英文导游常用语【优秀20篇】

Dear examiners! Hello! Im __X, Im ready to start!

Welcome to Jingdezhen ancient kiln folk custom exhibition area. Im XiaoZhao, the tour guide of the Jingdezhen ancient kiln folk custom exhibition area.Its my great honor to accompany you to the tour. Next, Ill explain theJingdezhen ancient kiln folk custom exhibition area to you.

Style of porcelain capital

Jingdezhen is located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province. It issurrounded by mountains and water. There are plenty of porcelain materials,skilled craftsmen and smooth water transportation for export. It is a naturalporcelain producing area.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a town named Xinping. The name ofJiyi town in Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Jingde (1004 AD), due to thelocal tribute porcelain favored by the royal family, Changnan town was changedto "Jingdezhen". So far, the name of "Jingdezhen" has been used for thousands ofyears.

The prosperity of porcelain industry has brought the prosperity of Commerceand formed the town characteristics with porcelain culture. With Zhushanimperial kiln as the center, Jingdezhen is surrounded by many green houses andkilns. Hongdian, chaihang and porcelain houses are everywhere. Even some commonpeoples homes are built by ceramic wastes such as kiln bricks and saggers. Theold style of "the great town in the south of the Yangtze River" can be seentoday.

Four famous traditional porcelain in Jingdezhen

Jingdezhen porcelain is as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as thin aspaper and as loud as a chime. Among all kinds of porcelain, the most famous blueand white porcelain, such as exquisite blue and white porcelain, colored glazeporcelain and pastel porcelain, is known as "the essence of Chinese culture" and"the treasure of China".

1、 Blue and white porcelain

Blue and white porcelain is one of the most excellent porcelain varietiesin the history of Chinas ceramics. Since its inception, it has always been themainstream product of Jingdezhen porcelain industry, so that it has survived fornearly 800 years. The successful firing of blue and white porcelain is the mostepoch-making event in Chinas ceramic history. Since then, Chinese porcelain hasentered the era of colored porcelain, which makes the combination of Chinesepainting skills and porcelain making technology more mature.

Blue and white porcelain is a kind of preparation pigment - "blue and whiteporcelain" with cobalt oxide as color developing agent. It is painted on theporcelain body, covered with transparent glaze, and fired at a high temperature.It is characterized by black green, fresh and beautiful, quiet and elegant, withthe artistic effect of Chinese ink painting. The whole blue and white ware, withits bright blue pattern, complements the blue and white of the porcelain body.It is gorgeous but not vulgar, fresh but not frivolous, bright and stable,gorgeous and calm, with high artistic value.

Due to different strokes, different techniques, different ideas anddifferent materials, each period of blue and white decoration has differentartistic effects, showing distinct characteristics of the times. It is mainlydivided into blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty, blue and white porcelainof Ming Dynasty and blue and white porcelain of Qing Dynasty.

2. Exquisite blue and white

Jingdezhens exquisite blue and white porcelain, which is crystal clear andelegant, is a traditional famous porcelain in Jingdezhen. It was created andburned in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It not only absorbs the advantages ofblue and white technology, but also adopts the ingenious method of carving art.It has the characteristics of light, compact, simple, elegant and fresh.Foreigners call it "glass inlaid porcelain", which has been well-known at homeand abroad.

Exquisite blue and white is a comprehensive decoration of underglaze blueand white and exquisite carving. It is in the porcelain body, the firstproduction of exquisite through the tick of rice shaped hole, known as "Mitong",commonly known as "Linglong eye", and then "Linglong glaze" filled with Linglongeye, combined with the color of green blue and white decoration, glaze into thekiln high temperature firing.

The exquisite blue and white decoration style is different. Its exquisiteglaze color is transparent with green, and the small holes are transparent. Itseems that small windows are opened one by one, and sunlight and light arepenetrated. It is a special pattern of exquisite eyes composed of porcelain, andthe artistic effect is unique. Combined with the blue and white decoration, itis particularly exquisite, simple, fresh and clear against the background ofwhite and blue glaze.

Today, Linglong eye has developed from a single "meter" to round, sharp,flat, linear, curved and other forms. And can form a variety of flowers andbirds, water waves, cloud figures and other shapes, enrich the blue and whiteexquisite decorative effect, make it more colorful.

Color glaze color glaze is a kind of glaze with metal oxide (iron, copper,manganese, cobalt) as colorant, which can present a certain inherent color afterfiring at a certain temperature in an appropriate atmosphere. Its glaze ismottled, bright and colorful. Some are like white clouds floating in the bluesky, some are like crystal dew shining on the lawn, some are like crystal starsblinking in the Milky way, some are like the red sun rising in the sky, some arelike the clear river running quietly, some are like bright gems shining, someare like raging fire in the furnace Burning, some like a beautiful peacock inthe open screen

Jingdezhen is one of the regions with the longest history, the mostvarieties, the best quality and the highest achievements in firing color glazedporcelain. Jingdezhens colored glazed porcelain, with its colorful glaze,exquisite and perfect utensils and different styles of modeling, has become ashining pearl in the history of world arts and crafts. It is still dazzling,enchanting and amazing.

4. Famille Rose Porcelain famille rose belongs to overglaze paintingdecoration. Overglaze painting is a kind of decoration technique that paintingdecoration is carried out on the fired porcelain body, and then barbecue atabout 800 ℃ to make the picture solidify on the surface of porcelain aftermelting.

As early as the song and Yuan Dynasties, Jingdezhen porcelain workers beganto use color materials containing metal oxides to decorate the surface ofporcelain. In the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial kilnsuccessfully fired blue and white porcelain with underglaze blue and white andoverglaze color. After the mid Ming Dynasty, Chenghua doucai and Wanli blue andwhite wucai (blue and white as one of the five colors of colored porcelain iscalled blue and white wucai). )In the early Qing Dynasty, after the emergence ofblue glaze, the glazed porcelain began to break away from the constraints ofblue and white and become an independent category of porcelain decoration.Kangxi five colors (red, green, yellow, blue, black) are thick and colorful,also known as "hard color", and Jingdezhen called them "ancient color".

In Yongzheng period, based on the five colors of Kangxi period, Jingdezhenporcelain workers, referring to the production process of enamel color (thecolor material of imperial utensils of Qing Dynasty), mixed the glass materialcontaining arsenic oxide into the color material containing lead to producemilky white effect. This kind of glass material containing arsenic was called"glass white" by Jingdezhen porcelain workers. Based on Kangxi five colors, ifglass white is added to the color materials, all colors will be "powdered" intodifferent shades, and the colors of the color materials will become pinkishcolors, such as red into pink, green into pink, and so on. These warm and moistintermediate colors not only give people a soft feeling of powder moistening,but also expand the range of colors of overglaze colors, so that colors can berendered, with layers, shades, clear Yin and Yang, and the painting method canbe more meticulous. Because it is characterized by a pink white tone, peoplecall it pastel, and Jingdezhen porcelain workers also call it "soft color".

Pastel decoration is characterized by bright colors, soft powder, richcolors, gorgeous elegance, fine brushwork and freehand brushwork. It has strongexpressive force in the decoration of figures, landscapes, flowers and birds,and is full of traditional Chinese painting style. The famille rose porcelainwas the most famous in Yongzheng period. In this period, the overglaze porcelainhas developed to a stage where a hundred flowers vie with each other. It marksthat the development of Chinas traditional overglaze porcelain has reached avery high level.

This is the introduction of Jingdezhen ancient kiln folk custom exhibitionarea. Now you can visit it freely and come back here according to the schedule.Have a good time.

Jingdezhen ceramics is famous all over the world, and it is the place ofofficial kilns in history.

During the period of the Republic of China, it was once known as the fourfamous towns in China together with Foshan in Guangdong, Hankou in Hubei andZhuxian in Henan.

The following is the Jingdezhen ancient kiln tour guide, welcome toreference! Jingdezhen ancient kiln tour guide 1 welcome to here! I am yourguide, my name is x, you can call me small X.

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

The first stop to Jingdezhen is to see the ancient kiln.

The ancient kiln is the first ancient kiln in Jingdezhen. Its interior isvery large and complex.

Pottery can be made in ancient kilns.

The old disc is rotated, on which you can make bottles by hand, and then itis ready after 3 days of firing at 1600 degrees.

You can also draw all kinds of pictures on the pottery, and you can drawany pattern you like.

In order to attract tourists, bands are also arranged here to playporcelain musical instruments, including flute, bell, Qin, erhu, etc. the soundis crisp and pleasant, which is very beautiful.

Inside the exhibition is also worth seeing, although it is a replica, butit still makes people feel good-looking, the coolest is the 108 Water Margincharacters porcelain, just like the real one.

At the pottery bar, I touched the clay with my hand. It was cold andcomfortable.

I made one myself with the help of my master.

Its good to see my work.

Dear tourists, welcome to Jingdezhen ancient kiln factory. Im your guide __.

Now I will use my time on the road to tell you something aboutceramics.

As the saying goes: people take food as their heaven, and food needsutensils. It can be seen that ceramics are closely related to humancivilization.

We humans invented pottery as early as 5000 or 6000 years ago, andporcelain was developed on the basis of pottery.

Porcelain is more delicate than pottery.

Smooth.

Hard.

The firing temperature is also higher. Another point is that porcelain ismade from porcelain ore, while pottery is made from clay.

Another explanation of China is that porcelain is as famous as Chinaabroad.

And the most representative porcelain is in Jingdezhen, which is known asthe capital of porcelain. Even Jingdezhen is the origin of porcelain.

In ancient times, because Jingdezhen was located in the south of ChangjiangRiver, it was called Changnan town. Later, it was called Xinping town andFuliang town.

It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that Zhao Heng, Emperor Zhenzongof the Song Dynasty, decided that Zhongying celadon was imperial porcelainbecause he saw the place of origin of the celadon. Every batch of porcelain madeby the craftsmen was marked with "Jingde year system", so the imperial courtcalled the place of origin of this kind of porcelain "Jingdezhen".

The porcelain that Jingdezhen people are proud of is "blue and whiteporcelain, exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain, colored glaze and thin bodyporcelain.

They are as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as loud as a chime, andas thin as paper.

Well, now we have come to fulonggang in the West urban area. This ancientbuilding, which is covered by trees, is the ancient kiln porcelain factory weare going to visit today. As far as I know, there is only one such porcelainfactory in the world.

Who knows why it is called "ancient kiln porcelain factory"? Because thisfactory uses the method of Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Dynasties to make porcelain.The porcelain making process, tools, workshops and kilns are ancient, and theproducts are mostly antique, so it is called.

Next, please follow me in.

Entering this blank room, you can see that the ancient porcelain makingworkshop is composed of four parts: the main room, the chamber, the mud room andthe inner courtyard. The main room and the chamber match in North and south, andthey are parallel. The mud room is located in the west, and the middle is arectangular inner courtyard.

Among them, the main body of the green house is the main room, facingsouth, with sufficient lighting. All the workshops for the production ofporcelain are completed here. The windlass is the main equipment for theproduction of porcelain, and the warehouse is the place for storing rawmaterials.

The mud room is filled with refined mud, and the inner courtyard is anatural dry place for porcelain. In the middle of the inner courtyard, there isa sun rack pond, which is the most important equipment in the ancient workshop,and it is very ingenious. Who knows its beauty? Its beauty is that the pool andsun pool make use of the space and reduce the land occupation.

Come and see this master. He is putting a ball of mud on the head of thepulley. His hands are touching each other. With the rotation of the wheel, therudiment of a bowl appears. This is "making billet, commonly known as drawingbillet".

Lets see here again. The master is concentrating on spinning, drawing thefirst batch to a certain extent, and then using a knife on the pulley car to cutit into the required batch, commonly known as "spinning" or "sharpening". Ofcourse, the technological process of the ancient kiln porcelain factory alsoincludes painting porcelain, glazing and entering the kiln. Look at thesemasters painting porcelain here. Lets see how long it takes to draw a bowl.Yes, it takes only 10 seconds, The bowl is full of colorful camellia.

Lets go this way. Lets take a look at the kiln house that turns theporcelain body into porcelain. Firing porcelain in the kiln house depends on thepractice of workers, strict labor combination and fine division of labor.

There is a technical director in the kiln, who is called "masterBozhuang".

When it comes to Ba, Master Zhuang cant talk about Tong Bin.

He was a famous master of bazhuang in Wanli period. He was highly skilled,upright and respected by kiln workers.

At that time, he was ordered to make the extra large blue and white dragonVAT. Tong Bin and the porcelain workers tried every means to make it, but itfailed many times. Seeing that the delivery date was approaching, it was hard todisobey the emperors orders. For the sake of the life of the porcelain workers,he jumped into a raging fire at the critical moment of the firing processagain.

Its strange to say that he really succeeded this time. People say that itwas because Tong Bin showed his spirit. Later, people named him "fenghuoxian".Its about the story of Master Zhuang - Tong Bin jumping in the kiln.

Master Ba Zhuang is the chief person in charge of the wood kiln firingprocess. He is responsible for all kinds of technical problems in the firingprocess. When the porcelain is ready to be cooked but not yet ripe, the time tostop firing is the most critical. If the firing time is too long, the porcelainwill burn yellow or even fall into the kiln. If the firing time is too short,the porcelain will not be cooked again. At this time, master Ba Zhuangs eyesare completely relied on.

Ladies and gentlemen, thats the end of todays tour. I hope I can guideyou later.

thank you!!

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

Jingdezhen is a famous porcelain capital at home and abroad. Together withFoshan, Hankou and Zhuxian, it is also known as the four famous towns in China.It is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China and a class aopen city announced by the State Council.

It has jurisdiction over one city, one county and two districts, namelyLeping City, Fuliang County, Zhushan district and Changjiang District, coveringan area of 5256 square kilometers.

Jingdezhen is an important part of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone,and also an important national landscape ecological historical and culturalcity.

Jingdezhen has a high level of economic development, and has acceleratedits rise since 20__. It is estimated that by 20__, the per capita GDP willexceed US $10000, basically realizing modernization.

Jingdezhen has a long history of porcelain making, fine quality ofporcelain products and great influence on foreign countries. "Porcelain capital"has become the pronoun of Jingdezhen.

By 20__, Jingdezhen has won the title of Chinas excellent tourist city,National Ecological Garden City, national civilized and healthy city, andadvanced city of Jiangxi Province in building a civilized city. It not only madea zero breakthrough in such records in Jiangxi Province, but also became thefourth consecutive champion in such assessment in Jiangxi Province.

On September 26, 1985, the Eighth Peoples Congress of Jingdezhen city ofthe peoples Republic of China approved the selection of camphor tree asJingdezhen city tree and Camellia as Jingdezhen city flower.

The ancient kiln porcelain factory is the production area of ancientceramics, which vividly represents the whole process of Jingdezhen ancientceramic production technology.

Here are six ancient buildings, which are precious examples of ancientindustrial buildings in China.

Each group of embryo square is like a closed Sanhe courtyard or quadrangle,which is composed of three or four buildings open to the courtyard.

In the embryo room, the workers use the traditional hand-made porcelaintechnology to make the visitors marvel.

There is also a simple and tall Town kiln in the factory.

The kiln uses pine wood as fuel.

The kiln is 18 meters long. It is in the shape of goose egg, big in thefront and small in the back. A thin-walled chimney about 21 meters high is builtat the tail.

This is the result of the ancient architectural craftsmans skillful use ofthe center of gravity and curved shape of curved wood to erect and erect beams.It can be said that it has unique ingenuity and is also a great spectacle in thehistory of Chinese architecture.

Hello and welcome to Jingdezhen ancient kiln factory. Im your guide.

Now I will use my time on the road to tell you something aboutceramics.

As the saying goes: people take food as their heaven, and food needsutensils. It can be seen that ceramics are closely related to humancivilization.

We humans invented pottery as early as 5000 or 6000 years ago, andporcelain was developed on the basis of pottery.

Porcelain is more delicate than pottery.

Smooth.

Hard.

The firing temperature is also higher. Another point is that porcelain ismade from porcelain ore, while pottery is made from clay.

Another explanation of China is that porcelain is as famous as Chinaabroad.

And the most representative porcelain is in Jingdezhen, which is known asthe capital of porcelain. Even Jingdezhen is the origin of porcelain.

In ancient times, because Jingdezhen was located in the south of ChangjiangRiver, it was called Changnan town. Later, it was called Xinping town andFuliang town.

It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that Zhao Heng, Emperor Zhenzongof the Song Dynasty, decided that Zhongying celadon was imperial porcelainbecause he saw the place of origin of the celadon. Every batch of porcelain madeby the craftsmen was marked with "Jingde year system", so the imperial courtcalled the place of origin of this kind of porcelain "Jingdezhen".

The porcelain that Jingdezhen people are proud of is "blue and whiteporcelain, exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain, colored glaze and thin bodyporcelain.

They are as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as loud as a chime, andas thin as paper.

Well, now we have come to fulonggang in the West urban area. This ancientbuilding, which is covered by trees, is the ancient kiln porcelain factory weare going to visit today. As far as I know, there is only one such porcelainfactory in the world.

Who knows why it is called "ancient kiln porcelain factory"? Because thisfactory uses the method of Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Dynasties to make porcelain.The porcelain making process, tools, workshops and kilns are ancient, and theproducts are mostly antique, so it is called.

Next, please follow me in.

Entering this blank room, you can see that the ancient porcelain makingworkshop is composed of four parts: the main room, the chamber, the mud room andthe inner courtyard. The main room and the chamber match in North and south, andthey are parallel. The mud room is located in the west, and the middle is arectangular inner courtyard.

Among them, the main body of the green house is the main room, facingsouth, with sufficient lighting. All the workshops for the production ofporcelain are completed here. The windlass is the main equipment for theproduction of porcelain, and the warehouse is the place for storing rawmaterials.

The mud room is filled with refined mud, and the inner courtyard is anatural dry place for porcelain. In the middle of the inner courtyard, there isa sun rack pond, which is the most important equipment in the ancient workshop,and it is very ingenious. Who knows its beauty? Its beauty is that the pool andsun pool make use of the space and reduce the land occupation.

Come and see this master. He is putting a ball of mud on the head of thepulley. His hands are touching each other. With the rotation of the wheel, therudiment of a bowl appears. This is "making billet, commonly known as drawingbillet".

Lets see here again. The master is concentrating on spinning, drawing thefirst batch to a certain extent, and then using a knife on the pulley car to cutit into the required batch, commonly known as "spinning" or "sharpening". Ofcourse, the technological process of the ancient kiln porcelain factory alsoincludes painting porcelain, glazing and entering the kiln. Look at thesemasters painting porcelain here. Lets see how long it takes to draw a bowl.Yes, it takes only 10 seconds, The bowl is full of colorful camellia.

Lets go this way. Lets take a look at the kiln house that turns theporcelain body into porcelain. Firing porcelain in the kiln house depends on thepractice of workers, strict labor combination and fine division of labor.

There is a technical director in the kiln, who is called "masterBozhuang".

When it comes to Ba, Master Zhuang cant talk about Tong Bin.

He was a famous master of bazhuang in Wanli period. He was highly skilled,upright and respected by kiln workers.

At that time, he was ordered to make the extra large blue and white dragonVAT. Tong Bin and the porcelain workers tried every means to make it, but itfailed many times. Seeing that the delivery date was approaching, it was hard todisobey the emperors orders. For the sake of the life of the porcelain workers,he jumped into a raging fire at the critical moment of the firing processagain.

Its strange to say that he really succeeded this time. People say that itwas because Tong Bin showed his spirit. Later, people named him "fenghuoxian".Its about the story of Master Zhuang - Tong Bin jumping in the kiln.

Master Ba Zhuang is the chief person in charge of the wood kiln firingprocess. He is responsible for all kinds of technical problems in the firingprocess. When the porcelain is ready to be cooked but not yet ripe, the time tostop firing is the most critical. If the firing time is too long, the porcelainwill burn yellow or even fall into the kiln. If the firing time is too short,the porcelain will not be cooked again. At this time, master Ba Zhuangs eyesare completely relied on.

Ladies and gentlemen, thats the end of todays tour. I hope I can guideyou later.

thank you!!

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

Jingdezhen is a famous porcelain capital at home and abroad. Together withFoshan, Hankou and Zhuxian, it is also known as the four famous towns in China.It is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China and a class aopen city announced by the State Council.

It has jurisdiction over one city, one county and two districts, namelyLeping City, Fuliang County, Zhushan district and Changjiang District, coveringan area of 5256 square kilometers.

Jingdezhen is an important part of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone,and also an important national landscape ecological historical and culturalcity.

Jingdezhen has a high level of economic development, and has acceleratedits rise since 20__. It is estimated that by 20__, the per capita GDP willexceed US $10000, basically realizing modernization.

Jingdezhen has a long history of porcelain making, fine quality ofporcelain products and great influence on foreign countries. "Porcelain capital"has become the pronoun of Jingdezhen.

By 20__, Jingdezhen has won the title of Chinas excellent tourist city,National Ecological Garden City, national civilized and healthy city, andadvanced city of Jiangxi Province in building a civilized city. It not only madea zero breakthrough in such records in Jiangxi Province, but also became thefourth consecutive champion in such assessment in Jiangxi Province.

On September 26, 1985, the Eighth Peoples Congress of Jingdezhen city ofthe peoples Republic of China approved the selection of camphor tree asJingdezhen city tree and Camellia as Jingdezhen city flower.

The ancient kiln porcelain factory is the production area of ancientceramics, which vividly represents the whole process of Jingdezhen ancientceramic production technology.

Here are six ancient buildings, which are precious examples of ancientindustrial buildings in China.

Each group of embryo square is like a closed Sanhe courtyard or quadrangle,which is composed of three or four buildings open to the courtyard.

In the embryo room, the workers use the traditional hand-made porcelaintechnology to make the visitors marvel.

There is also a simple and tall Town kiln in the factory.

The kiln uses pine wood as fuel.

The kiln is 18 meters long. It is in the shape of goose egg, big in thefront and small in the back. A thin-walled chimney about 21 meters high is builtat the tail.

This is the result of the ancient architectural craftsmans skillful use ofthe center of gravity and curved shape of curved wood to erect and erect beams.It can be said that it has unique ingenuity and is also a great spectacle in thehistory of Chinese architecture.

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

The first stop to Jingdezhen is to see the ancient kiln.

The ancient kiln is the first ancient kiln in Jingdezhen. Its interior isvery large and complex.

Pottery can be made in ancient kilns.

The old disc is rotated, on which you can make bottles by hand, and then itis ready after 3 days of firing at 1600 degrees.

You can also draw all kinds of pictures on the pottery, and you can drawany pattern you like.

In order to attract tourists, bands are also arranged here to playporcelain musical instruments, including flute, bell, Qin, erhu, etc. the soundis crisp and pleasant, which is very beautiful.

Inside the exhibition is also worth seeing, although it is a replica, butit still makes people feel good-looking, the coolest is the 108 Water Margincharacters porcelain, just like the real one.

At the pottery bar, I touched the clay with my hand. It was cold andcomfortable.

I made one myself with the help of my master.

Its good to see my work.

尊敬的各位考官!您好!我是考生 __X，我已经准备好了，可以开始了么!

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到景德镇古窑民俗博览区参观游览。我是此次景德镇古窑民俗博览区的导游员小赵，我很荣幸陪同大家一起参观游览，下面将由我来为大家讲解景德镇古窑民俗 博览区。

瓷都风采

景德镇，位于江西省东北部的低山、丘陵地带。这里山环水绕，制瓷资料充足，能工巧匠云集， 外销水运通畅。“水土宜陶”，是天然的产瓷区。

东晋开始设镇，名“新平”。唐代几易镇名。至景德元年(公元 1004 年)，因当地的贡瓷倍受皇室青睐而改昌南镇为“景德镇”。至今，“景德镇”之名已沿用千年。

瓷业的兴旺，带来了商业的繁荣，并形成了具有瓷文化底蕴的城镇特色。景德镇以珠山御窑厂为中心，周围坯房密布，窑场四起，红店、柴行及瓷庄比比皆是，甚至连一些百姓家居都是由窑砖头、匣钵屑等瓷业废弃物搭建。“江南雄镇”的昔日风采，至今依稀可见。

景德镇四大传统名瓷

景德镇瓷器“白如玉、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬”，自古以来，名扬天下。在琳琅满目的瓷器中，最为著名的青花瓷，青花玲珑瓷、颜色釉瓷、粉彩瓷被人们誉为“中华民族文化之精萃”、“瓷国之瑰 宝”。

一、青花瓷

青花瓷是我国陶瓷史上最优秀的瓷器品种之一，自创烧以来，一直都是景德镇瓷业的主流产品， 以致于历经近 800年而不衰。青花瓷的烧造成功，是我国陶瓷史上最具有划时代意义的事件，中国瓷 器从此进入了彩瓷时代，它使中国绘画技巧与制瓷工艺的结合更趋成熟。

青花瓷是一种以氧化钴为显色的配制颜料——“青花瓷”，在瓷坯上进行绘画装饰，再罩以透明釉，经高温一次烧成的釉下彩绘瓷器。其特点为黑色青翠，清新明丽，幽静雅致，具有中国水墨画的艺术效果。青花瓷整个器物，鲜丽的蓝色图案，与瓷胎青白相映，相得益彰，艳而不俗，鲜而不佻， 明朗而又安定，华丽而又沉着，艺术价值极高。

由于不同的运笔，不同的技法，不同的构思，不同的用料，使得每个时期的青花装饰产生不同的艺术效果，呈现出鲜明的时代特征，其主要分为元代青花瓷、明代青花瓷、清代青花瓷。

二丶青花玲珑

瓷 晶莹、幽雅的青花玲珑瓷，是景德镇传统名瓷，创烧于明代永乐年间。它既汲取了青花技术之特长，又采纳了镂雕艺术之妙法，具有轻巧致密，素雅清新的特点。外国人称其为“嵌玻璃的瓷器”，一 直以来誉满中外。

青花玲珑是一种釉下青花加玲珑雕镂的综合装饰。它是在瓷坯上，先制作玲珑透剔的米粒状洞，称为“米通”，俗称“玲珑眼”，再以“玲珑釉”充满玲珑眼，结合呈色青翠的青花纹饰，施釉入窑高温一次烧成。

青花玲珑的装饰风格与众不同，它的玲珑釉色透明带绿，小孔处透明性强，仿佛开了一个个的小窗户，阳光和灯光透过，成瓷组成的玲珑眼的特殊纹样，艺术效果别具一格。加之与青花装饰相结合，在白中泛青的釉色衬托下，显得分外精巧细腻，朴素大方，清新明朗。

如今，玲珑眼也由单一“米通”，发展为圆、尖、扁、线、弯曲等形式。并能组成各种花鸟、水浪、云彩人物等形状，丰富了青花玲珑的装饰效果，使之更加丰富多采。

三丶颜色釉瓷颜色釉是一种以金属氧化物(铁、铜、锰、钴)为着色剂，在适当的气氛中经一定的温度烧成后，能够呈现了某种固有色彩的釉料。其釉面斑驳璀璨、呈色五彩缤纷，有的像洁白的云朵在蓝天飘游，有的像晶莹的露珠在草坪闪烁，有的像晶亮的星星在银河眨眼，有的像彤红的太阳在天边升腾，有的像碧澄的江水在静静奔流，有的像艳丽的宝石在熠熠闪光，有的像熊熊的烈火在炉膛 燃烧，有的像美丽的孔雀在翩翩开屏……

景德镇是烧造颜色釉瓷器历史最长、品种最多、质量最好、成就最高的地区之一。景德镇的颜色釉瓷以丰富多彩的釉色，精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型，清亮耀目的光泽，而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠，至今仍令人眼花缭乱，心驰神往、流连忘返、叹为观止。

四丶粉彩瓷 粉彩属于釉上彩绘装饰。釉上彩绘是在已经烧成的瓷胎上进行绘画装饰，然后经过 800℃左右的低温烧烤，以使画面熔融后固化在瓷器表面的装饰技法。

早在宋元时期，景德镇瓷工就开始了用含金属氧化物的彩料在瓷器表面进行装饰的尝识，到明代宣德年间，御窑厂成功烧造出釉下青花与釉上彩绘相结合的青花斗彩瓷器。明中期以后，以成化斗彩、万历青花五彩(以青花作为五彩中一种色彩的彩瓷谓青花五彩。)为代表的釉上彩绘瓷器发展迅速，至清初康熙年间釉上蓝彩出现以后，釉上彩瓷器开始脱离青花的约束而成为一个独立的瓷器装饰门类。康熙五彩(红、绿、黄、蓝、黑)色泽厚实，浓艳，亦称之为“硬彩”，景德镇称其为“古彩”。

雍正时期，景德镇瓷工又在康熙五彩的基础上，参照珐琅彩(清宫廷御用器彩料)的制作工艺，把含有氧化砷的玻璃料掺入含铅的彩料中，使彩料产生乳白色的效果，这种含砷的玻璃料被景德镇瓷工称为“玻璃白”。如果以康熙五彩为基础，在其彩料中加入玻璃白，使所有颜色都会“粉化”成不同深浅浓淡的色调，彩料的颜色都会变成带粉白的色调，如红色变成粉红色，绿色变成粉绿色等等。这些温润的中间色不仅能给人以粉润柔和的感受，而且扩大了釉上彩的色调范围，使色彩可以渲染，层次、深浅、阴阳分明，画法可以更加细致入微。由于它的特点就是带粉白色调，所以人们便称之为粉 彩，景德镇瓷工亦称之为“软彩”。

粉彩饰的特点是颜色明亮，粉润柔和，色彩丰富，绚丽雅致，绘画工笔，写意俱全，在人物、山水、花鸟等题材的装饰上具有很强的表现力，富有国画风格。粉彩瓷在雍正年间最负盛名，釉上彩瓷器到了这个时期，已经发展到了一个百花争艳的阶段，它标志着我国传统的釉上彩瓷器的发展达到了 极高的水平。

关于景德镇古窑民俗博览区的介绍就为大家讲到这里，现在大家可以自由参观一下，按照计划的 时间回到这里，祝大家玩得愉快。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

到景德镇的第一站就是看古窑。古窑是景德镇第一古窑，内部十分庞大复杂。古窑里面可以制造陶器。古老的圆盘被转动起来，上面可以用手做出一个个瓶等物，然后经过1600度的高温烧制3天之后就做好了。还可以在陶器上绘制各种图画，可以随意画上你喜欢的图案。

为吸引游客，这里还安排了乐队演奏，用的都是瓷器乐器，有笛、钟、琴、二胡等，而且声音清脆悦耳动听，十分美妙。里面的绝品展也是值得一看的，虽然是复制品，但还是让人觉得好看，最酷的是那个108个水浒人物瓷，就像真的一样。

到了陶吧，我用手摸了一下粘土，冰凉冰凉的，舒服极了。我自己还在师傅的帮助下，亲手做了一个。看到自己的作品，我的感觉真好。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

景德镇是中外著名的瓷都，与佛山、汉口、朱仙镇并称中国四大名镇，是国务院首批公布的全国24个历史文化名城之一和甲类对外开放城市。现辖一市一县两区，即乐平市、浮梁县、珠山区、昌江区，面积5256平方公里。景德镇是鄱阳湖生态经济区重要组成，也是国家重要的山水生态历史文化名城。

景德镇经济发展水平较高，20xx年以来更是加速崛起，预计到20xx年，人均生产总值将超越10000美元，基本实现现代化。景德镇由于制瓷历史悠久，瓷器产品质地精良，对外影响大，“瓷都”两字成了景德镇的代名词。到20xx年，景德镇已经获得中国优秀旅游城市，国家生态园林城市，全国文明卫生城市，江西省创建文明城市工作先进城市，不仅在江西省的此类记录上作出了零的突破，同时也也成为了江西省此类考核的四连冠。

市树市花，1985年9月26日，中华人民共和国的景德镇市第八届人民代表大会通过评选，将樟树定为景德镇市市树，将茶花定为景德镇市的市花。

古窑瓷厂为古陶瓷制作区，生动地再现了景德镇古代陶瓷制作工艺的全过程。这里有6 间古胚房，为珍贵的中国古代工业建筑实例。每组胚坊似封闭的三和院或四合院，由三栋四栋向院内敞开的建筑组成。胚房内，工人们以传统的手工制瓷工艺操作，妙手神工让游人惊叹不已。厂内还有一座古朴高大的名式镇窑。此窑以松柴为燃料。窑长18米，成直躺的鹅蛋形，前大后小，尾部砌筑高约21米的薄壁烟烟囱。这是古代建筑工匠巧妙利用曲木重心和弯曲外型立筑架梁的结果，可谓匠心独具，也是我国建筑史上的一大奇观。

Dear visitors! Welcome to visit lijiang ancient city, I am the yunnan tour guide GuRunLu, nice to meet you.

Lijiang ancient city is located in the middle of lijiang dam, xiangshan, Jin Hongshan, west to the north pillow of sierra leone, the fertile land in the southeast face dozens of example. Lijiang is an ancient city with a long history of culture, historical and cultural atmosphere here, like the ancient naxi music, baisha murals, dongba text, baisha fine music, is containing the rich cultural connotation. Old town of lijiang also known as dayan town, it is an ancient city without walls, is very special. The minority here, bai, yi, Tibetan, lisu, pumi, etc., said that I want to ask you, live here, most of the main ethnic minorities, what is family? Ha ha, yes, its the naxi. Construction of the naxi nationality is also very distinctive, we will in the next journey with you to visit the naxi people live in a house, understand their life.

Say so many, some friends ask here have delicious, characteristics of food, that is too much, is famous across the bridge rice noodle, BaBa, barbecue, dongba grilled fish, not only have to eat and drink, barley wine, men and women all appropriate, pure grain brewing, distinctive flavour. I saw some friends had drool ah, after a brief introduction, you already have a preliminary knowledge of lijiang, want a more detailed understanding of lijiang local conditions and customs, feel the exotic amorous feelings, to start our wonderful city tour.

Lijiangs commentaries, 350 - word model essay 3:

Everybody is good! I am your tour of lijiang tour guide. I am very glad to be with you the happy time together! My name is zhang. You can call me a guide.

Please come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Ill give you a brief introduction of lijiang. Lijiang also known as dayan town, is located in the middle of lijiang dam, known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is the only ancient city without walls in Chinas famous historical and cultural city. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers, the ancient times is known fairs and towns. The ancient city of existing residents 6200 households, 25000 people. Among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in produced with copper, silver, fur, leather, textiles, brewing traditional handicraft industry and business activities.

Ok, now you give me into the city to see.

Lijiang is an ancient city without walls, dayan ancient city is a strong cultural atmosphere of the town.

Lijiang ancient and the street of the city of mountain was built, mostly covered with red breccia, the rainy season will not muddy, also wont fly ash of the dry season, the stone patterns of natural elegance. Look, smooth and clean green flag road, completely hand-built civil housing structure, ubiquitous Bridges.

Everybody is good! I am your tour of lijiang tour guide. I am glad to enjoy the happy time with you! My name is Lin, my name is you can call me Lin guide line.

Please come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Ill give you a brief introduction of lijiang. Lijiang also known as dayan town, is located in the middle of lijiang dam, known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is the only ancient city without walls in Chinas famous historical and cultural city. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers, the ancient times is known fairs and towns. The ancient city of existing residents 6200 households, 25000 people. Among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in produced with copper, silver, fur, leather, textiles, brewing traditional handicraft industry and business activities.

Lijiang ancient and the street of the city of mountain was built, mostly covered with red breccia, the rainy season will not muddy, also wont fly ash of the dry season, the stone patterns of natural elegance. Look, smooth and clean green flag road, completely hand-built civil housing structure, ubiquitous Bridges.

Is in front of the old city center square street. Here full of beautiful things in eyes of arts and crafts, sentiment. Shouldnt have come to city square street.

Lijiang has a long history, natural style. City layout strewn at random have send, already have mountain view, and abound of lasting appeal. Lijiang residence is harmony the han, bai, yi, Tibetan ethnic essence, and has a unique style of the naxi nationality, is very unique!!!!

Today, I would like to introduce you to here. Wish everyone have a happy journey! Remember when you go out to see something here you cant throw things on the earth, and to throw it is thrown into the dustbin. Are you playing when you need to pay attention to safety, their luggage, what protection better.

Ladies and gentlemen, now Xiao Li is going to take you to thenext scenic spot, Lijiang ancient city, which is also the most famous scenicspot in Lijiang. Just coming out of the jade clear Yuquan park at the foot ofXiangshan Mountain, we have to follow the Yuquan water flowing from thenorthwest end of the ancient city to the south of the city to the ancient cityof Lijiang, known as "Gusu on the plateau" and "Venice in the East". Here, youwill think that how can Xiao Li exaggerate the name of this plateau town? Infact, it is not exaggerated by Xiao Li at all. The ancient city of Lijiang isdivided into three tributaries, the West River, the middle river and the EastRiver, and then into countless tributaries because of the Yuquan water runningthrough the whole city. There are also many longtans and springs in the city.Taking advantage of this favorable condition, the ancient city has a free layoutof streets and no need for neat network. The main street is next to the river,and the alleys are close to the canals. The clear spring water flows through thestreet and the town, and through the walls and houses. The poetic flavor of"every family flows with water, and every family hangs with Yang" is a trueportrayal of the ancient city. Although it is a small town in Yunnan GuizhouPlateau, it has the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town.

Lijiang ancient city is also called Dayan town. It is composed of Dayan,Baisha and Shuhe. Dayan ancient city is the representative of them, so peopleoften call it Dayan ancient city or Dayan town. In addition, Dayan ancient cityis located in the center of Lijiang basin. In the southwest corner of theancient city, there stands a writing brush which is similar to Shutian giantpen. Lijiang basin is like a big inkstone made of Jasper. In ancient times,"Yan" and "inkstone" are interlinked, so the ancient city is called Dayan. Wearrived at the ancient city. The most attractive thing at the entrance of thecity should be a pair of waterwheel. Some people say it is a son and motherwaterwheel, while others say it is a lover waterwheel. There used to bewaterwheel in the ancient city, but today it is also used in some remoteplaces.

The ancient city was formed in the late Southern Song Dynasty and has ahistory of more than 800 years. It covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers andhas a permanent population of about 30000. In 1986, it became a nationalhistorical and cultural city. In 1997, it was listed as a world culturalheritage. Lijiang Ancient City has the same characteristics as Suzhou ancientcity, such as "small bridge, flowing water and family". Besides, it also has itslocation, street and house layout, Naxi dwellings and so on There is apattern.

Lijiangs world cultural heritage consists of three parts: Baisha ancienttown, Shuhe ancient town and Dayan ancient town. But for you, the mostattractive thing is Dayan ancient town. There are many entrances to the ancienttown. You follow Xiaoli to enter from the entrance on the right. After you seethe conspicuous waterwheel, on the right is the Zhaobi with President JiangZemins inscription, and there are three rooms and one Zhaobi houses in theancient town Its like you can see one of them. Further to the right is thewater dragon column. The dragon is in charge of water. The civil buildings inthe ancient city are most afraid of fire, but water can overcome fire.Therefore, the water dragon column represents the desire of the people in theancient city to avoid fire. For thousands of years, the people of the ancientcity have taken good care of the ancient city like their own eyes. Please alsotake good care of the ancient city like the people of the ancient city. If youlook at the world cultural heritage logo, the circle represents the earth andnature, the box represents the politeness created by human beings, the circleand the box are connected, representing the harmony between man and nature.Lijiang ancient city is a masterpiece of the harmony between man and nature.These stone carvings on the right can be called Lijiangs "Qingming River map",which is a rich Naxi style painting. At our feet is "bagtu", which was createdby Naxi ancestors according to the theory of five elements. Dongba priests oftenuse it to determine the location and divination.

Xiao Li has told you so much in the ancient city, and you have seen somuch, but he is about to enter the ancient city. How can he not see the gate? Infact, you cant see it. Its also a wonder of Lijiang ancient city, that is, youcant see the city gate or the city wall, because there is no city wall or thecity gate in the ancient city, because the head of Naxi nationalitys surname is"Mu". If the city wall and the city gate are built, it will become "trapped". Sothere is no city wall or the city gate in the ancient city.

Ladies and gentlemen, there must be such a question in mind. There are manyancient cities like this in China. Why is this remote ancient city on theplateau chosen? If you want to get the answer, please follow Xiao Li. A lane, afamily, a careless you stand in a hundred years of history, this feeling, on theroad, in various courtyards, you can feel everywhere. Therefore, this ancientcity is not built for filming or mystery. Its a real and living ancient city.If you look at it, you will feel that its much smoother than the road you justwalked. The stone slabs with five flowers seem to have a lot of gravel in them.However, its a kind of lejiaoyan unique to Lijiang. Its collected from thesurrounding mountains. Because of its colorful colors, the local people call itfive flowers Stone, pedestrian horse tread, after hundreds of years, polishedsmooth and transparent, first-class rain, poetic at your feet, this street iscalled Xinhua street.

On both sides of the street, you can occasionally see couplets of differentcolors pasted on the doors of some peoples houses. Some Naxi people have died,and they all have to commemorate three years. The first year is white coupletwith black characters, the second year is green couplet with black characters,and the third year is couplet pasted. This is the nostalgia of Naxi people fortheir dead relatives. After some forest like pavements, clear river water, smallbridges and weeping willows, it is printed in your eyes, but you dont see itPassing by such a clear river, I can see rows of tables and chairs and bursts ofmusic coming into my ears. This is what the guests call "Foreigner Street".However, the shops on this street are not run by foreigners. The bars there arebookish, rebellious and pure business. Everyone can get what they want. Theconvenient place for people in the city to "recharge" in Lijiang is to find thefeeling in the bar, especially for foreigners. There are friends, there arebridges, water, as long as not drunk, life can find a moment of carefree.

After passing the bar street, you can see a small stone bridge, which iscalled pea bridge because it sold peas there earlier. The small gate building onthe west of the bridge is Kegong square. Kegong square is named in the alleybehind the square. In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there were twobrothers of the Yang family in the alley, and in the Daoguang period, theiryounger brother was elected again. This is a matter of pride for Lijiang people.In order to praise the Yang family and encourage them, the government praisedthem This is a special place.

Standing there, looking to the East, you can see a vast expanse of space.This is the central square of the ancient city, which covers an area of aboutfive mu. There are two main reasons why it is called Sifang street. One reasonis that the shape of the square is very similar to the square seal of themagistrate. The Tusi named it Sifang street, which means "Quan Zhen Sifang".Some people say that the roads there lead to all directions Its a hub of peopleand logistics in all directions, so its called Sifang street. So why is Sifangstreet so famous? If the silk road is another world-famous trade channel in thenorth of China, there is also a trade channel in the south of China called "teahorse ancient road". It is a trade channel for the horses, fur, Tibetan medicineand other specialties in the Tibetan area and Lijiang, as well as tea, silk,jewelry and other commodities in the south. Lijiang ancient city is an importanttown on the tea horse ancient road, and Sifang street is an important town Sinceancient times, Sifang street, a trade center, has been an open-air fair with ahistory of 300 years. It is necessary to realize the mystery of Sifang street.In the early morning, people who get up early begin to buy breakfast, which is ahazy Sifang street. In the afternoon, traders who buy Copper, mountain goods andsnacks form a prosperous market, which is energy Sifang street is full ofvitality; its just dark, when businessmen go home, there are still people andsunshine left after a time of friction. The old people basking in the sun at thebridge head are replaced by children playing, and the bars on both sides showthe oily light of night. This is Sifang Street with makeup. At about two oclockin the morning, Sifang street people go to empty streets, and the alleys areunpredictable, only the sound of flowing water rises and falls Lijiang faces thesky. "Li Jun

There are three major events in Lijiang mens life: building a house,marrying a daughter-in-law, and basking in the sun. Lijiang men have an unusualhobby and a lot of time for planting flowers, raising birds, writing, drawingand playing mahjong. Men are good at all kinds of activities in the hospital. Inaddition, one of their favorite outdoor activities is sitting in. Naxi Women canonly sleep in one day on the first day of the Lunar New Year. From "Pan Ji Mei"to "a nai", the blink of an eye is only two words "industrious". Naxi Women workfrom morning to night, from physical work to small business, from cleaning upthe fields to killing pigs, from sewing clothes to making a fire to cook. Theyare all like Fairies in the world, while men have no time to do so. Naxi peoplehave a large number of Chinese people, which makes people dizzying. It can notbe said that Naxi Women have brought up Naxi culture.

Naxi people are good at learning, which can also be reflected in theresidential buildings in the ancient city. While absorbing the architecturalstyles of Han, Tibetan, Bai and other nationalities, the ancient city dwellingsalso integrate the national architectural culture and aesthetic consciousness,forming many architectural styles with Naxi characteristics, such as three roomsand one screen wall, four in five patio, front and back courtyard, one inseveral courtyard, etc., and forming a strong foundation in the setting ofgatehouse and front porch, patio paving, Liuhe door and its decoration Thecharacteristics of local culture and national culture. If you ask which part ofthe courtyard is the most distinctive, it is the Liuhe gate of the main room andthe window core on the Liuhe gate, which is called "four seasons Bo Gu".Although these are also the results of learning Han, Tibetan, Bai and othernational cultures. But at the moment, there is no other nation like Naxi. Everyfamily must have Liuhe gate and "four seasons Bogu". Look at this six door,which can be installed or removed. Its convenient and flexible. When itsopened, its the door and when its closed, its the window. Usually, only themiddle two doors are opened. If there are many red and white guests at home andit is inconvenient to walk, the six doors can be removed. The window core carvedon the Liuhe gate is called "four seasons Bo Gu". In the composition, famousflowers and different flowers, auspicious birds and auspicious animals, andperfect allusions are used to express the perfect wishes of Naxi people for fourauspicious seasons, happiness and longevity, and for farming and reading theirdescendants. You can see that there are different patterns on the six doors,which are "pines and cranes with spring", "spring" and "longevity", which are"magpies competing for plum", which are "winter" and "joy", which are "Eaglesstanding on chrysanthemums", which are "autumn" and "blessing", which are"egrets in the sky", which are "summer" and "Lu", which are "peacock Magnolia"and "Golden Rooster peony". Please think about it What moral do theyrepresent.

After crossing Wuyi street, you can see many small bridges. At the foot ofthis small stone bridge, you cant help sitting down and having a rest. When yousee the words "centenary square" beside the bridge, its not hard to guess thatthis is centenary square. Just imagine the origin of centenary square. Mostpeople think that centenary square is related to the old people. Thatsright.

Ladies and gentlemen, now x will take you to the next scenic spot, Lijiangancient city, which is also the most famous scenic spot in Lijiang. Just comingout of the jade clear Yuquan park at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, we have tofollow the Yuquan water flowing from the northwest end of the ancient city tothe south of the city to the ancient city of Lijiang, known as "Gusu on theplateau" and "Venice in the East". Here, you will think that how can Xiao xexaggerate the name of this plateau town? In fact, it is not exaggerated by Xiaox at all. The ancient city of Lijiang is divided into three tributaries: theWest River, the middle river and the East River, and then into countlesstributaries because of the Yuquan water running through the whole city. Thereare also many longtans and springs in the city. Taking advantage of thisfavorable condition, the ancient city has a free layout of streets and no needfor neat network. The main street is next to the river, and the alleys are closeto the canals. The clear spring water flows through the street and the town, andthrough the walls and houses. The poetic flavor of "every family flows withwater, and every family hangs with Yang" is a true portrayal of the ancientcity. Although it is a small town in Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, it has thecharacteristics of Jiangnan Water Town.

Lijiang ancient city is also called Dayan town. It is composed of Dayan,Baisha and Shuhe. Dayan ancient city is the representative of them, so peopleoften call it Dayan ancient city or Dayan town. In addition, Dayan ancient cityis located in the center of Lijiang basin. In the southwest corner of theancient city, there stands a writing brush which is similar to Shutian giantpen. Lijiang basin is like a big inkstone made of Jasper. In ancient times,"Yan" and "inkstone" are interlinked, so the ancient city is called Dayan. Wearrived at the ancient city. The most attractive thing at the entrance of thecity should be a pair of waterwheel. Some people say it is a son and motherwaterwheel, while others say it is a lover waterwheel. There used to bewaterwheel in the ancient city, but today it is also used in some remoteplaces.

The ancient city was formed in the late Southern Song Dynasty and has ahistory of more than 800 years. It covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers andhas a permanent population of about 30000. In 1986, it became a nationalhistorical and cultural city. In 1997, it was listed as a world culturalheritage. Lijiang Ancient City has the same characteristics as Suzhou ancientcity, such as "small bridge, flowing water and family". Besides, it also has itslocation, street and house layout, Naxi dwellings and so on There is apattern.

Lijiangs world cultural heritage consists of three parts: Baisha ancienttown, Shuhe ancient town and Dayan ancient town. But for you, the mostattractive thing is Dayan ancient town. There are many entrances to the ancienttown. You follow Xiaoli to enter from the entrance on the right. After you seethe conspicuous waterwheel, on the right is the Zhaobi with President JiangZemins inscription, and there are three rooms and one Zhaobi houses in theancient town Its like you can see one of them. Further to the right is thewater dragon column. The dragon is in charge of water. The civil buildings inthe ancient city are most afraid of fire, but water can overcome fire.Therefore, the water dragon column represents the desire of the people in theancient city to avoid fire. For thousands of years, the people of the ancientcity have taken good care of the ancient city like their own eyes. Please alsotake good care of the ancient city like the people of the ancient city.

Hello everyone! This is located in the middle of Lijiang ancient city,called "Sifang Street". Sifang street used to be another alias, and there is alittle story about its name. Before, there was a small pavilion in the middle ofSifang street, and there was a small pool beside the pavilion. In summer, thelotus blossoms in the small pool; in autumn, the small pool is covered with redleaves, which is a good place for poets to sing wine. Because the pavilion issquare, "Fang" is homonymous with "Fang", so it is renamed "Sifang Street".

Lets see, there was no city wall in Lijiang, because the rulers surnameat that time was "Mu". If the ancient city built walls, then "Mu" would becomethe word "trapped", which was very unlucky, so the city wall was not built.

OK! Lets go to the next scenic spot. Lets see, there are several wellsconnected together. Isnt it a bit odd. The first well is the cleanest fordrinking; the second well is the water from the first well for washingvegetables; and then it flows into the third well for washing hands. Its beenused like this for thousands of years.

Lets not scribble around. Im finished. Lets play separately for an hourand gather here after playing.

Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple.

Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai. Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief. There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e. temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines. The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.

The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni. On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining. He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882. later the temple was

partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.

Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall. Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it. In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness. Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.

Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around. Here we can see the temple gate. It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications. The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action. Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains. But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month. Now this way to the entrance.

Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall. We will use the rear door, please follow me.

(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)

Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly. He is Bodhisattva Maitreya. His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries. So he is also called the Laughing Buddha. According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven. After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden. Hence another name the Future Buddha.

But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation.. it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder. He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms. Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”. He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever.

When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya. So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.

(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)

On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues. They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings. In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru. Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks. On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven. The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits. His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness.

He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads. The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism. He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar. With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha. Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon. It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability. Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)

The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue. He is so called because of his virtue. He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand. The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions. It is at the same time a magic umbrella. Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies. Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight.

He observes the world with his penetrating eyes. He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope. The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net. This dragon also has a magic power. It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.

(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)

The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda. He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand. Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits. Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery. He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.

Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall. Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.

Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard. It is actually a giant incense burner. It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.

Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage. It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.

Welcome to CHINA, Welcome to SHENZHEN Please sit back and relax, Your luggage will be sent to the hotel by another bus,so you do not have to worry about it.

Let me introduce my team first. Mr x is our driver,He has 20years of driving underhis belt, so we are in very safe hands. I always call my English name is _,my Chinese name is _,you may call me _ or Mr_, which is my family name. we are from SHENZHEN OVERSEAS INTERNATIONAL TRE SERVICE,On behalf of _and my colleagues, I ’d like to extend a warm welcome to you all.

During your stay in our city, I will be you local guide, I will do everything possible to make your visit a pleasant experience.If you have any problems or requests,Pls do not hesitate to let me know.

you are going to stay at the Crown plaza hotel, a luxurious ,five star hotel, Althouth the hotel is not exactly in downtown SHENZHEN, it is strategically located with easy access to many tourist attractions. As you will be staying in our city for two days, you will do well to remember the number of our bus and my Phone NO., the bus NO. is _ ,my phone NO.is _. let me repeat....

There is one thing I must warn you against, You must not drink an tap water in the hotel, because un boiled water might make you ill.

I do hope you will enjoy your time in our city.

In the year 1893, James Hilton described an eternally peaceful and quiet place among mountains in the East—— "Shangri-La" in one of his novels for the first time. In the novel "Lost Horizon", an English diplomat Conway and his brother Gorge scattered the English citizens and helped them leave the dangerous region. On their way home,their plane washijackedand fell down into the mountain in the an region. Some lucky survivors were taken to Shangri-la where Conway found lots of fantastic things in such a state founded nearly 200 years ago, in which the local people lived up to more than one hundred years old and lived peacefully and harmoniously with the other people, animals and everything here. The place was called "Shangri-La" by the local folks。

James Hilton located "Shangri-La" in a mysterious valley which was surrounded by snowcapped mountains; near where there were snow-clad peaks, blue lakes, broad grassy marshlands, and lamaseries, Buddhist nunneries, mosques, Catholic Church, the human beings and the nature were in perfect harmony, several religions and varies of nationalities exited at the same time; the temples looked splendid in green and golden; though people contacted the outer world by caravan for a long time, many foreign experts and scholars had come here to investigate and remained much relics……

Obviously, that is not only a beautiful scenery, but also a kind of artistic conception.

With the novel and the film coming out, Shangri-La became very famous in western countries. Later, a Chinese named Guo Huonian used the name of this place and set up "Shangri-La" Hotel Group which has become one of the most successful hotel group in the world.

At the same time, people didn’t give up looking for the legendary Shangri-La. Up to the end of this century, they finally have found——

After inspecting and proving on many aspects, people found that Diqing Prefecture, the only an region in Yunnan, China, has striking similarity with what’s described in the tale regarding either on natural scenery or people’s way of living. Therefore, the name of "Diqing?ǎShangri-La" spreads worldwide.

Lying at the center of Beijing， the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

Ladies and gentlemen:

The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. It is also known as the Forbidden City in the old days. Actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient Chinese astronomers belief that Gods abode or the Purple Palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the Pole Star, at the center of the heavens . Hence, as the Son of God, the emperor should live in the Purple City. On the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the Forbidden City and the Purple City.

It took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. Construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. The following year, in 1421 the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Starting from the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di to the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Pu Yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were Ming emperors and 10 were Qing emperors.

The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days.

The Forbidden City now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. Most of the structures in the Forbidden City were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. The building materials were from parts of our country. The timber came from Sichuan, Guizhou, Guandxi, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. But in the Qing Dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast China. Other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both Dynasties. The golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in Suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in Linqing, and lime came from Yizhou. White marble was provided regularly by Fangshan County and glazed tiles by Sanjiadian.

The Forbidden City can be divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The Outer Court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in.

The Forbidden City is the best-preserved imperial palace in China and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. In 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

The Meridian Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City. It is called Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. It is 35.6meters high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “Five-Phoenix Tower.”

The Meridian Gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. Lanterns would also be hung up on the Meridian Gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the Ming Dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens would go to the Meridian Gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. When a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “Accepting Captives of War” was held here. The “Court Beating” also took place here.

The gate has five openings. The central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. But apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. However, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. The two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. During the Palace Examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number.

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。