故宫三百字导游词【最新20篇】

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

游客们，大家好！我们要游览的是闻名中外的古代建筑——故宫

故宫位于北京市中心，是世界上的五大宫之一，也称为“紫禁城。”这里本有过二十多位皇帝，第一位是明朝的朱棣皇帝，最后一位是溥仪皇帝。

故宫是中国最完整的古老建筑，有一条中轴，贯通着整个故宫，三大殿、后三宫、御花园都在这条中轴线上。三大殿分别是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，它们位于故宫前方。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，面积约是2380多平方米，是故宫中面积最大的一座宫殿。太和殿的后面就是中和殿，中和殿高有29米，内部是一个正方形。保和殿位于太和殿与中和殿之后，保和殿高27米，内部是一个长方形，到乾隆时代后，这里就成为了一个考试的地区。

后三宫分别是乾清宫，交泰殿和坤宁宫。乾清宫是皇帝居住的地方，坤宁宫是皇后居住的地方。交泰殿并不是住的，它也是一座宫殿，只不过是和乾清之、坤宁宫在一起，所以被称为后三宫。

御花园很大，占地面积是120xx平方米，占了故宫的四分之一，它附近有慈宁宫花园，建福花园和宁寿花园。在这几座花园中，御花园是最大的。

故宫很美，但游人会把食物的包装袋或者其它垃圾随手扔到地上，使故宫的环境变差，我们应该要好好地保护这美丽的古代建筑。

游客朋友们大家好，欢迎大家来到沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年，是中国现存的两座古代帝王宫殿之一。也是举世仅存的满族风格宫殿建筑群，具有很高的历史价值，文化价值和艺术价值。20__年，联合国教科文组织正式将沈阳故宫列入《世界遗产名录》。

沈阳故宫经过三次大规模的建设，形成了东.中.西三路格局。首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，大清门俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。

我们穿过大清门，现在正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名正殿，俗称金銮殿。是沈阳路最重要的建筑。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和少数民族代表的地方。

走出崇政殿，眼前的雄伟建筑就是凤凰楼。凤凰楼原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾，它是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。

穿过凤凰楼，我们来到的这一处院落就是皇太极的后宫。我们最先看到的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。出了清宁宫，现在大家看到的这四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们来逐一参观。

沈阳故宫东路建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭。从建筑形式上看它们都是“亭子式”建筑，好像11座“帐殿”依次排列在宽阔的广场中。

沈阳故宫西路是为了适应皇帝东巡的需要而增建的一组建筑，主要有文溯阁、戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙殿等，套院相接，多而不乱，是文化气息较浓之处。

好了，沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到这里，希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻印象。

我常在梦中瞥见那群迷雾中的宫殿——红墙耸峙，飞楷泣雨，庭院深深，雾锁重门.着实，那只是头脑的碎片在梦中缥缈而过留下的影子罢了.越是云云，越让我憧憬那梦中楼台.

立秋事后，一个朝晨，我确乎又梦见那座弃宫—沈阳故宫，蓦然醒来，耳边回荡着它的呼叫，我好像想起了什么，又好像忘却了什么，跑下楼去，很快来到它的身边.跨进高高的大清门，便来到另一个天下.沈阳故宫主轴第一殿是崇政殿，这里是400多年前清帝人关前上朝理政的处所.沿着青石路绕已往，就来到崔见的风凰楼前，它和清宁官、四妃寝宫一并落在4米高的高台上，附近红堵相围.风凰楼是昔时盛京最高的构筑，飞檐间挂着未逝的晓月，其下的横匾上是200多年前乾隆东巡时的御笔亲题:“紫气东来.”此刻，当代文明的履痕正摧毁着汗青的残骸，凤凰楼也因此成为禁步之处，不能登临.看不到凤凰晓月，其实痛惜，只好凭栏凝娣.旧日珠帘罗幕、献筹交织已惨淡，玉楼笙歌也早已声断，大概尘封的窗里，一卷史书的残页正在晨风中哆嗦.

看过殿楼的巍峨，又感想后宫的平安.衍庆宫的案几上放着古琴，好像淑妃弄弦的韵律还历历可闻.庄妃宫罗慢里挂着小小的摇篮，大概那儿就是清世祖降生之地.

下了凤凰楼台基，踏着青石铺就的小径，我的情慷又完全溶入后苑的器量.曲径通幽处，寥寂梧桐低低地映在莲花池中，花落时节，鸟鸣院更幽;四序递嫂，青石板的裂隙中青草丛生，湮没了古道.

向东走，到了东院.远眺望去，大政殿好像近在面前，可盘龙飞檐，金奕宝座却又像影子似的含糊.沿着正中的御道，我朝着大政殿蹈蹈独行，脚下每一块青石板似乎都深刻着它们漫长的光阴，密密匝匝地写着它们无字的诗文和感民气弦的故事. 昨夜风疏雨骤，留下一片淋漓，尽量太阳的光热会把这些水雾蒸腾，尔后再化作甘霖润泽着脚下这片土地，把四个多世纪前如梦如烟的旧事渗人大地更深一层，然而我将同样看到这残断的影象，感觉着汗青的沉淀.

此日夜里，我又梦见迷雾中的宫殿，依然的红墙耸峙，飞格泣雨，依然的庭院深深，雾锁重门，依然的肃静而不行触及——大概，这即是它的永恒

园内遍植古柏老槐，罗列奇石玉座、金麟铜像、盆花桩景,增添了园内景象的变化,丰富了园景的层次。御花园地面的各色卵石也很奇特，它们可以镶拼成福、禄、寿象征性图案，丰富多彩。御花园内共有十几棵连理树，多由松、柏培育而成，在天一门有一棵园里最著名的连理树。该树由两棵柏树主干连结一起，长得十分粗壮繁茂。

关于连理树，还有一个会传说。相传战国时期，宋国君康王，霸占舍人韩平的爱妻合氏为妃，并强迫韩平去筑青陵台;台筑成后康王又杀韩平。合氏闻讯痛不欲生。当参加韩平的葬礼时，她毅然跳入墓中撞棺而亡。残暴的康王出于嫉妒恶意，便把韩平、合氏夫妻尸首分别埋于青陵台的左右两侧，不让将他们合葬一起。但第二年于韩平、合氏的坟头上，慢慢长出两棵参天大树，树干中部合在一起，紧紧连结着。于是后人便称此种合抱树为“连理树”，比喻夫妻之间坚贞不屈的`纯洁爱情。好，我们接着先前走。前面就是坤宁宫。原先是皇后的寝宫。到了清朝，就改为了祭神和皇帝结婚的地方。

看，在坤宁宫的左边，有一个类似大饼的石头，上面有一根针，这就是“日晷”，也就是古代的钟表。它的原理就是以太阳照射针的影子来辨别时间。再往北，就是交泰殿和乾清宫，它们和刚刚路过的坤宁宫合称“后三宫”。绕过乾清宫，穿过乾清门，就是一个很大的中央广场。它就像分界地带，把紫禁城分为了前后两个部分。

大家如果累了，可以在广场周围的椅子上休息一下。对了，大家还记不记得，咱们这一路上，有很多铜制的大缸，你们知道它是干什么的吗?(互动)据考证，故宫内的殿宇楼阁均为砖木结构，很容易着火。一旦发生火灾，如果不能及时扑救，火势就会迅速蔓延，把这座价值连城的辉煌建筑顷刻之间化为乌有。

为此，紫禁城的建设者们对防火特别重视，在宫殿前设置了这些大缸，称之为“门海”。门海即门前的“大海”，门前有了“大海”，以水克火，砖木结构的故宫就不怕火灾了。因此，这些大缸又被称作吉祥缸。可想而知，我们的祖先还是很聪明的。大家休息好了吗?我们继续向前走。看好了，这就是故宫最著名的，最富丽堂皇的“三大殿”——太和殿，中和殿，保和殿。因为咱们是由南向北走，所以先看到是保和殿和中和殿。到现在，周围已经比刚刚辽阔多了，这也说明了紫荆城“前三殿”和“后三殿”的差距。凡事都要观察细节，大家看看脚底的台阶，是用大理石制成的，而它的图案可是非常的漂亮。这些图案以祥云为主，四周还点缀着几只小龙，它们的样子活灵活现，栩栩如生，充分体现了我国古代劳动人民的智慧。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

各位来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自南昌的导游甜心X公主，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

游客朋友们大家好，首先欢迎大家的到来，我叫王格申，是你们的导游，大家能够叫我王导，年长的游客们也能够直接称呼我小王，好了，先给大家讲讲我们的行程，我们第一个要去的地方就是我们的沈阳故宫。

说道故宫，大家肯低昂想到的都是北京故宫，启示不用到北京也能看到故宫的，没错那就是沈阳故宫，沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，另外一个不用我多说大家就应都明白是哪一个了吧，沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好。

此刻大家就在沈阳故宫的门口，大家都看到了它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自我的特色，这些就需要有颗朋友们自我去体会品味了，那里此刻是沈阳最重要的游览点。

沈阳故宫建于1625年，是后金第一代汗努尔哈赤开始修筑。努尔哈赤死后，第二代汗皇太极继续修建成功。沈阳故宫的建筑布局能够分为三路。东路为清太祖努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗皇太极时期续建的大中阙，包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、启福宫等。西路则是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等。乾隆时皇宫已在北京，但他有时也“东巡”回沈阳看看。

此刻我们来到了沈阳故宫的东路，那里是很有特色的。大政殿居中，两旁分列十个亭子，称为十王亭。大政殿是一座八角重檐亭子建筑，正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿是用来举行大典，如颁布诏书，宣布军队出征，迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等的地方。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，但是它的体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此，称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的十座亭子。其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这十一座亭子，就是十一座帐篷的化身。帐篷是能够流动、迁移的，而亭子就固定起来了。这也显示了少数民族文化的一个发展。崇政殿是沈阳故宫最重要的建筑，在中路，是皇太极日常临朝的地方。崇政殿北有一凤凰楼，三层，是当时盛京城内最高的建筑物。沈阳故宫博物馆所陈列的多半是旧皇宫遗留下来的宫廷文物。如努尔哈赤用过的剑，皇太极用过的腰刀和鹿角椅等。沈阳故宫博物馆陈列的艺术品也很丰富。在绘画陈列室里，有明、清两代一些大师的作品如清李鳟、金农、明文征明书画精品、陶瓷、雕刻、织乡、漆器等工艺品。

我的讲解就差不多，此刻给大家一点时光自我去观赏一下，半个小时候我们在那里集合，多谢大家的配合。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的142019年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!

我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

大家好，我是春天旅行社的导游我们将要游览故宫，请大家到故宫游览时不要乱扔垃圾。谢谢!现在已经到达故宫了 ，请不要讲话。故宫在北京市城区中心，旧称紫禁城，是明、清两代皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最宏伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。故宫始建于明永乐四年。

历时20xx年建成。故宫分前朝、内廷两大部分。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为侧翼。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为后三宫，还有东六宫、西六宫、宁寿宫、慈宁宫、御花园等。各位旅客今天游览到此结束。我真诚的希望大家快快乐乐、幸福永远谢谢大家!

女士们、先生们：

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊！

紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年（1406）开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢？据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高

9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化（今高青县）的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

（进午门后金水桥前）

现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。

（在太和门前）

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，

说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢？它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

（经过太和门之后）

女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。

太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。

这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢？在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了！”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国20xx多年的封建统治。

各位游客们:

大家好!我叫李雨果，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我李导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥，为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。 故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以铁安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

亲爱的游客们，大家好，欢迎大家来到北京故宫参观，我叫戴莉蓉，大家叫我戴导好了。下面就让我来介绍一下世界遗产——故宫吧。

故宫有四个大门，依次是午门、神武门、东华门、西华门。故宫的正门叫午门，是故宫的大门，午门当中的正门平时只有皇帝才可以出入，过了午门，就等于进了故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，也是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，它始建明永乐四年，公元1420xx年，历时20xx年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。

故宫最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿，是太和殿，中和殿，保和殿，都是木结构，黄琉璃瓦顶，青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的采画，你们在游赏时，一是欣赏他们丰富多彩的建筑艺术，二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物，其中中和殿和保和殿一共收藏了100多万件的文物。

故宫是几百年前劳动人民智慧和血汗的结晶，初建时被奴役的劳动者有工匠十万，夫役百万，那时没有火车，汽车，没有起重机，每块石头往往重达几吨，如现在保和殿后檐的台阶，有一块云龙雕石重约2500吨，可见充分反映了中国古代劳动人民的高度智慧和创造的才能。

游客们，接下来的时间就让你们游赏吧，但要记住哦，垃圾请不要乱扔，以免破坏这美丽又雄伟的世界遗产。

清代入关前，其皇宫设在沈阳，迁都北京后，z这座皇宫被称作"陪都宫殿"、"留都宫殿"，后来就称之为沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，宫内建筑物保存完好，是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一。它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多，但是，它在建筑上有自己的特色，现在是沈阳最重要的游览点。

沈阳故宫为世界文化遗产保护单位，它是中国目前仅存的最完整的两大古代宫殿建筑群之一，是清代初期营建和使用的皇家宫苑，始建于1625年(明天启五年，后金天命十年)。沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆，藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年，国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日，在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》，它以独特的历史、地理条件和浓郁的满族特色而迥异于北京故宫。沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的大政殿、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、万字炕口袋房的清宁宫，古朴典雅的文朔阁，以及凤凰楼等高台建筑、"宫高殿低"的建筑风格，在中国宫殿建筑史上绝无仅有。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模大、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。故宫的正门叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420xx年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。此外午门的门洞为明三暗五，就是说从南面看是有3个门洞，从北面看是5个门洞。

进入故宫首先出现在面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名，每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天-安-门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子：咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到：看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

(在太和门前)这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝：”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱：”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说：老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变!

(经过太和门之后)前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令：任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”，下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广常那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。

(在太和殿广场)尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心：这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

(在太和殿的石台上)这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是：重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如：日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲-法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广常我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下：过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天-安-门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

中国历史上最后一个皇帝---爱新觉罗.溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。现在开始五分钟自由活动，五分钟后在那凉快的地方集合。

尊敬的游客们!大家好!我是你们今天的导游，大家叫我于导游就行啦。

今天我们将要参观的是北京故宫，大家下车时请保管好随身物品准备下车，请不要随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾，注意安全。这就是故宫，又叫紫禁城，它坐落于北京市中心，为明清两代的皇宫，故宫的建设是以南京故宫为蓝本，从大江南北征调能工巧匠，经历了20xx年的时间才建成了故宫。

请大家走上台阶往下眺望，就可以看见故宫的全景了。故宫的平面是一个正方形，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积约72万多平方米。大家请跟我来看一看四面筑有的城墙，它们周长3428米，墙高7.9米，底部宽8.62米，上部宽6.66米。大家请往上面看，上不外侧筑有雕刻，内侧砌墙宇。大家请随我来，请看墙外有一条宽52米，长380米的护城河环绕，构成完整的防御系统。大家请向东西南北四个方向看，宫城辟有四门，南面有午门是故宫正门，北面有神武门又叫玄武门，东面是东华门，西面是西华门。

大家往前走看到的就是太和殿了，太和殿为故宫第一大殿，俗称金銮宝殿，在北京故宫的中心部位，与中和殿和保和殿合称“故宫三大殿”。太和殿始建于明朝永乐四年，现存建筑是康熙三十四年所修的，明清两代皇帝即位、大婚、册立皇后以及元旦赐宴等大典均在此举行。

今天我们游览就到这，希望大家有时间去细细游赏其他宫殿。

谢谢!

大家好!我的名字叫沈蕾，是你们这次旅行的导游，你们可以叫我沈导，在这里首先祝你们旅游愉快!下车时，请大家小心阶梯。

下面我给你们介绍介绍故宫吧!北京故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心。今天人们称它为故宫，意为过去的皇宫。它是明朝皇帝朱棣征调无数能工巧匠，用了20xx年时间建成的宏伟建筑。故宫占地72万平方米，共有房屋9000多间，是世界上规模最大、保存最完好的古代皇宫建筑群。宫殿沿着一条南北走向的中轴线排列，左右对称，布局严整。故宫外沿还有4个门，正门名午门、东门名东华门、西门名西华门、北门名神武门。外朝最引人注意的是三座大殿:太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，我也不细细介绍了，过一会儿你们可以自由游赏。

绕过三大殿，我们到了故宫的后半部分，以乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫为中心，东西两侧有东六宫和西六宫，主要是皇帝和后妃居住的地方。与外朝建筑的雄伟壮丽不同，内廷非常富有生活气息。其中乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，坤宁宫在明朝是皇后的寝宫。走完了坤宁宫，我们到了后面的御花园，这里是专供皇帝和后妃休息、游玩的场所，园内有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木和玲珑别致山石。

好了，我的介绍到这儿结束了，你们可以随意游赏，17:30分后从东门的东华门出来集合。请注意不要在园内乱扔垃圾、随意刻写，祝你们旅途愉快!

绝大多数来北京的游人，尤其是初游者，都会把故宫当作必去之处。故宫又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是古老中国的标志和象征。悠久的历史给这里留下大规模的珍贵建筑和无数文物，也成为今天游玩故宫的主要看点。

故宫是中国乃至世界上保存最完整，规模最大的木质结构古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫和俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。其建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。以乾清门为界，乾清门以南为外朝，以北为内廷，两部分的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝也称为“前朝”，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。尤其太和殿，即影视剧里常说的“金銮殿”，是整个皇宫的绝对中心，不可错过。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，以及东西两侧的东六宫和西六宫，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所，也就是俗称的“三宫六院”。

故宫内珍藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计有上百万件，占全国文物总数的六分之一。以文物的种类不同，分为多个展馆，综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆等展馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等。其中尤以位于宁寿宫区域的珍宝馆和位于奉先殿的钟表馆最为引人注目，钟表馆每天11点和14点有钟表演示，在此可以看到清王朝珍藏的各种造型奇特独具匠心的珍奇机械钟表，不可错过。

珍宝馆：位于宁寿宫区域，分养心殿(第一室)、乐寿堂(第二室)、颐和轩(第三室)三处，馆藏珍宝极其丰富，涵盖佛教用品、饰品、日用器具和赏玩珍品等，这些珍宝大都选用金、银、玉、翠、珍珠及各种宝石等名贵材质，并征调各地著名匠师设计制造。竭尽巧思，不惜工本，其工艺代表了当时的最高水平。其中高14厘米的红珊瑚狮子、长137厘米的东珠朝珠、17.5厘米高的金“奉天之宝”玺等，都是难得一见的珍品。

钟表馆：位于宫中奉先殿。展出的钟表以英国产品居多，亦有法国、瑞士等其它西方国家的钟表。清宫内设置的做钟处奉旨制造钟表以供宫中之用。同时，清代广州、苏州等地制造的钟表精品，也被贡入内廷。这些钟表除计时功能外，还利用机械联动原理，使上面装饰的人物、鸟兽、花卉等不断变化，做出各种动作，堪称精巧。其中高达231厘米的铜镀金写字人钟、87厘米高的铜镀金嵌珐琅葫芦顶渔樵耕读钟、铜镀金转花跑人犀牛驮表等最为珍奇。

大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫，很高兴能为大家服务，我是本次大家旅程的导游韩铭，大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在，大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明、清两代的皇宫，现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁，还分布着许多殿宇，也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线，就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等，收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计，有102653件，其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上，每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天，永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊，这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天，一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子，觉着笼子非常奇怪，就走过去看了看，一数，这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此，就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客，我们今天的游览马上就要结束了，对我今天的讲解，欢迎您提出意见和建议，我深表感谢。最后，祝大家玩得开心!谢谢