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故宫三百字导游词【精彩20篇】

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北京故宫导游词详细版

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 534 字

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各位游客们,大家好!我是本次带你们去北京故宫三日游的导游,我姓林,名雨欣,你们可以叫我小林。我先说一下这次去故宫三日游的行程,上午,我们就在故宫外沿看一看,可以拍一些照片。中午12点左右去北京故宫旅游导游词餐厅吃饭,吃晚饭后,我们进入故宫内部,下午五点左右到餐厅吃完晚饭后,去故宫博物馆------希望各位游客能配合工作人员:不要乱扔垃圾,不损坏文物,讲文明。

北京故宫,又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心,今天人们称它为故宫,意为过去的皇宫。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作,世界现存最大,最完整的古建筑群,被誉为世界五大宫之首,其中有北京故宫,法国凡尔赛宫,英国白金汗宫,美国白宫,俄罗斯克里姆林宫。

依照中国古代星象学说,紫徽坛(即北极星)位于中天,乃天帝所居,无人对应,所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取地位后,决定迁都北京,即开始营造这座故宫,至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年,幸亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制——清王朝,1920xx年逊帝傅仪被逐出宫。

这次旅游故宫很愉快,大家玩的一定很愉快吧,本次行程到此结束,如果下次有机会的话,希望大家还来找我当导游,最后我想送大家一句话:保护文物人人有责。让我们举起楥手,一起来维护美丽宏伟有丰富历史的故宫。

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篇1:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 251 字

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请大家跟着我的脚步,我们面前的就是著名的故宫博物院。好,跨进这个大门,我们就来到故宫到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿,民间俗称“金銮殿”。

它建于明永乐十八年也就是1420xx年,清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建,大家猜猜太和殿高多少,面积多少呢?没错,它高35米左右,面积有2377平方米,差不多有55间教室那么大,由72根大柱支撑着全部重量,是故宫中最高大建筑。你们瞧!里面装饰得金碧辉煌,正中间一个有宝座,宝座并置于6根盘龙金柱之间,以突出帝王唯我独尊的地位。九龙宝座用楠木雕龙涂金而成,可精致了!

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篇2:导游词的北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 964 字

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各位游客大家好,我是您们的导游员小宋,今天我们要去的景点是故宫,现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城,而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中,是天上皇帝所居住的地方,称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子,所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严,不许庶民百姓接近,是绝对的禁地,又称为禁宫,所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门,分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门,因为在罗盘上,上午的代表正南,所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型,从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台,正中的墩台上面有门楼,两侧还设有钟鼓亭,东西两侧突出的部分叫观,上部各有廊庑13间,两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代,这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门,两侧都有掖门,这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途:中门是皇帝专用的,或者皇帝大婚的时候,皇后可以从这里入宫,科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时,文武百官走左门,宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开,三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门,外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候,考生分单双号,从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门,我们首先看到的就是内金水河,它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场,上边还有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是建筑和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门,就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫,都要在太和门换车,而且皇帝大婚的时候,皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事:在光绪皇帝大婚前夕,太和门突然被火烧毁了,可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过,所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠,连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门,才使得婚礼如期进行,而在第二年,太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场,它面积有3万多平方米,在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

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篇3:2024关于沈阳故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2852 字

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沈阳故宫是中国现存的两座古代帝王宫殿之一,也是举世仅存的满族风格宫殿建筑群,具有很高的历史价值、文化价值和艺术价值。20__年,联合国教科文组织正式将沈阳故宫列入《世界遗产名录》。

沈阳故宫位于沈阳老城中心,初建时叫“盛京宫阙”,清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”,并被尊为“国初圣迹”。 它始建于1625年(后金天命十年),基本建成于1636年(崇德元年),是清太祖努尔哈赤和太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也在这里继位称帝,改元顺治,并于当年入关,统治全国。清王朝入主中原后,康熙、乾隆、嘉庆、道光等皇帝曾先后10次“东巡”盛京祭祖,都到此“恭瞻”,或驻跸处理朝政和举行盛大庆典,并有所扩建。沈阳故宫是清王朝定鼎中原前在东北地区的统治中心,也是清统一全国后东北地区的政治和经济中心。最后完成于1783年(乾隆48年)。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,全部建筑100余所500多间。按其布局分为三部分,即东路、中路和西路。东路建筑为努尔哈赤时期所建,有浓郁的民族特色;中路建筑主要是皇太极时期所建,曾演绎过许多历史故事;西路建筑建于清乾隆年间,以储藏《四库全书》而闻名。

[东路]

沈阳故宫东路建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭。从建筑形式上看,它们都是“亭子式”建筑,好像11座“帐殿”依次排列在广阔的广场中。这种建筑形式脱胎于女真民族戎马生涯中的帐殿,是游牧民族“帐殿”制在皇宫建筑上的反映。 大政殿俗称八角殿,又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”。它外高18米,是一座八角重檐攒尖顶“亭子式”建筑。大政殿作为17世纪初的建筑杰作,融汇了满、汉、蒙、藏等多民族建筑的艺术风格,是沈阳故宫最著名的建筑之一。

十王亭又称“八旗亭”,在广场两侧呈八字形排开,每边5个。从北自南,东边分别为左翼王亭,镶黄、正白、镶白、正蓝旗亭;西边为右翼王亭,正黄、正红、镶红、镶蓝旗亭。左右翼王亭是当时左右翼王办公的地方。八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方,也是在大政殿举行朝会和典礼时各旗官员集结之处。这种建筑形式是以八旗制度为核心的军政体制在宫殿建筑上的反映。(八旗制度是一种军政合一,兵民一体的政治制度)

[中路]

中路的宫殿,中轴线上由南至北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。进入大清门,就进入了中路的第一进院落,东有飞龙阁,西有翔凤阁。它们都是两层,为五间九檩硬山式建筑,里面陈列着乾隆东巡时带到沈阳故宫的乐器。

大清门俗称午门,也是就故宫的正门,为五间硬山式建筑,是当时文武群臣侯朝的地方,也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年,明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后,就是跪在大清门前谢罪和请降,受到皇太极接见的。

崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称“金銮殿”,崇德元年定名为“崇政殿”,是沈阳故宫中路最重要的建筑。是清太宗皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。这里曾发生过许多重大历史事件。1636年(天聪十年),皇太极在这里举行登基大典,改国号为“大清”;1644年(顺治元年)清迁都北京后,历代皇帝东巡驻跸期间都要在这里举行谒陵礼成大典。

崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,它最有特点的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦带绿剪边,现在殿内陈设的是按照乾隆东巡时的面貌设置的。贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金

龙宝座,是皇权至高无上的象征;

殿外月台上东南角有“日晷”,它是利用太阳的投影和地球自转的原理,借指针所产生的阴影的位置来显示时间的;西南角有“嘉量亭”,它是我国古代的标准量器,含有统一度量衡的意义,象征国家的统一和强盛。月台上还有四口大缸,都盛满清水以防火灾。古代称它们是“门海”,象征缸中水多似海,可镇火灾,所以又称“吉祥缸”。

眼前这座建筑就是凤凰楼,处于“前朝后寝”的中间,建在3.8米高的青砖台基上,是一座三层歇山式建筑,原名叫翔凤楼,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。清入关后,曾用以存放帝王的画像、行乐图及清初皇帝的玉玺。凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾,是乾隆皇帝的御笔,意识是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的,表达了清代皇帝对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。下层的门洞是连接台上、台下的通道。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是当时盛京最高的建筑,所以有“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称,并被列为盛京八景之一。 第三进院落南起凤凰楼,北至清宁宫,东西各有二宫,是一组典型的北方四合院建筑。这就是皇太极的后宫,为皇太极和后妃们的住所。

清宁宫原叫“正宫”,为五间硬山式前后廊式建筑,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔及吉特氏的寝宫,称“暖阁”;寝宫分为南北两室,各有火炕,又称“龙床”。1643年(崇德八年)皇太极就在南炕上“端坐无疾而终”,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。西侧三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,称为“万字炕”,是帝后日常饮食起居及会见、宴请亲眷的厅堂。门开在东面第二间南面,形如口袋,称为“口袋房”。清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面,从地面垒砌,略低于房脊,从正面看不见,非常的有特点,一会绕过去就能看到。其“口袋房、万字炕、烟囱出在地面上”的布局,反映了满族民居独特的建筑风格。

索伦干在清宁宫正门前的庭院南端,满族人称它为“神杆”。木杆下方上圆,底部镶有石座,顶端安有锡斗,全部用红漆涂染。它是满族人用来祭天用的。祭天时,在锡斗内放上五谷杂粮或猪的杂碎,以敬乌鸦,这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念,据说也和乌鸦救主的观念有关。

清宁宫两侧的东西配宫,都是皇太极和妃子们的居住之所。东配宫有关雎宫,衍庆宫,西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。四宫中以永福宫最为著名,1638年(崇德三年),清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。

[西路]

沈阳故宫西路是为了适应皇帝东巡的需要而增建的一组建筑,主要有文溯阁、戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋,套院相接,多而不乱,有较浓的文化气息。

文溯阁建于1781年(乾隆四十六年)至1783年(乾隆四十八年),为西路建筑中的主体建筑,是仿照明代浙江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的,专门用来收藏乾隆时期的编撰的大型图书《四库全书》,也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一。阁名是乾隆钦定的,因位于其“祖宗发祥之地”盛京,所起取“溯源求本”之意名为“文溯阁”。《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部,结构严谨,是我国古典文献中的珍贵遗产,对弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。《四库全书》共缮写7部,其中一部就藏在“文溯阁”。1966年10月,基于备战考虑,辽宁省将《四库全书》等秘密运至兰州,有移交到甘肃省图书馆保存。 文溯阁是硬山式建筑,面阔6间,外面看是重檐2层,在里面看则是3层,明显带有江南建筑的风格样式。与沈阳故宫的其它建筑不同,文溯阁顶盖上用的

是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边,这在沈阳故宫中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说,和代表水,书最忌火,以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。

文溯阁后为仰熙斋,是皇帝读书之所。阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂,左右有出廊,南面有戏台,是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。

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篇4:沈阳故宫导游词英文版

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1006 字

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大家好!我是小吴,这天由我来带领大家游览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1620xx年),建成于清崇德元年(1636年),是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也曾在那里继位,改元“顺治”、并于当年入关,统治全中国。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,全部建筑计300多间,共组成20多个院落。按其布局,可分为东路、中路和西路三大部分。我们计划游用三个小时的时光去游览,此刻我们已将到了,大家下车,先听我说几句。

首先,我告诉大家,注意的事项。第一,大家要紧跟我身后,不要走丢了。第二,要在规定的时光内集合,如果找不到了,请拨打我的手机。第三,不要乱扔东西,讲卫生。第四,持续安静,不要大喊大叫。好了,出发了。

沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于北京故宫的最完整的皇宫建筑。在建筑艺术上承袭了中国古代建筑的传统,集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体,具有很高的历史和艺术价值。

大家看,这座占地六万平方米的古建筑群始建于620xx年,建成于1636年,全部建筑90余所,300余间。清朝进关后对盛京皇宫又进行了保护和扩建,到乾隆时基本构成今日规模。

大家看,沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿,排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕口袋房的清宁宫,古朴典雅的文朔阁,以及凤凰楼等高台建筑。在中国宫殿建筑史上,绝无仅有;那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的建筑风格,更是“别无分号”。

沈阳老城内的大街号“井”字形,故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中心,占地6万平方米,现有古建筑114座。主要建筑有大政殿,十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。大政殿是用来举行诸如颁布诏书、军队出征、迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等大典的地方。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。这种君臣合署办事于宫廷的现象,体现了创业初期君臣平等的历史,也是从打天下到坐天下的君臣平等的延续。到了入关后,从北京故宫开始,这种平等被逐渐打破,最终构成了高高在上的君王。

中间高耸的建筑是沈阳故宫里唯一的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通道汇聚到这个烟囱里,这是他们一统天下的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级,最上方一级只有三块砖构成。导游说,这个一统天下的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语:清朝共有11位皇帝,最后的宣统帝只做了三年江山,就是那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在修建这个一统天下烟囱的时候,如果早知如此,肯定会加多几层吧?!

下方,请大家自由参观。三个小时后在那里准时集合。

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篇5:优质的沈阳故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3405 字

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游客朋友们:

大家好!首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎!今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年(1620xx年)是清太祖迁都之际草创,清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太极建成。1644年,大清迁都北京,“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿,距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中,它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地,也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座,由20多个院落组成,总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。

中路:是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门,也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫,它们都排列在一条中轴线上,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方,也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后,就从此门进入,受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙,祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方,因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上,台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年(1632年),崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,南北辟有隔扇门,前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃,十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水,梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘,给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛,前是金龙蟠柱,柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座,宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台,月台东南角有日晷,西南有嘉量亭,都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸,都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”,来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾,所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷,所以每到冬天,就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方,1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后,历代皇帝东巡时,都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前,东西各有五间厢楼,东为飞龙阁,西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落,院正北有一座高约4米的高台,台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼,直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户,也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成,康熙二十年重修。楼为三层,是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间,周围有回廊,下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出,极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的“紫气东来”金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

过了凤凰楼就是太宗皇帝皇太极的后宫了。正中是清宁宫,清宁宫原叫“正宫”,是五间十一檩硬山式建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫,称暖阁。正中隔一间璧,把寝宫分为南北两室,南北室各有火炕,又称“龙床”。1643年皇太极就在南室“端座无疾而终”,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。西四间为皇帝祭神、行礼的神堂。清宁宫庭院的东南角有一根朱红色木杆,木杆顶端有锡斗,这木杆叫索伦杆,满族人称它为神杆。锡斗内放米谷碎肉来喂乌鸦。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫,东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫;西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起,低于屋背的烟囱,人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中,我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点:一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低,清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前,满族是一个牧猎民族,受生活习惯的影响,把居住的地方建在高处,以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

清宁宫高台之后是“后苑”,也叫“御花园”,内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑,是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有“东所”、“西所”。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处,也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的,它为卷棚式建筑,是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体,两侧辅以方亭十座,称“十王亭”。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期,是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基,周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有“斧头眼”式隔扇门,内外排柱40根,正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊,正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花,梁架上用“和玺”彩绘,上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方,1643年清世祖福临在此即位。

大政殿前,正中是宽阔的甬道,两侧以八字形排列着十座方亭,这就是“十王亭”。从北至南,东边是左翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭、正白旗亭;西边是右翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、镶红旗亭、正蓝旗亭、镶白旗亭。这是当年八旗首领固山额真和左右统辖八旗的亲王贝勒办公的地方。八旗制度在清王朝的军事政治及社会制度,民事管理等等很多方面都占有极为重要的地位,发挥着巨大的作用。大政殿与十王亭构成了一组亭子式院落建筑,它是清入关前八旗制度在宫殿建筑上的反映。设计者从局部建筑直至整体布局,处处突出“八”字。这种把军政制度巧妙地融合在建筑艺术中的做法,真可算是构思独特、别具匠心。

西路:以文溯阁为主体,前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂,后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁于乾隆年间兴建而成,是仿明代渐江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”所建。为面阔六间二楼三层硬山式建筑,顶盖为黑琉璃瓦绿剪边。根据五行八卦之说,黑是代表水,文溯阁是专为存贮清代大百科全书《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》而建的。书最忌火,以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。文溯阁东有方形碑亭一座,内立石碑一块。碑阳面为乾隆帝撰写的《文溯阁记》,阴面为《宋孝宗论》。文溯阁东南宫门外有嘉荫堂,它与南面的戏台连成一个院落,是专为皇帝准备的娱乐场所。西路建筑除文溯阁外,其它建筑用卷棚式屋顶,显得十分别致,富有江南风韵。

沈阳故宫是清代遗存下来的最早一组宫殿建筑群,它是国家级重点文物保护单位,希望大家有机会来观光这座气派非凡的帝王宫殿。谢谢大家。

紫气东来,出自传说“老子过函谷关”的故事。传说当年函谷关令尹喜梦到次日清晨老子要路过函谷关,于是第二天天没亮清扫庭院,登上城楼。不久,果然老子骑着青牛,在冉冉紫气萦绕下,伴着仙乐来到此地,为他写了“五千字文”,这便是道教圣典《道德经》。乾隆皇帝题写的“紫气东来”含意是大清帝国是始于东方的盛京皇宫。今天,有没有圣人来呢?请大家向东方看一看那吉祥的云彩吧……

传说:早年,努尔哈赤在明朝总兵李成梁手下做勤务兵时,因他脚下长有红痣,认为他是未来夺取大明江山,有帝王之相者,便要除掉他。努尔哈赤闻讯仓皇逃跑,李率兵疾追,就在即将发现他时,一群乌鸦落在他的身上,在乌鸦的掩护下,才得以生还。努尔哈赤数年后成为后金之主,为感谢乌鸦救命之恩,告喻全族,永不屠鸦。所以索伦杆饲鸦便延续下来。

八旗制是由努尔哈赤组建起来的,努尔哈赤25岁开始了他用兵图谋霸业的戌马生涯。随着势力的壮大,努尔哈赤想建立一支强大而管理有序的军队,于是想到了民间自发产生的组织“牛录”这种形式。他在1620xx年组建了军队,把每300个战士组成一个“牛录”,每个“牛录”,打一种颜色的旗,这就是八旗的雏形。1620xx年后金建军的这一年,他又将4个“牛录”改为8个,在原来4种颜色的旗的基础上,各镶上不同颜色的边,成了8色旗,又把5个“牛录”组成一个“甲喇”,把5个“甲喇”组成一个“固山”,“固山”在汉语里的意思是旗,于是真正意义上的八旗便诞生了。

(本文素材来源于网络,如有侵权,请联系删除。)

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篇6:北京故宫建筑导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:建筑,导游,全文共 478 字

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现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫,又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群,为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年),厉时十四年才完工,共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米,共有宫殿9000多间,都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统,显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。我们到了,大家请下车。您看,这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿:太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上,远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙,都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,金碧辉煌的彩画,。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,俗称“金銮殿”,是皇帝举行大典的地方,殿高28米,东西63米,南北35米,柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上,前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎,后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌, 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

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篇7:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3965 字

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各位游客大家好,我是旅行社的导游员,我姓宋,在接下来的几天当中,我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景,希望通过我的讲解,能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象,同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好,现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米,其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米,南北长961米,东西宽753米,周围有10米高的城墙环绕,还有宽52米的护城河,在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计,故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久,在永乐四年,也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段,第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料,而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年,1417年六月开始动工兴建,历时14年,在永乐十八年,1420年完工。在建造过程中,征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人,而建筑材料都来自全国各地,比如汉白玉石来北京房山,金砖来自苏州,石灰来自河北易州,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山,殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清,松木多来自东北,而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地,可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的,布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制:前朝后寝,左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分,南半部位前朝,北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼,是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心,外东路、外西路的建筑为主,是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的:在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙,西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫,其中明朝14位,清朝10位,统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体,所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中,成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线,被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线,全长8.5公里,南起永定门,北到钟楼,其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉,线上的景山是内城的中心点,也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城,而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中,是天上皇帝所居住的地方,称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子,所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严,不许庶民百姓接近,是绝对的禁地,又称为禁宫,所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门,分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门,因为在罗盘上,上午的代表正南,所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型,从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台,正中的墩台上面有门楼,两侧还设有钟鼓亭,东西两侧突出的部分叫观,上部各有廊庑13间,两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代,这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门,两侧都有掖门,这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途:中门是皇帝专用的,或者皇帝大婚的时候,皇后可以从这里入宫,科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时,文武百官走左门,宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开,三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门,外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候,考生分单双号,从东西掖门中通过。

在太和门两旁还有两道门,就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫,都要在太和门换车,而且皇帝大婚的时候,皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事:在光绪皇帝大婚前夕,太和门突然被火烧毁了,可是大婚当后要从这里经过,所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠,连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门,才使得婚礼如期进行,而在第二年,太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场,它面积有3万多平方米,在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了,它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上,台基南北长230米,高8.13米,在四周围还建有一些楼阁,其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑,面积有2377平方米,通高35.05米,面阔11间,进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候,这里市面阔9间,进深5间的大殿,到了清朝年间,将它改为了现在的大小,其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的,不能作为正殿使用,所以实际上还市面阔9间,进深5间,同时,也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的:“保合大和”,而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸,强调了君臣之间,人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻,往下还有11个垂脊兽,在我国古代,异兽的数量越多,代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑,当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱,上面支撑了藻井,再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙,龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星,意思就是轩辕黄帝之星,也是掌管雷雨之星,在殿顶上建有藻井,一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人,第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也非常的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物,清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候,曾经将它换成了一个中西合璧,不伦不类类似沙发的座椅,解放以后,专家们在家具库中发现了原来的宝座,经过一年多的整修,终于恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多,上面设有屏风,宝座等,在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候,就要点燃檀香,烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象,身上驼着宝瓶,里面放有五谷,寓意天下太平,吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地,稳如泰山,象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端,是传说中的一种神兽,象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟,象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的,放在殿中,象征着国家安定。

在太和殿外还有很多的陈设。日 :是我国古代的计时器,在此处标准的北京时间

中和殿在明朝的时候曾经叫做华盖殿和中极殿,在顺治年间改为中和殿,取自《礼记·中庸》“中也者,天下之大本也;和也者,天下之达道也。”殿名体现了儒家的中庸思想在明清两代举行大潮礼的时候,皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前,都要在中和殿稍作休息,接受官员朝贺。在遇到重大祭典的时候,还要在前一日阅览祝文或者检查种子农具。清朝规定每十年都要修一次皇室的家谱,也就是玉牒,在修订好以后,就要在中和殿内让皇帝阅览,并举行存放仪式。

过了中和殿,我们就来到了保和殿,明朝这里曾经叫做谨身殿,建极殿,顺治年间改为中和殿,名称来源与太和殿相同,都是保合大和之意。保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候,在举行册立大典的时候,皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底,还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝的时候,每逢正月十五,除夕,也都要在此举行宴会。而且这里还是清朝举行殿试的地方。在保和殿后,有一个巨大的云龙石雕,是艾叶青石雕刻而成的。清朝乾隆年间,将原来明代所雕刻的花纹去掉,重新雕琢。石雕高16.57米,宽3.07米,厚1.7米,重达200多吨。在石雕四周都是卷草纹,下端是海水江牙纹,中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美,是难得的石雕珍品。这块石头是来自北京的房山,搬动这块石头的时候动用了很多的人力物力。不过这块石头为什么会在保和殿后面,史料上是没有记载的,根据专家推测,可能是因为这块石头运过来以后就放在这里,想要重新移动非常的困难,所以就放在了这里。

游览完了前三殿,就来到了后寝区的正门乾清门。在后寝区有15宫,专家认为,这与天文学中的紫薇垣和八卦都有象征性的关系。

在清朝康熙年间,乾清门就是举行御门听政的地方,而在西侧还有一排连房,就是军机处,他是在雍正年间设立的,直到辛亥革命爆发的时候才被废除。军机处是一个非常重要的机构,凌驾于内阁之上,但是当时为了防止泄密事件的发生,督察院每天都要派御史到军机处旁边的内务府值班,监视这里的活动。

现在大家看到的就是乾清宫了。乾清二字取自唐代韩愈《六合圣德诗》中的诗句:“乾清坤夷”,意思就是天下清和,各地平安。在明朝和清朝初年,皇帝的寝宫一直都是这里,到了雍正皇帝以后,就挪到了养心殿,从此,乾清宫九成了皇帝听政的地方。在每年过节的时候,皇帝都要在乾清宫举行庆典活动,清朝康熙乾隆年间,还在宫内举行了“千叟宴”。而且“康熙智擒鳌拜”的故事也发生在这里。而且皇帝死后,必须要在这里停灵,祭奠15日,表示寿终正寝,之后才可以转移到其他地方。在乾清宫内正中设有金漆宝座,后面还有屏风,上面刻有先帝的圣训。在宝座上方还高悬着“正大光明”的匾额。在雍正皇帝即位以后,对于争夺皇位的种种弊病,他发布了秘密立储的上谕,从而改变了封建王朝公开册礼太子的制度。此后,皇帝亲自写储君谕旨两份,一份儿放在这块正大光明的匾额后边,另一份儿则自己藏起来。在皇帝去世以后,拿出两份诏书核对无误以后,即可生效。

在乾清宫的后边就是交泰殿,取自《易经》中的天地交泰,象征着帝后生活和谐。在殿中央放有25颗宝玺,上方高悬着康熙皇帝御书、乾隆临摹的“无为”匾额。东侧陈设着我国古代人民发明的计时器——铜壶滴漏,西侧陈设着大自鸣钟一座。此在,在每年皇后的生日,皇后都要在交泰殿接受庆贺礼,就连皇太后还有皇帝都要来这里庆贺。在每年皇后到先蚕坛举行仪式的前一天都要在这里检阅采桑工具。

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篇8:介绍故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 692 字

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各位来自世界各地的游客们,你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫,我是来自南昌的导游甜心_公主,下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城,地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年,也就是此刻说的1406年至1420年,之后经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改,变的十分的富丽堂皇,但仍持续着原先的布局和规模,是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等,主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等,名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造,此刻该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门,南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门,西为西华门,四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米,够宽的吧!长3800米,整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局,层次分明,主次有序。听完了一以上那些,你就应对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不明白把,连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿,武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方,武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝,是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所,平均面积宽九间,为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群,占地面积有达8。5万平方米,是宫城的12%,后三供则为前三殿的25%,期于宫殿依次递减,主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位,已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

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篇9:北京故宫导游词1500字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1708 字

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故宫位于北京市中心,旧称紫禁城。是明、清两代的皇宫,无与伦比的古代建筑杰作,世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。故宫始建于公元1406,1420年基本竣工,是明朝皇帝始建。故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积约为725,000平方米。建筑面积15.5万平方米。相传故宫一共有9999.5间房子,实际据1973年专家现场测量故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8704间。宫城周围环绕着高12米,长3400米的宫墙,形式为一长方形城池,墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕,形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。

午门是故宫博物院的正门。因古代的风水术士将方位分为24个,其中正南方为午位,此门位于正南方为午位,故称午门。

故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,也称为“前朝”。是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。

故宫太和殿位于北京故宫博物院,是故宫外廷三大殿中最大的一座,也是故宫中最大的宫殿。民间俗称“金銮殿”,位于故宫南北中轴线的显要位置。建于明永乐十八年(1420年)。清康熙三十四年(1695年)重建。殿高35.05米,面积2377平方米,共55间,72根大柱,是故宫中最高大的建筑。太和殿是举行大典的地方,明清两代皇帝登极、宣布即位诏书,皇帝大婚,册立皇后,命将出征,每年元旦、冬至、万寿(皇帝生日)等节日都要在此受百官的朝贺及赐宴。?明清两朝24个皇帝都在太和殿举行盛大典礼,如皇帝登极即位、皇帝大婚、册立皇后、命将出征,此外每年过大节,皇帝在此接受文武官员的朝贺,并向王公大臣赐宴。

中和殿,故宫外朝三大殿之一,位于紫禁城太和殿、保和殿之间。始建于明永乐十八年,明初称华盖殿,重修后改称中极殿,现天花内构件上仍遗留有明代“中极殿”墨迹。清顺治元年,改为中和殿。“中和”二字是说,凡事要做到不偏不倚,恰如其分才能使用各方关系得到和顺,其意在于宣扬“中庸之道”。

保和殿于明清两代用途不同,明代大典前皇帝常在此更衣,册立皇后,太子时,皇帝常在此受贺。清代每年除夕、正月十五,皇帝赐宴外藩、王公及一二品大臣,场面十分壮观。赐额驸之父、有官职家属宴及每科殿试等均于保和殿举行。每岁终,宗人府、吏部在保和殿填写宗室满、蒙、汉军以及各省汉职外藩世职黄册。

内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心,东、西六宫、斋宫,后有御花园。是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。内廷东部的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝退位后养老而修建。内廷西部有慈宁宫、寿安宫等。此外还有重华宫,北五所等建筑。

乾清宫是明清两代皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。它是后三宫之首,位于乾清门内。“乾”是“天”的意思,“清”是“透彻”的意思,一是象征透彻的天空,不浑不浊,象征国家安定;二是象征皇帝的所作所为象清澈的天空一样坦荡,没有干任何见不得人的事。

坤宁宫是北京故宫内廷后三宫之一,坤宁宫在交泰殿后面,乾清宫代表阳性,坤宁宫代表阴性,以表示阴阳结合,天地合壁之意。

交泰殿殿名取自《易经》,含"天地交合、康泰美满"之意。是皇帝和后妃们?起居生活的地方,交泰殿为皇后千秋节受庆贺礼的地方,是皇后生日时接受庆贺礼的地方。清朝,于此殿贮清二十五宝玉玺,每方玉玺都有专门的用途。每年正月,由钦天监选择吉日吉时,设案开封陈宝,皇帝来此拈香行礼。清世祖鉴于明代宦官专权的教训,规定宦官不得干预朝政,所立“内宫不许干预政事”的铁牌曾立于此殿。皇帝大婚时,皇后的册立、宝安设殿内左右案上。交泰殿每年春季祀先蚕,皇后先一日在此查阅采桑的用具。

现在我们所在的是神武门,是故宫的北门,神武门原来叫玄武门,清代康熙年间重修时,为了避康熙皇帝玄烨的讳,改名为神武门。大家看到的故宫博物院这五个字是我国著名的文学家诗人,郭沫若先生所提,那么我们今天的旅游就结束啦,谢谢大家对我工作的支持,欢迎大家下次来故宫参观。

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篇10:介绍故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3124 字

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各位游客大家好,我是__旅行社的导游员,我姓宋,在接下来的几天当中,我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景,期望透过我的讲解,能够是您对北京留下十分完美的印象,同时也期望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好,此刻我们就开始这天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米,其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米,南北长961米,东西宽753米,周围有10米高的城墙环绕,还有宽52米的护城河,在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计,故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久,在永乐四年,也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段,第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料,而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年,1417年六月开始动工兴建,历时14年,在永乐十八年,1420年完工。在建造过程中,征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人,而建筑材料都来自全国各地,比如汉白玉石来北京房山,金砖来自苏州,石灰来自河北易州,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山,殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清,松木多来自东北,而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地,可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的,布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制:前朝后寝,左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分,南半部位前朝,北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼,是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心,外东路、外西路的建筑为主,是皇帝处

理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的:在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙,西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫,其中明朝14位,清朝10位,统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体,所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中,成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。此刻在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线,被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线,全长8.5公里,南起永定门,北到钟楼,其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉,线上的景山是内城的中心点,也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城,而它的名称是怎样得来的呢我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中,是天上皇帝所居住的地方,称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子,所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严,不许庶民百姓接近,是绝对的禁地,又称为禁宫,所以那里也被叫做紫禁城。那里共有四道门,分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门,因为在罗盘上,上午的代表正南,所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型,从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台,正中的墩台上面有门楼,两侧还设有钟鼓亭,东西两侧突出的部分叫观,上部各有廊庑13间,两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代,那里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门,两侧都有掖门,这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途:中门是皇帝专用的,或者皇帝大婚的时候,皇后能够从那里入宫,科考三甲也能够从那里入宫;平时,文武百官走左门,宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开,三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别透过东西掖门,外国使节要从西掖

门才能够入宫;在殿试的时候,考生分单双号,从东西掖门中透过。

进入午门,我们首先看到的就是内金水河,它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场,上边还有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是建筑和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门,就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫,都要在太和门换车,而且皇帝大婚的时候,皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事:在光绪皇帝大婚前夕,太和门突然被火烧毁了,但是大婚当天皇后要从那里经过,所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠,连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门,才使得婚礼如期进行,而在第二年,太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场,它面积有3万多平方米,在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

此刻我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了,它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上,台基南北长230米,高8.13米,在四周围还建有一些楼阁,其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑,面积有2377平方米,通高35.05米,面阔11间,进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候,那里市面阔9间,进深5间的大殿,到了清朝年间,将它改为了此刻的大小,其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的,不能作为正殿使用,所以实际上还市面阔9间,进深5间,同时,也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的:“保合大和”,而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸,强调了君臣之间,人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻,往下还有11个垂脊兽,在我国古代,异兽的数量越多,代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑,当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱,上面支撑了藻井,再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙,龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星,意思就是轩辕黄帝之星,也是掌管雷雨之星,在殿顶上建有藻井,一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人,第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也十分的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物,清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候,以前将它换成了一个中西合璧,不伦不类类似沙发的座椅,解放以后,专家们在家具库中发现了原先的宝座,经过一年多的整修,最后恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多,上面设有屏风,宝座等,在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候,就要点燃檀香,烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象,身上驼着宝瓶,里面放有五谷,寓意天下太平,吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地,稳如泰山,象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端,是传说中的一种神兽,象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟,象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的,放在殿中,象征着国家安定。

在太和殿外还有很多的陈设。日:是我国古代的计时器,在此处标准的北京时间

嘉量则是乾隆年间全国的标准化计量器,在乾清宫前也有一个。铜龟铜鹤都是长寿的动物,放置在那里也是寓意长寿。在故宫内有大小水缸308口,用来防火,叫做太平缸。在太和殿外的这两个镏金大缸,重2吨,但是上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。围绕着太和殿,还有一些故事。在1908年12月,四岁的溥仪在太和殿登基,他的父亲跪在宝座下,扶着他,但是溥仪却哭喊着说:“我不再这儿,我要回家,我不再这儿,我要回家。”他的父亲只好说:“别哭了别哭了,快完了。”典礼结束以后,文武百官窃窃私语说这不是个好兆头。果不其然,三年以后,孙中山先生领导辛亥革命胜利推翻了清王朝,结束了中国的封建帝制。但是在1915年,袁窃取了辛亥革命的胜利果实,自称“洪宪皇帝”,企图恢复封建社会,还在太和殿搞了登基典礼,把三大殿中匾额上的满文统统去掉了。而且还命令京城内的煤铺把墙上的“元煤”去掉,把元宵改为汤圆。但是他只作了83天的皇帝,就在全国一片倒袁声中死了。

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篇11:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 426 字

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北京故宫,旧称紫禁城,位于北京中轴线的中心,是明清两个朝代的皇宫,是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构的宫殿型建筑。故宫入选了世界文化遗产,是全国重点文物保护单位,国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

北京故宫于明成祖朱棣于西元1420xx年开始建设,明代永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成,曾有24位皇帝在此住过。

故宫被誉为世界五大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫和俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。

20xx年11月23日,北京故宫吉祥物首度对外亮相,该吉祥物源自中国传统的吉祥龙凤形象,分别为龙“壮壮”和凤“美美”。20xx年6月13日,故宫博物院试行限流8万人次和实名制售票。

20xx年为庆祝故宫博物院建立90周年,故宫5大区域18个重要展览集中呈现。

截止20xx年10月,已有2500人上榜故宫“黑名单”。20xx年10月,一度被传为灵异事件高发区的“后宫”,即慈宁宫和寿康宫领衔的西路区域对外开放。同时,故宫首次对外开放1/6的紫禁城城墙。

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篇12:故宫景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3853 字

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各位朋友,穿过午门,现在我们已经进入故宫。故宫中这第一进院落就是太和门广场。首先我们看到是内金水河,它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场,上边有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥。它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河,内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城,沿紫禁城内西侧南流,至武英殿东向,经武英殿门前,再东经涵道至太和门前。又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池,从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥,最后流入午门东侧筒子河,全长2100米。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

跨过金水桥,这片广场曾经是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门,即前朝的正门,初建于明永乐年间,当时叫奉天门,明嘉靖年间改称皇极门,清顺治年后改称太和门。“听政”是指听取政事。明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日,三大殿被大火烧毁,朱棣曾在此御门听政,处理国家朝政。清朝人关后,清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。

太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门,西庑中间的门叫熙和门。太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六和”。在太和门两旁还有两道门,分别为昭德门和贞度门。

过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中最重要的院落——太和殿及其广场。太和殿广场基本呈正方形,整个院落平坦宽阔,气势非凡。中间御路铺以青石,两侧青砖墁地。北有太和殿,南为太和门,东为体仁阁,西为弘义阁,面积约3万平方米,是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。整个广场可容纳近7万人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。

大家请看,远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基,呈“土”字形,俗称“三台”。台基高8.13米,台边缘高7.12米,三层台基间,分列着18尊鼎式香炉。在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头,那些小龙的名字叫“螭”,是传说中一种没有角的龙,这些小龙头实际上是大殿的排水系统。如果仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔,即喷水孔,三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个,每当下大雨的时候,雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出,非常壮观,为宫中一景,被称为“千龙吐水”。三重台基承托着雄伟的三大殿,这就是故宫的中

心建筑——太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形须弥座的南部,各位可以先在这里留个影,然后我们就去参观太和殿。好!现在我们面前这座高台上的宏伟建筑就是太和殿,也就是民间所说的“金銮宝殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿,被视为皇权的象征。太和殿始建于明永乐年间,原名奉天殿,嘉靖年间重建后改称皇极殿。清初顺治年间改称太和殿,康熙年间又两次大规模改造,才有今天我们看到的太和殿的规模。“太和”二字出自《周易·乾·彖辞传》中的“乾道变化,各正性命,保合大和乃利贞。”“太”即大,“和”即和谐。意思是在天道的主宰下,阴阳和合,太和元气常运不息,万物和谐共存。太和殿面阔11间,进深5间,殿高35.05米,面积约2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全国现存的最高、最大、最尊贵的宫殿,也是现存的中国宫殿建筑中规模最大的一座。太和殿在明清两代是举行大朝礼的地方。每逢元旦、冬至、万寿,即皇帝生日这三大节及皇帝登基、大婚、命将出征、金殿传胪等重大活动都要在太和殿举行隆重的庆典。此外,冬至圜丘坛大祀、孟春圜丘坛常雩礼、孟春祁谷坛前一日,皇帝也都要在太和殿阅视祭祀祝版。大家请抬头看太和殿的屋顶,太和殿屋顶是采用古建筑中等级最高的重檐庑殿顶。屋顶正脊上两头的这两大琉璃构件叫大吻,吻上的龙形有镇火的意思。除了装饰性,它的实用功能是密合殿顶正脊和垂脊的交会处,以防风雨侵蚀。这两个大吻高3.4米,宽2.68米,重4.3吨,由13块琉璃构件组成,是现存古建中最大的吻。太和殿殿顶四面坡的筒子瓦上镶有琉璃帽钉两排,垂脊上还有10个垂脊兽,分别是龙、凤、狮、海马、天马、押鱼、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什,脊兽前是骑凤仙人。脊兽和帽钉既有装饰性又有实用性,它们起着固定屋顶琉璃瓦的作用。在我国古代,脊兽的数量依照建筑物的等级高低而不同,数量越多,代表了殿宇等级越高。太和殿的脊兽共有10只,全国只有故宫的太和殿是这样。此外,太和殿装饰用的彩绘也是最高等级的金龙和玺。

现在请大家跟随我一起登上高台来看看太和殿的内部陈设。太和殿由72根巨柱支撑,其中66根大红漆柱分布两侧,6根沥粉贴金蟠龙金柱分列宝座两旁。大殿内的地上是“金砖漫地”,这种金砖主要产于江苏省苏州,是专门为皇宫烧造的细料方砖。之所以叫金砖,是因为这种砖烧制时间130天,质地细密,敲之有金石之声。太和殿内的主要陈设是皇帝的宝座。宝座位于二米高的须弥式地平床上,通体雕以金龙,椅子后面是雕龙金漆的七扇屏风。金銮宝座是明代的遗物,清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁世凯复辟的时候,曾经将它换成了一个西式靠背坐椅。解放以后,专家们在库房内发现了宝座的残件,经过一年多的研究整修,终于恢复了宝座原貌。

现在请大家抬头看,宝座的上方是蟠龙藻井,上圆下方,深1.8米,由上、中、下三部分组成,最下层是方井,中层为八角形,上部为圆形。井内蟠龙俯首向下,龙口衔一个铜胎中空的水银球。这个球被称为轩辕镜,寓意下面宝座上的皇帝是轩辕黄帝的正统继承人。藻井的设置一方面是烘托帝王的尊严,另一方面还有镇火的含义。

好,再来看宝座前方,大家可以看到宝座前设有脚踏、香筒、角端、仙鹤、宝象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的时候用于放置檀香的,通过燃烧着的袅袅的香烟,烘托出一种神秘的气氛。再来看象,身上驼着宝瓶,里面放有五谷,寓意天下太平,吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地,稳如泰山,则象征社会和政权的稳固,称为太平有象。角端,是传说中的一种神兽,象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人看作是一种长寿鸟,象征着江山长存。

看完了太和殿内景,现在,让我们转过头来再来看看殿外的陈设。在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只龙头乌龟和一只铜鹤。龟鹤都是祥瑞长寿的动物,摆在这里有千秋万代的含义。再仔细观察一下,大家可能会发现,龟鹤实际上是香炉,龟鹤背上有一块可以开启的盖子,里面可以放香料,上大朝时燃香用,届时香烟从龟鹤口中逸出,烘托了一种神秘庄严的气氛。此外,在太和殿丹陛的东南角还设有日晷。日晷是我国古代的一种计时器,由晷盘和晷针组成,晷针从晷盘中心垂直穿过。自古以来,皇帝就有向天下颁布历书的责任,所以日晷的设置是国家的重器之一。太和殿西南角设有嘉量,是古代的标准量器,放置在这里象征国家的统一和强盛。这两件陈设象征皇帝在时间上和空间上都是公正无私的,对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。

此外,在太和殿外东西两侧还各有鎏金青铜太平缸两口,每口重约2吨。鎏金是一种金属加工工艺,据说这么大的太平缸需要用黄金100两。不幸的是,上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。现在我们还可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕迹。太平缸的主要用途是储水,以备日常洒扫庭院、防火之用。据记载明朝时有热水处太监在每年的小雪节令,便给缸加盖,缸座底下加铁屉,用来生火,以防止缸内的水结冰,清朝时也是如此。紫禁城内现在共有明清两朝遗留下来的铜质及铁质太平缸308口,其中鎏金铜缸18口。

以上就是太和殿的情况。我刚才说了,太和殿是举行大典的地方,在古代,举行各种大典都要选良辰吉时,那么皇帝在何处等待这历史性时刻的来临呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿,那我们现在就去看看!

中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之间,正处于“土”字形须弥座的中部。殿为方形,四角攒尖,鎏金宝顶。中和殿在明朝初年称为华盖殿,嘉靖年间改称中极殿,顺治年间改为中和殿。“中和”二字取自《礼记·中庸》“中也者,天下之大本也;和也者,天下之达道也。”体现了儒家中庸之道的思想。

在明清两代,凡遇到三大节举行庆典前,皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前,都要在中和殿稍作休息,接受内阁、内大臣、都察院、翰林院官员及侍卫人员的朝贺。如果遇到皇帝亲自参加方泽、太庙、社稷及历代帝王庙、先师孔子、朝日、夕月等重大祭典的时候,皇帝还要提前一天在中和殿阅览祝文以表示恭敬谨慎。每年仲春时节皇帝在去先农坛行耕礼时,也会亲自到中和殿阅览祝文,检查种子和农具。

过了中和殿,我们就来到了保和殿,它位于“土”字形须弥座的后部,为重檐歇山顶。明初永乐年间这里叫做谨身殿,嘉靖时改为建极殿,顺治年间改为中和殿。保和殿名称来源与太和殿相同,意思是统治者应该保持天人合一,维护万物的平衡。

保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候,在举行册立大典的时候,皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底,还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝时,每逢除夕,皇帝在这里举行宴会,宴请外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴请活动也在这里举行。到了乾隆皇帝以后,保和殿又多了一个用途,成为科举考试中殿试的地方。

大家随我往后走,大家看,在保和殿后的台阶上的这块石雕丹陛,是艾叶青石雕刻而成的,石雕四周都是卷草纹,下端是海水江牙纹,中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美,是难得的石雕珍品。这块丹陛石长16.57米,宽3.07米,厚1.7米,重达200多吨,这是紫禁城内最大的一块石雕丹陛,采自北京房山境内的大石窝。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束,现在请大家参观保和殿并稍作休息,我们10分钟后集合,谢谢大家!

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篇13:关于故宫的优秀导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 599 字

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大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫,很高兴能为大家服务,我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭,大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在,大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明、清两代的皇宫,现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇,都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁,还分布着许多殿宇,也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线,就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计,有102653件,其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上,每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼,有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天,永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊,这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天,一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子,觉着笼子非常奇怪,就走过去看了看,一数,这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此,就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客,我们今天的游览马上就要结束了,对我今天的讲解,欢迎您提出意见和建议,我深表感谢。最后,祝大家玩得开心!谢谢

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篇14:北京故宫导游词700字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 561 字

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大家好,我是你们的导游。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首,又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫,是世界上现存最大,最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看,故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量,故宫有打大小院90多座,房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门,它高12米,可想而知,它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看,经过几百年的风吹雨打,它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶,当时,黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场,官员站的位置也很有讲究:文官站右,武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上,会看见精雕细琢的图案,它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾,龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳,是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧,那只黄龙居中,前爪作出环抱的样子,后足分撅海水,龙身弯曲,瞠目张颌,好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰,双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙,好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央,我也要!大家参观时不要摸,这样颜色会脱掉的,爱护文物,从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束,谢谢各位参观,再见!

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篇15:故宫导游词音译英语

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1928 字

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The tourists, everyone! We want to visit is the world-famous ancient buildings - the Forbidden City

The Palace Museum is located in the centre of Beijing, is one of the five palace in the world, also known as "the Forbidden City." Here the emperor had more than twenty, emperor zhu di of the Ming dynasty, was the first one is the last emperor pu yi.

The imperial palace is the most complete ancient building in China, there is a central axis, well versed in the entire palace, palace, after the three main halls, imperial garden in the central axis. Three main halls are taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are in the palace ahead.

The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during, the area is about 2380 square meters, is the area is one of the largest palaces in the Forbidden City. The back of the hall of supreme harmony is zhonghe palace, zhonghe palace there are 29 meters high, inside is a square. Baohe Palace is located in the hall of supreme harmony with zhonghe palace, Baohe Palace 27 meters high, inside is a rectangle, the qianlong era, here is a test area.

Three palace is the palace of heavenly purity, respectively, after the Thai temple and palace of earthly tranquility. Palace of heavenly purity is the place where the emperor lived, palace of earthly tranquility is where the queen lives. This house is not to live, it is also a palace, just and dry cleaning, palace of earthly tranquility together, so called after three palace.

Imperial garden is very big, covering an area of 120xx square meters, accounting for a quarter of the Forbidden City, it near CiNing palace garden, built the garden and tranquility. In this garden, the garden is the biggest of all.

The imperial palace is very beautiful, but visitors will put the food in the bag or other rubbish is thrown to the ground, make the environment of the Forbidden City is poor, we should well protect the beautiful ancient buildings.

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篇16:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 494 字

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各位游客大家好啊!我姓金。大家可以叫我导或金同学都没关系,我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。希望大家能够听我对故宫的解说。

我们现在要去故宫了。故宫可是世界文化的遗产。我们要注意的事项:不能带火种,不能带危险物品:如小刀,剪刀等危险物品。不能有乱扔垃圾,乱涂乱画等不文明的事情。

现在展现在我们面前气势宏伟的古代人民的建筑——故宫,故宫又称紫禁城。故宫的大门是南为午门也就是故宫的正门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门,这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特,造型绚丽的。故宫的石墙上有龙的雕刻,有双龙戏珠,龙腾

虎跃,龙飞凤舞等美丽的图案。全殿面阔11间,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米,殿内净空高达14米,宽63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木结构大殿。我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在大家来到的是保和殿。保和殿是皇帝宴请外藩王公,贵族和京中文武大臣 之处。你们知道乾清宫吗?不知道也没关系,现在我告诉大家乾清宫是明清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。你们看过"还珠格格"这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫拍的。

规划严整,气魄宏伟,壮观美丽,这就是我国的故宫。现在大家可以自由参观了。

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篇17:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 31147 字

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故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

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篇18:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 472 字

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各位游客你好,我是星星旅游社的导游,我姓姚,大家可以叫我小姚。今天,就由我来带领大家游览北京故宫,希望大家能够通过我的讲解,对故宫留下一个美好的印象。现在我们已经到了故宫里,请大家跟我来。

故宫又称“紫荆城”清明的皇宫,也是世界上最大的宫殿,占地72万平方米(长960米、宽750米),建筑面积15万平方米,始建于公元1406,故宫在1420xx年建成,是明朝第皇帝朱始建,设计者样(1397-1481年),字廷瑞,(苏州人),占地面积78万平方米,用30万民工,共建了20xx年,有房屋9999间半,主要建筑是太和殿、中和殿、和保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地方,科举考试的一至三名分别称状元、榜眼、探花。

你看,故宫西路主要包括养心殿和西六宫,内测为永寿宫、翊清宫、诸秀宫,外侧为太极殿、长春殿、咸福宫等。这里是皇帝和后妃居住的地区之一,其中养心殿从雍正至清末,是皇帝居住和处理政务的地方,慈禧太后曾居住于诸秀宫和长春宫。

今天大家玩的开心吗? 通过我的讲解,你对故宫是不是有了一定的了解呢?接下来就可以自由活动,千万要注意安全,好了开始自由活动。

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篇19:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 331 字

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各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游,希望大家通过我的介绍,对北京故宫留下美好的印象,谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心,又称紫禁城,这里曾居住过24位皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫,北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群,总面积在12万多平方米,有殿宇宫室9999间半,其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门,宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙,墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑,也称金銮殿。是皇帝举行大典的地方,殿高28米,东西63米,南北35米,有直径达1米的大柱92根,御座设在殿内高2米的台上,后面有精雕细刻的围屏,整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束,美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临,谢谢!

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篇20:北京故宫导游词700字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 724 字

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“各位先生、女士们,大家好!我姓关名羽潇,是红星闪闪旅行社的一位导游。首先预祝大家旅途愉快!好,此刻大家看我身后的那扇朱红的大门就是故宫的正门了。故宫处在北京市城区中心是明清两代的皇宫,也是当今世界现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿,好了此刻已经到了停车场,先介绍到这儿请大家下车吧!”

各位请看!这便是故宫的正大门午门。它建成于1420年,它的名字是用来斩头的吗?其实它还有一个作用就是在士兵出征之前,们也就是此刻的‘领导’在这儿诸如鼓舞士气并下达命令之类的……,好!那我们就到故宫里面吧。

各位朋友,在我们眼前的就是闻名中外的三大殿:太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。此时先来看看太和殿,它高有33米,从东至西长有64米,从南至北宽有33米,面积为2377平方米。太和殿是在皇帝上早朝和举行盛大典礼的地方,它的规模为紫禁城内大殿第一,正背上的吻兽的体积也是我国目前最大的。总而言之,处处显示它的“第一”的思想体现。看完了太和殿让我们一齐去中和殿。中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面请朋友们自由参观一下当时的国宴厅保和殿。十分钟后我带领大家游览最后一个景点:交泰殿。

大家休息够了吗?此刻我们就去交泰殿,殿里有康熙皇帝的御笔,在北京只有两幅康熙帝的真迹,另一幅就在大和的家恭王府。请看,眼前这一座四角攒尖的建筑物就是交泰殿,我们走进去看一看吧,您们看到后墙扁额上有“无为”二字了吗?那就是康熙御笔,“无为”的意思并不是没有作为,而是期望后代能够以德治国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。

“好了,亲爱的游客朋友们,本次北京故宫之旅就圆满结束了。此时我期望各位若干年之后还能来找我,我必须为大家再次讲解,朋友再见。”我微笑地向游客们告别。

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