was thebackbone of the reform school in Hunan as well as Tan Sitong. Some famousrevolutionaries in our country, such as Xiang Jingyu, Lin Boqu, Teng Daiyuan,Song Jiaoren, a leftist of the Kuomintang, and Jiang Yiwu, commander in chief ofthe Wuchang Uprising, are all students of Mr. Xiong. Later, Mr. Xiong served asthe financial supervisor of the three eastern provinces, Rehe Dutong, and thechief financial officer. In 1913, he became the first Prime Minister of theRepublic of China. At that time, the government was known as the "talentcabinet" by the public opinion circles. Later, because Mr. Xiong opposed YuanShikais dictatorship, he was forced by Yuan Shikai to dissolve the cabinet andresign as prime minister. Since then, Mr. Xiong has devoted himself to industryand charity, opened Xiangshan childrens home and adopted a large number oforphans.

In 1925, Fenghuang County was hit by a severe drought, and most of the landwas not collected. After Mr. Xiong knew the news, he sent a relief fund of100000 yuan to Dayang (among which the famous Peking opera performing artist MeiLanfang donated 40000 yuan to Dayang), helping many victims. In his later years,Mr. Xiong became the president of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of Chinaand actively participated in the battlefield rescue of the Anti Japanese war. OnDecember 5, 1937, Xiong Xiling died in Hong Kong at the age of 67.

To appreciate and study Mr. Shens works, while appreciating his freshstory, dont ignore the passion behind it; while appreciating his simple words,dont ignore the hidden grief behind it. Now lets go to find the warmth andsweetness in Mr. Shens works, experience the tranquility behind the noise, andvisit the "paradise" - the border town that people yearn for.

Chens ancestral hall

Chaoyang palace, also known as Chenjia ancestral hall, is one of the 24representative ancestral halls of Fenghuang. It is located in ximenpo in theancient city. It was built by the gentry Chen family in 1915. In 1923, the kingof Xiangxi, Chen Quzhen, led the people to expand and renovate it. At that time,the annual ancestor worship assembly was held here.

Chens ancestral hall is divided into main hall, stage, left and right box,etc., forming a courtyard with strong local ethnic characteristics, especiallythe ancient stage at the entrance. Does the old couplet and the eight operamurals on the stage give us a trace of nostalgia for the past?

Xiong Xilings former residence

Follow the gravel path in the alley, pass under the eaves of Dacheng hall,the Confucius Temple, and then come to No. 10 Wenxing street, the formerresidence of Xiong Xiling, the first Prime Minister of the Republic ofChina.

Xiong Xiling, No. bingsan, was born in this bungalow on July 23, 1870. Whenhe was young, Mr. Xiong was known as a child prodigy in Hunan Province. He was ascholar at the age of 15, a candidate at the age of 21, and a Jinshi at the ageof 24. He was awarded the title of the Imperial Academy scholar (commonly knownas dianhanlin).

When he was 9 years old, his private school teacher wrote a couplet: "planta few potted flowers to explore the spring and autumn news." Mr. Xiongimmediately wrote the second couplet: "dig a pool of water to see the sky andthe earth It was a good story. After the mid-term examination, hsinko JurenXiong painted a painting to express his ambition. He painted a humble piece ofcotton and wrote the inscription "this gentleman is warm when he comes out ofthe world", which surprised all four of them.

After becoming famous, Mr. Xiong actively advocated the reform. He oncefounded Xiangbao, Shiwu school and Changde West Road normal school. He was thebackbone of the reform school in Hunan as well as Tan Sitong. Some famousrevolutionaries in our country, such as Xiang Jingyu, Lin Boqu, Teng Daiyuan,Song Jiaoren, a leftist of the Kuomintang, and Jiang Yiwu, commander in chief ofthe Wuchang Uprising, are all students of Mr. Xiong. Later, Mr. Xiong served asthe financial supervisor of the three eastern provinces, Rehe Dutong, and thechief financial officer. In 1913, he became the first Prime Minister of theRepublic of China. At that time, the government was known as the "talentcabinet" by the public opinion circles. Later, because Mr. Xiong opposed YuanShikais dictatorship, he was forced by Yuan Shikai to dissolve the cabinet andresign as prime minister. Since then, Mr. Xiong has devoted himself to industryand charity, opened Xiangshan childrens home and adopted a large number oforphans. In 1925, Fenghuang County was hit by a severe drought, and most of theland was not collected. After Mr. Xiong knew the news, he sent a relief fund of100000 yuan to Dayang (among which the famous Peking opera performing artist MeiLanfang donated 40000 yuan to Dayang), helping many victims. In his later years,Mr. Xiong became the president of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of Chinaand actively participated in the battlefield rescue of the Anti Japanese war. OnDecember 5, 1937, Xiong Xiling died in Hong Kong at the age of 67.

黄丝桥古城是国内至今保存最好的一座城堡，古城始建于唐垂拱三年(公元687年)，古为屯兵之所，是历代统治者防止西部苗民生衅的前哨阵地。昔日伏波将军马援及威震西藏的福康安均命丧于此，而苗民们也被迫深入大山人口剧减。黄丝桥古城古称渭阳城，距今已有1300多年的历史。清康熙三十九年(1720xx年)，朝廷为了安抚和镇压少数民族，这里设立了凤凰直隶厅和沅永靖兵备道。乾隆五十九年(1794年)，这里爆发了历史上最大的苗民起义，也就是历史学家称这次起义是清朝中之战，从此清朝走向落。黄丝桥古城属南方长城的一部分，是苗汉相争的前沿阵地。

古城系青石结构建筑，城墙高5.6米，厚2.9米，宽2.4米，占地面积2900平方米，筑城所用石料皆石灰岩的青光石，最大的约重20xx斤，小的也有1000余斤。砌筑时以糯米稀饭拌合石灰为砌浆灌缝，使数百米城墙，浑然一体，坚固牢实。古城开有三个城门，分别为“和育门”、“实城门”、“日光门”，均建有十余米高的清式建筑格局的高大城楼，三个城楼的屋顶均为歇山式，下层覆盖以腰檐，上布小青瓦，飞檐翘角，分外壮观。城墙上部为锯凿形状，箭垜300个，还有两座外突的炮台。

黄丝桥是唐时武则天被选中上京之时曾经歇脚的地方，和武则天有很深的渊源。在黄丝桥古城里，有一座御花园，据说是武则天当年下令所建。御花园里荷塘片片，怪石嶙峋，有形似巨龙的、形似巨龟的，宝剑倒插以及大鹏展翅的岩石。还有一条须扭曲身体才能勉强通过的石缝。

古城始建于唐朝年间，为渭阳废县故治。据光绪《凤凰厅续志》载“凤凰营，距镇箪镇六十里。有废城，在坡山西址，建于唐，为渭阳废县故治。"又据《元和郡县志》载：“渭阳县，垂拱三年(公元687年)折麻阳县置。在坡山西址。"按此记载，黄丝桥古城距今已有1300多年的历史了。

古渭阳城先为县治，后自清康熙三十九年(公元1720xx年)移建镇后，古城一直驻兵，为防西部苗民起义。军营至1920xx年共存在了220xx年。

黄丝桥古城为国内至今保存得最好的石头城，它坚实牢固，虽历时一千多年，至今仍完整无缺。城墙所用石料，皆采用石灰岩的青光巨石，最大的约重20xx斤，小的也有1000余斤，用糯米稀饭拦石灰浆砌筑，石面平整，工艺讲究。

黄丝桥与其说这是一个村落，勿如说这是一座古堡。联合国亨利博士20xx年盛夏在考察书架堂时就说：“我没有见过比书架堂更古老、更完整、更幽美的古城堡了。

Ladies and gentlemen:

Everybody is good! Welcome to the ancient city of phoenix. Where you are now, Mr Is famous New Zealand writer Louis rewi alley praised as one of the two most beautiful town in Chinas hunan phoenix ancient city. Here with scenic xiangxi fierce hole, guizhou fanjing mountains near the river, is produced in huaihua, jishou and tongren of guizhou "point, is a famous writer shen congwens hometown.

Phoenix, beautiful scenery, many places of interests, have always been people visit the resort, since ancient times has welcomed dongling hui, south China jade green, longtan fish back fire, yamadera, qifeng, diameter and without creek bridge night month firewood song back to tao and Vatican pavilion and so on eight big scene.

In the city, the ancient towers, ancient Ming and qing dynasty courtyard and slab side street style is still is still the same; Outside the city, south of huashan national forest park, built in the tang dynasty is still well preserved ancient city of yellow silk bridge, the underground palace of art and magic of pneumatic rock beam hole, spectacular sharp falls, more mysterious as not gorge, three general door rock and picturesque tuen food the mountains, phoenix mountain, elephant trunk hill, star ferry, la leshan in waved to you, "border town", "hunan female rustling", "xiangxi however remember", "the yongsan however", "blood drum", "SuYu generals" and so on more than 10 TV dramas have taken here.

Phoenix not only beautiful, and the talents. Zhejiang company commanders those states town, guizhou prefect Tian Xingshu such as a national hero and the first prime minister of the republic of China Xiong Xiling, the famous writer shen congwen and famous painter huang yongyu, phoenix.

你们看!徽州府府堂的右方矗立着一座谯楼，叫阳和门，红石城墙，古朴典雅。走过阳和门，矗立在大家面前的就是气势磅礴的许国石坊，许国石坊建于明朝，南北长11.54米，东西宽6.77米，高11.4米。如此规模宏大、呈八脚结构的牌坊举世无双。

坊主许国是三朝重臣。因平定云南边境叛乱有功，受到了“加恩眷酬”，回到老家歙县，建造了这座千古留名的大石坊。据说一般臣民只能建四脚牌楼，否则就是犯上。当时徽州四脚牌楼林立，许国如果只是造一座四脚牌坊，无法体现他的官

重威显。怎样才能与众不同呢?许国想了个“先斩后奏”的点子，许国建这座牌坊前后共拖了七、八个月才回朝复命。由于超假，许国久默无声，皇上迷惑，责备说：“建坊这么久，不要说是四脚，就是八脚也早就造好了”。许国听了，顿时口呼万岁，奏称“谢皇上恩准，臣建的正是八脚牌楼。”皇帝听了哭笑不得。

许国石坊左边是徽园，素有“徽州文化大观园”之称，是在歙县新建的仿古旅游城。再现了徽州明清时期的风貌，气势宏大，鳞次错落，脉传徽州文化之神韵，新创徽派建筑之精华。走进徽园，就如走进了婉约的江南，走进了古朴典雅的徽州古城。

凤凰于飞，翙翙其羽，凤凰涅槃，浴火重生。凤凰不仅仅是翱翔于天空的吉祥神鸟。也是中华民族的精神图腾。更是人们渴望美好的圣洁期盼!

“ 为了您，这座古城已经等了千年! ”为了千年等一回，我们将要去凤凰，寻找那活了千年的生命，和死去千年的标本。凤凰地处湘西这个边陲小镇。始建于明朝嘉靖年间。自古以来就是一个兵城，也是一个商城。走进凤凰，每一扇窗户上都有一扇顾盼流芳的眼睛，每一块石板上都有情侣的倩影。每一条小河边都有苗家姑娘洗衣棒锤在石板上带着节奏的混响，还有那婉转悠扬的歌声。

说到凤凰，我不能不说苗族。苗族可以说是中国迁徙最频繁的民族，无数次的迁徙留下了一部悲壮而又苦难的历史。虽然是第一个发明水稻种植技术的民族，但是聪明的苗族人也没能改变战败迁徙的命运。他们用生命和鲜血谱写了历史，用智慧和坚韧传承了文明。逐鹿之战估计大家都听说过，这就是讲的皇帝无数次被苗族打败以后联络了炎帝反败为胜，打败苗族，逼着我们的领袖蚩尤带着我们迁徙到这大山深处，万山丛中。为了生存，我们采集野果野草，像蒿草粑粑，到现在还是我们餐桌上的食物。为了顺应自然，在这潮湿的大山深处繁衍生息。我们吃生姜驱寒，所以姜糖成了我们的喜糖。为了战胜自然，我们彰显力量，在每一年的锥牛节上，男人杀死最厉害的公牛。女人们敲下牛角做成梳子别在自己的头上。向世人炫耀男人的战利品。为了填饱肚子，我们尝遍野果，把银子做成了餐具。来甄别哪些东西有毒。

大家知道我们苗族人的身份证最早是用什么材质做的吗?你们看过血色湘西吗?我告诉你们：不是纸做的，更不是塑料做的。而是银子做的。自古以来，苗族人就是最骁勇善战的民族，虽然跟朝廷的战争无休无止。但是每一次面对国家尊严和民族大义的时候，苗族人都冲锋陷阵、血染疆场。远的不说，湘军中最能打硬仗的就是竿子军，竿子就是指湘西的土家族和苗族人。所以凤凰以前称为镇竿镇。再就是日本人占领长沙、常德的时候，又是湘西的竿子军用枪炮和血肉之躯筑起了一道钢铁长城，保卫了家园，捍卫了湘西这块弹丸之地。每一次战争的胜利都是鲜血染红的战场。湘西人对于故土，有着一般人无法理解的眷恋。就如沈从文的碑文：一个战士要不战死沙场，要不回到故乡。客死他乡的英雄们无法尸体还乡，无法魂归故里。有的甚至都认不出模样。他们甚至是带不回只言片语的遗言。活着回来的人无法面对老人期盼的眼睛，无法面对妻子望眼欲穿的守望，更无法给孩子们一个合理的解释。他们只能摘下那只象征着他们身份的耳环。一包包的耳环就是一个个鲜活的生命啊。亲人们接过自己家的耳环，供奉在祖宗的牌位上。告诉他们的后人，他们的祖宗不是孬种。

大家知道我们为什么要戴吉祥鼓吗?难道仅仅就是吉祥如意吗?不，任何东西的存在一定有它的原因。最早苗族人为了生存，为了驱逐野兽发明了鼓。好不容易在这蛮夷之地生存下来。战争却不期而至。让我们一次又一次的迁徙。从黄河流域到洞庭湖之滨，再到这边陲之地。无数次的颠沛流离，无数次的人走家随。鼓声成了战争的号角，当鼓声响起的时候，即使有再多的不舍。我们也不能停止迁徙的脚步。鼓声也意味着一个人都不能拉下。于是苗族人习惯了把所有的东西都铸成银器戴在自己的身上，随时准备迁徙。

大家知道我们的阿哥为什么要给阿妹送鱼纹的镯子吗?这不仅仅是检验女人的身体是否健康，是否能顺利传宗接代，更是一份家族的重托，一个民族的承诺。他是要告诉自己心爱的女人。总有一天，我会带着你，带着我们的孩子打回黄河流域，回到那有鱼有米的地方去的。

直到今天，当我们再一次面对商场昂贵的饮水机、洗衣机而百思不得其解的时候。销售员只是告诉我们，那是因为它们都是带银离子杀毒的。直到这个时候，我们才知道老祖宗的智慧。今天科技的进步让我可以精准的测量出银子的成分和功能，知道它可以杀死650多种细菌。上个世纪九十年代，随着改革的春风，那些老祖宗用了一辈子的餐具被我们搁置一旁。那些巧夺天工的加工技术被机器的复制替代。曾经被苗族人追捧的拉丝首饰也一度无人问津。知道什么是拉丝技术吗?拉丝顾名思义就是把银子拉成丝，拉得很细很细，甚至是细过了头发丝。这么说吧，一克银子能拉到一米左右。然后做成精美的首饰。知道为什么有拉丝吗?苗族人用银子彰显个性，妆点美丽。而贫穷的苗族人如何用有限的银子做出更大更张扬的饰品，廉价的劳动力和智慧的工匠创造了拉丝技术，满足了苗族人对银饰的喜好。今天，我们再一次欣赏到拉丝，看到拉丝工艺这真是我们的幸运，也是苗族人的荣幸。为什么这么说呢?文化的传承不仅仅是民族的追捧，更要政府的支持，还要与市场接轨，跟利益挂钩。否则就成了市场经济的炮灰。就如山西的那些百年木屋，甚至是很多具有厚重历史文明的地标古建筑都由于政府维修基金的不到位而一座座破坏、拆除、坍塌。苗族的银器锻造技术也曾经被机器替代。20__年，凤凰对外开放以后。很多人看到了商机，政府也大力支持，招商引资。挖掘出苗族的文化瑰宝：比如银器锻造技术、蜡染技术、苗绣等等。其中银子的锻造技术列入了世界非物质文化遗产名录。从此，凤凰的经济得到了飞速的发展。那些具有精湛技术的工匠们再一次重出江湖。有的甚至是冠上了世界非物质文化遗产传承人的名号。无数的银器店如雨后春笋般冒出来。良莠不齐、鱼龙混杂。

徽州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形唐末两浙道的组成部分，也是江南省分割后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州古城(2)宋徽宗宣和三年(1121年)，改歙州为徽州，府治今歙县，从此历宋元明清四代，统一府六县，明清时徽商称雄中国商界500余年，有“无徽不成镇”、“徽商遍天下”之说。

徽文化也成为中外学者重点研究的中华三大地域文化之一。1987年，国务院批准改徽州地区为黄山市。今黄山市下属的徽州区长期来一直为歙县地治，于1988年1月划歙县7个乡镇成立。歙县徽城镇古为徽州府城。

徽州“一府六县”格局始于唐大历五年(770年)。

自从晋太康元年(280后年)新安郡辖黟、歙、海宁、黎阳、遂安、始新六县以后，历有变动。南朝宋大明八年(464年)，黎阳县并入海宁县，新安郡辖歙、黟、海宁、遂安和始新五县。梁普通三年(522年)，划吴郡寿昌县归新安郡。梁承圣二年(553年)，分海宁、黟、歙三县各一部分置黎阳县，四县划出新安郡置新宁郡，治所海阳。陈天嘉三年(562年)新宁郡并入新宁郡，辖歙、黟、海宁(黎阳县并入)，始新、遂安、寿昌六县。隋开皇九年(589年)，罢新安郡，废黟、歙二县入海宁县，划归婺州管辖。开皇十一年复黟、歙二县，置歙州，州治黟。开皇十八年，改海宁县为休宁县。隋大业三年(607年)，改歙州为新安郡，领休宁、黟、歙三县，郡治休宁县万安山。唐武德四年(621年)，改新安郡为歙州，州治歙县。开元二十八年(740年)，划休宁县西乡和乐平县怀金乡建婺源县，属歙州。永泰二年(766年)，划歙、休宁二县地设归德县，划黟县赤山镇和饶州浮梁县一部分设祁门县，划歙县华阳镇设绩溪县，均属歙州。大历五年(770年)，废归德县，地复归歙、休宁二县，州领黟、歙、祁门、休宁、婺源、绩溪六县。形成徽州一府六县格局。

徽州婚嫁：旧时，徽州婚嫁严格遵循父母之命，媒妁之言。一般有九道程序：说媒、行聘、请期、搬行嫁、开脸、迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房、回门。说媒者一般为年长女性，称"媒婆"。行聘俗称"送担"，女方接礼后当天回礼，婚事即定。定亲后，由男方选定结緍日期通知女方，称"请期"。请期后搬行嫁。迎亲当天，由姑妈或舅妈用两根丝线把新娘额头的汗毛绞去，谓之"开脸"，亦称"拉面"。接着便是迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房。婚后第三天，新郞陪同新娘回拜父母，谓之"回门"。此为"明媒正娶"。另有童婚、纳妾、抢亲、入赘、冲喜、灵前婚等特殊婚姻形式。20世纪50年代后，父母包办婚姻逐渐被自由恋爱代替，婚事简办。80年代后，有采取旅游结緍和集体婚礼形式的。

徽州人杰地灵，不仅以神奇美妙的自然景观名播中外，更以灿烂辉煌的徽州文化著称于世。东汉、西晋、唐末、北宋时，有四次北方强宗大族的南迁，带来了先进的生产技术和中原文化，而徽州文化则是对中原文化的最杰出的包容整合。它的全面崛起始于北宋后期，至明清时期达到鼎盛。徽州文化内涵丰富，在各个层面、各个领域都形成了独特的流派和风格。如新安理学、徽派朴学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派版画、徽派篆刻、徽剧、徽商、徽派建筑、徽州“四雕”、徽菜、徽州茶道、徽州方言，等等。徽州所出的著名学者和杰出人物，如秋空繁星，不可胜数。国内外学者对徽州问题的研究，始于本世纪30年代。80年代后，以研究徽州历史文化为主要内容的“徽学“(或“徽州学”)概念广为传播，国内及美、日、朝、新加坡等国都相继成立了专门的研究组织或机构。90年代后，徽州文化研究进入了新的阶段，“徽学”被誉为与敦煌学、藏学比肩而立的中国三大地方学之一。

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，多少文人墨客对她产生了念慕之情，有的游客甚至“爱其山水清沏，遂久居。

第一次来到凤凰古城，就被它的美给吸引了。它到底有多美呢?那就随我来吧，听我来给你介绍。

我们先坐上了游船，湖水清澈见底，可以看见水底的水草。水草随着水在飘动，像婀娜多姿的少女，在轻柔的跳着舞。捧起一些水，凉丝丝的，没有一点瑕疵。从远处看，虹桥和旁边的房屋互相辉映，就像一副浓墨，浅浅带着色彩的山水画。从侧面看，两旁的房屋古色古香，黑色的房顶，白色的房身，再配上刚刚下过了雨，真是别有一番风味。

下了船，我们去购物。我们先去买这的特产—姜糖。我先尝了一个，恩，味道不错，刚开始甜甜的，吃到最后，突然有一股微微的姜味，有一些辣。这里还有特产，那就是血粑鸭和腊肉。凤凰古城里还有许多景点，比如，三王府，杨家祠堂，沈从文故居……三王府里讲的是祭拜的三个人物，就是李一龙，李一虎，李一豹。站在三王府上面，可以看见整个凤凰古城的全景。再往上走，是信佛的，我进去拜了拜，就出来了。凤凰古城是美的，他们这里的人也很美，非常热情，阿妹们还跟我们一起对山歌，优美的山歌在山谷中回荡……

凤凰古城真美，但是如果用一颗浮躁的心去观赏她时，只能看出凤凰古城外表上的美，但是如果用一颗平静的心去观赏她时，那你才能真正领略凤凰古城历史悠久的文化传统和热情的苗族人。

凤凰古城是个出人才的地方，民国第一任总理熊希龄，也是凤凰人。他天生聪慧。1913年当选民国第一任民选总理，由于他反对袁世凯复辟帝制，不久就被迫辞职。熊先生晚年致力于慈善和教育事业，他创办著名的香山慈幼院。1937年12月25日这位风云人物在香港逝世，享年68岁。毛主席等曾多次称赞熊希龄，说他做过许多好事。

凤凰古城的醉美十一景，第一景莫过于沱江泛舟了。登上木舟，缓缓行驶于沱江之上，一阵阵清风来袭,你会觉得异常凉爽。在这里你会看到一下下捣衣的`女子。看!这里水是那么的绿，与旁边的绿树互相辉映，显得协调。河两端是苗族人的吊脚楼群，这里体现了它们的风土人情。一根根竹竿撑着古代阁楼，一般的有2到3层(也有四层的)，只有第二层以上才会住人。但是，最大的吊脚楼能住200-300人左右呢。上了岸，你才会知道——吊脚楼群、脉脉漫开的水纹、滚动的水车，缓缓行驶的小木舟特别自然地融洽在一起，这是大自然的杰作——用画笔描绘不出来的美丽与风土人情。

夜晚的虹桥更美,灯光星星点点地洒落在湖面上。

凤凰古城是一个古色古香的古城，那种美在我心中留下了美好的印象。