介绍北京长城的导游词100多字（最新20篇）

各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了故宫后面的景山公园游览观光。景山公园原为元、明、清三代的皇家御苑，占地323万平方米。“景山”一词含意有三：首先是高大的意思，取自《诗�6�1殷武》“陟彼景山，松柏丸丸”的诗句;其次，因为这里是帝后们御景的地方;再次，有景仰之意。在600多年前的元代，这里是个小山丘，名青山。据传明代兴建紫禁城时，曾在此堆放煤炭，故有煤山俗称。明永乐年间，将开挖护城河的泥土堆积于此，砌成一座高大的土山，叫万岁山，又称大内的镇山。景山一名是清初改称的。

各位朋友，我们现在所处的位置是绮望楼，位于景山北面南北中轴线上，原为皇帝供奉孔子牌位处。坐北朝南，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，重楼重檐，面阔5间，进深3间。上檐单昂三踩斗拱，明时悬匾额用满、汉文书写绮望楼;下檐单昂五彩斗拱，前带廊，有丁头拱雀替，旋子彩画。四周有汉白玉石护栏。

各位朋友，景山由五座山峰组成，髙43米，为旧时北京城内的制高点，东、西、北三面砌有爬山磴道。山顶五亭建于清乾隆十五年(公元1750年)，造型优美，秀丽壮观。居于中峰的叫万春亭，是一座方形、三重檐、四角攒尖式的黄琉璃瓦亭，宏伟壮观。其两侧是两座双重檐、八角形、绿琉璃瓦亭，东侧的名叫周赏，西侧的称为富览。两亭外侧还有两座圆形、重檐蓝琉璃瓦亭，东为观妙，西为辑芳。旧时，每座亭内均设有铜铸佛像一尊，统叫五位神，又有代表甘、辛、苦、酸、咸的五味神之称。1920xx年，被八国联军掠走四尊、砸毁一尊(万春亭中的毗卢遮那佛h五亭矗立山脊，中高侧低,主从分明，左右对称。更兼梁柱飞金，顶瓦映彩，绿树环合，蓝天相衬，构成一幅壮阔、精美的画图i游人至此，必奋力登攀，以一睹首都壮丽迷人的无限风光为快慰!

各位朋友，现在我们看到的是寿皇殿。寿皇殿是位于景山正北面的一组建筑，有正殿、左右山殿、东西配殿以及神厨、神库、碑亭、井亭等附属建筑组成。垣墙呈方形,坐北朝南。外有4柱9楼木牌坊3座，分东、南、西三面，均为琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶。通面阔16.2米，均带斗拱，门前正中有牌楼式拱券门3座。黄琉璃瓦庑殿顶，琉璃重昂五彩斗拱。通面阔20米，通进深4.2米。两侧各有旁门1座，黄琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶，琉璃单昂单翘五彩斗拱。南墙门内为寿皇门，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶。面阔5间，进深3间。重昂五彩斗拱，和玺彩画。四周有汉白玉石栏杆，八级踏步，中间带御路。寿皇门两旁有侧门，均为黄琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶，单昂单翘五彩斗拱单昂。寿皇门左右各有配亭1座，黄琉璃筒瓦顶，每面宽6.1米，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱，下有石围栏。寿皇门东西有配殿各5间，进深1间，黄琉璃筒瓦悬山顶调大脊，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱，旋子彩画。

各位游客朋友，现在我们看到的是观德殿，它在南墙正中有大门1间，琉璃砖瓦仿木结构，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶单翅单昂五彩斗拱，两侧各开随墙门1座。前为观德门5间，黄琉璃筒瓦硬山调大脊，一斗三升斗拱，前后出廊，旋子彩画。东西配殿各3间，黄琉璃筒瓦硬山顶，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱。后殿3间，筒瓦硬山籀头脊。后殿耳房各三间，筒瓦硬山元宝顶，前出廊，旋子彩画。

各位游客朋友，景山东麓，原有一株向东倾斜的低矮老槐树，是明朝末代皇帝崇祯(朱由检)上吊自杀的地方。因明朝末年政治腐败，豺狼当道，民不聊生，从而导致人民揭竿而起。崇祯十七年(公元1644年)农历三月十八，李自成率领的农民起义军打进北京城时，崇祯见大势已去，在走投无路之下，便逼死皇后，砍杀昭仁公主等，然后仓皇逃到景山，以发遮脸，吊死在驼背的老槐树下，从此明王朝灭亡。陪同崇祯自尽的还有他的御前太监王承恩。原树早已枯死伐除，现存槐树为重新栽种的，并挂有说明牌，记述了这一历史事实。清军人关后，为招降明廷官吏，称这棵槐树为罪槐，用铁链加锁，并规定清室皇族成员路过此地都要下马步行。原树向南倾斜，已枯死，后补栽。树边有一石碑，刻“明思宗殉国处”。

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

今天的长城，早已失去军事价值，而以其特有的魅力，吸引着广大中外游客，成为举世闻名的旅游胜地。随着旅游业的发展，长城这一中华民族的象征，全世界重要的文化遗产，会焕发出新的生机。以更优质的旅游服务、更优美的旅游环境迎接着大家的到来!远看长城它是不是像一条长龙在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋呢?告诉你们吧。长城共有一万三千多里，不魁为“万里长城”。

女士们，先生们：

大家好!我是阳光旅游社的导游，叫杨。今天由我带大家到长城游玩。

远看长城它是不是像一条长龙在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋呢?告诉你们吧。长城共有一万三千多里，不魁为“万里长城”。

请大家收回视线，我们可以看到长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，城墙顶上铺着方砖，五六匹马可以并行，城墙外沿有成排的两米多高的垛子，垛子上那些方形的东西叫什么呢?告诉你们吧。垛子上那些方形的东西有的叫?望口，有的叫射口，供?望和射击用，城墙顶上每隔三百多里就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒打仗的时候可以互相呼应。

踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，我相信你们一定和我有同感。一定想起了古代修筑长城的劳动人民来，那时没有火车，没有汽车，也没有起重机。就靠这无数的肩膀无数的手，一步步抬上那陡峭的山岭，有多少人的尸首被埋在长城下，其中还有一个关于长城的故事呢!叫《孟姜女八百里哭长城》，传说孟姜女有一个丈夫叫范喜良，秦始皇为了防止北方少数民族的侵略就把她的丈夫范喜良给抓走了，孟姜女盼了丈夫范喜良一年的多，孟姜女就决定不远万里去寻找丈夫范喜良，她一路上风餐露宿，见一个人就问一个人看见她的丈夫范喜良没有，最后一个监工模样的人告诉她，她的丈夫范喜良在半年前就累死了，孟姜女听了号啕大哭，顿时，电闪雷鸣长城被哭倒了八百里，孟姜女转身向东奔去跳进了大海。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧才凝结成这前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城所以我们一定要爱护它。

现在大家自由活动，3时我们在这儿集合。

尊敬的游客们，你们好，欢迎来到北京的八达岭长城游玩，我是咱们这个团队的导游。我姓林，你们就叫我小林吧。游览长城时请注意，不能再墙上乱涂乱画，破坏环境。

现在，在我们眼前的就是雄伟的八达岭长城。这段长城，高大坚固，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。这段长城，最有名，最壮观，保护得也最为完好。

当你们看到长城时，一定会问：长城是有什么建成的呢?让我来告诉你吧:长城是由许许多多的条石和城砖筑成的。大家请看，我们现在踏着的这条路很宽，五六匹马可以并行。请往我们的左右两边看。这些垛子有两米多高，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。

大家一定想听听长城悠久的历史吧，让我来给大家讲一讲。在春秋战国时期，有许多诸侯国因为想得到皇帝的宝座，想方设法吞并别的国家。各个诸侯国为了不让北方的外入侵，就建造了长城，明朝时又重新加固。他从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里，真是前不见头，后不见尾啊!

各位游客们，主席说过:“不到长城非好汉。”现在，大家自由活动，好好体验一下当好汉的乐趣吧。两小时候到我这里集合，祝大家旅途愉快!

大家好!欢迎你们来到长城参观，我是长城旅游社的导游，我叫阿衰，今天能为大家服务，感到十分高兴。

请大家向右看我们已经到了长城，长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，一共有一万三千多里。咱们走的这一段长城名叫八达岭长城。长城的城墙高大坚固，是用巨大的城砖和条石筑成的，城墙外沿有成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的了望口和射口，垛子上凹的地方叫了望口，底下的方洞就是射口，可不要搞混淆哦!

快看!咱们现在所站的地方是城台，是屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候可以互相呼应，隔这么远怎么呼应呢?我来告诉大家吧!如果北方的匈奴来入侵，士兵就在烽火台上点燃烽火，另一个城台看到了，就也点燃烽火……通过这种方法，召集各地的诸侯前来救援。

摸一摸墙上的条石，踩一踩脚下的方砖，想一想古代修筑长城的劳动人民，这些条石，每一块都有两三千斤重，那时候，没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀、无数的手一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。你们知道吗?长城是有感情的，正因为如此，才有了《孟姜女哭倒长城》的故事。

好了，这次的导游就到这里了，请大家亲自攀登长城的制高点，感受它的雄伟与瑰丽吧!

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

青岛的美丽，美在其海。我光着脚丫走在细细的沙滩上，欣赏着那无边无际、海天一色的大海。海水平静时，像一面透明、透亮的玻璃镜;海水奔腾时，犹如一排排整齐的哨兵庄严地在主席台前走过;海水咆哮时，俨然是一只怒吼的大猛狮，卷起千层浪，往海滩扑来。海鸥忽高忽低地飞在海面上，为海滩增加了亮丽的风采。海滩吸引了众多的游客，有的在阳光下玩沙滩浴，有的在碧蓝的海水里游泳，打水仗，还有的在海边挖沙堡，冲洗脚，更有趣的是，有人在海里和小狗一起快乐地游泳，这使我大开眼界，知道了什么叫做狗刨……看着别人玩得那么开心，我也忍不住地在海滩上采了许多五光十色的贝壳，有时海水趁我不注意跳到了我的脸上，逗得我哈哈大笑，我还玩了挖沙堡。我走在海水里，海水不断的拍打着我的小脚丫，一个浪紧接着一个浪。在海滩上留下一串串脚印，一个浪花打了过来，那一串串脚印居然消失得无影无踪……

青岛的美丽不仅在其海，而且在其山。这里有道教发祥地之一崂山。它被海水环绕着，群山起伏，青山绿水，远看山峰像被一层薄纱披盖着，犹如仙境。我们主要参观了太清宫，里面有三大殿：三清殿、三宫殿和三皇殿。这里长着许多奇异的树木：如三合一树，三棵不同树种合并成一棵高大的树;黄莲树、银杏树、茶花树，还有带着传奇色彩的痒痒树，一摸树干，树叶就动;龙头树，听说一摸，就可以带来好运，我摸了好几下……还有很多叫不出名的树。山上有很多奇形怪状的石头，有的远看像一位和尚，有的像青蛙仰望天空，还有的特别有意思，正看像乌龟，反看像老鼠……

青岛的美丽，美在其环境。这里的环境幽雅、街道干净，空气十分清鲜，空气里几乎没有杂质，花草树木极多。

青岛的美丽，美在其经济腾飞。这里有着名的海尔集团、双星集团和青岛啤酒。

国子监是中国古代的一种大学，始设于隋代,历经元、明、清三代的北京国子监，位于北京市东城区的国子监街内，是中国最后一个国子监，保存至今，现为全国重点文物保护单位。

国子监，大家会问，何为国子?为何读jiàn(荐),而不读jiān(兼)?首先咱们说说“国子”：《周礼·地官·师氏》记载:“以三德教国子。一曰至德，以为道本。二曰敏德，以为行本。三曰孝德，以知逆恶。”东汉经学家郑玄注:“国子，公卿大夫之子弟。”《汉书·礼乐志》:“国子者，卿大夫之子弟也。”清·刘书年《刘贵阳说经残稿·国子证误》:“国子者，王大子、王子、诸侯公卿大夫士之子弟，皆是。”可见国子泛指贵族子弟;至于“监”的读音，读兼容易让人产生误解。历史上只有男监、女监，没有专门囚禁贵族子弟之监啊，另外“国子监”作为官署名牧马监、钦天监、中书监之“监”都读jiàn(荐)。

另外,在参观前,我想请大家在参观过程中注意一下国子监内的古槐.

据史料载，在元明时，北京的国子监内有国槐古柏二百余株，随着年代的推移，现存古槐古柏仅四十余株。国子监里的古槐大多种植于元代，距今已七百多年。在这些古槐中，最著名的一棵，是位于彝伦堂前西侧的“吉祥槐”。“吉祥槐”高约15米，由两棵主干组成，其双干周长分别为2.6和2.5米。似一对孪生兄弟并肩而立，向人们展示着独特的风采。此槐种植于元代，据说是元代国吉监第一任祭酒(相当于现在的大学校长)许衡所植。人们为什么叫它为“吉祥槐”呢?相传在明末此槐已死，但到清乾隆十六年的初夏，枝干上忽又萌发新芽成叶，枯而复荣。国子监的师生们发现后，纷纷传颂，当时正值乾隆生母慈宁太后六十寿辰，人们认为是吉祥的征兆，所以得名“吉祥”。文武百官纷纷题诗作画，以示庆贺。这年正赶上大学士将溥奉旨到孔庙祭先师，他得知此事后，竟夜宿国子监，发挥其树画的特长，绘制一副古槐图，得到乾隆的嘉奖。据《日下旧闻考》载“国学古槐一株，元臣许衡所植，阅岁既久，枯而复荣。当辛末一枝再茁之出，时慈宁六旬万寿之岁，槐市众生，传为瑞事”。乾隆皇帝也作《御制国学古槐诗》，诗云:“黄宫嘉荫树，遗迹缅前贤。初植至元岁，重荣辛末年。奇同曲阜桧，灵纪易林乾。徵瑞作人化，符祥介寿筵。乔柯应芹藻，翠叶润觚编。右相非夸绘，由来事可传。”乾隆的古槐诗和蒋溥的古槐图及众大臣的诗文还刻在碑上，立在树旁。朝廷还下旨把古槐用琉璃围墙保护起来。据说古槐诗画碑保存完好，在1956年该碑与《十三经石刻》一起移到孔庙西侧。关于此槐的名字，在上述《日下旧闻考》引句中的“槐市”。在周代时的太学旁，有一大片槐树林。当时的士人和太学生为了互通有无，每逢初一、十五，就在槐树林里，各自拿出家乡的土特产或书籍等互通有无，或进行买卖。因都是文人进行交易，故出现和气礼让的景象，人们称为“槐市”，以后槐市也就泛指国子监。文句中的“槐市众生”也就是国子监的学生。

国子监整体建筑坐北朝南，中轴线上分布着集贤门(大门)、太学门(二门)、琉璃牌坊、辟雍、彝伦堂、敬一亭。东西两侧有四厅六堂，构成传统的对称格局，是我国现存唯一一所古代中央公办大学建筑。

琉璃牌坊:在集贤门内有一座三间四柱七楼庑殿顶式琉璃牌坊，正面额书"圜槁教译"，阴面为"学海节观"，彩画华美，是北京唯一不属於寺院的琉璃牌坊。

辟雍：辟雍建於清乾隆四十九年，建於中轴线中心一座圆形水池中央的四方高台上，是一座方型重檐攒尖顶殿宇。四面开门，设台阶六级。辟雍周围环绕着长廊，四面架设精致的小桥横跨水池使殿宇与院落相通，这种建筑形制象征着天元地方。康熙皇帝之后，每逢新帝即位，都要来此做一次讲学，以示中央政府对高等教育的重视。

六堂:位於辟雍左右两侧的33间房，合称为六堂，分别为：率性堂、诚心堂、崇志堂、修道堂、正义堂、广业堂，是贡生、监生们的教室。

彝伦堂:位於辟雍以北，元代名为崇文阁，明代永乐年间予以重建并改名为彝伦堂，早年曾是皇帝讲学之处，兴建辟雍之后，则改为监内的藏书处。

敬一亭:位於在彝伦堂之后，是国子监的第三进院落。建于明嘉靖七年，设有祭酒厢房和司业厢房和七座御制圣谕碑。

北京国子监在1949年之后一度被用做首都图书馆，彝伦堂被改建为阅览室，六堂成为书库，随着首都图书馆新馆落成并投入使用，20xx年首图迁出北京国子监。现在北京国子监成为中国教育博物馆所在地。作为首都图书馆，北京国子监曾经免费向公众开放，现作为博物馆须购票进入。

首图迁出后，国子监为了牟利，所以又先后将彝伦堂及六堂等空间租给「王码」开办复读班，民众花钱购票进入后，看不到昔日的皇帝、贡生及监生，却可以看到复读班学生在国子监内嬉戏、学习，形成一种特殊的景象。

普宁寺是一座典型的汉藏合璧式的寺庙。整座寺庙平面布局严谨，以大雄宝殿为界，分为前后两部分，前半部是汉族寺庙传统的伽蓝七堂式布局(伽蓝，即寺庙。七堂一般是以山门殿，天王殿，大雄宝殿为中轴线，左右对称建有钟楼，鼓楼，东西配殿)。后半部是藏式形式，是仿三摩耶庙的形式修建的曼陀罗，千手千眼观世音菩萨便供奉在主体建筑大乘之阁中。

寺院主要建筑都在中轴线上，附属建筑则对称地分列两边。主体建筑大雄宝殿为双层歇山式，称为“九脊十龙”殿，内供三世佛与十八罗汉像，壁画环绕。前后两座主体建筑均建在1.4米高的石砌须弥台基之上，殿前的月台有雕刻精美的石栏杆环绕，台阶中央辅有石雕艺术精品“云龙石陛”，四角有叫“螭”的龙头。寺庙中有“金龙和玺”与“六字真言和玺”彩画。

陶然亭公园是以北京城南隅的燕京名胜陶然亭为中心规划设计修建的一座城市园林。1952年建园，因陶然亭是中国四大名亭之一,公园因此亭而得名。占地59公顷，其中水面17公顷。它是中华人民共和国建国后，首都北京最早兴建的一座现代园林。其地为燕京名胜，素有“都门胜地”之誉，年代久远，史迹斑驳。名闻遐迩的陶然亭、慈悲庵就坐落在这里。秀丽的园林风光，丰富的文化内涵，光辉的革命史迹，使她成为旅游观光胜地。

清康熙三十四年(1695年)，工部郎中江藻奉命监理黑窑厂，他在慈悲庵西部构筑了一座小亭，并取白居易诗“更待菊黄家酿熟，与君一醉一陶然”句中的“陶然”二字为亭命名。这座小亭颇受文人墨客的青睐，被誉为“周侯藉卉之所，右军修禊之地”，更被全国各地来京的文人视为必游之地。清代200余年间，此亭享誉经久，长盛不衰，成为都中一胜。

园内慈悲庵始创于元代，又称观音庵，清康熙三十四年(1695年)监管窑厂的工部侍郎江藻在慈悲庵内建亭,并取唐代诗人白居易“更待菊黄家酿熟,与君一醉一陶然”诗意,为亭题名“陶然”。这里自然景色优美,成为文人墨客宴游觞咏之地。

陶然亭是清代名亭，现为中国的四大历史名亭之一。清康熙三十四年，工部郎中江藻监管黑窑厂时见“面西有陂池，多水草，极望清幽，无一点尘埃气”，在此建小亭。数年后“彻亭而轩”，取名唐代诗人白居易的诗句：“更待菊黄家酿熟，与君一醉一陶然”的“陶然”二字。陶然亭公园以及陶然亭地区名称就是以此得名的。此亭面阔三间，进深一间半，面积90平方米。亭上有苏式彩绘，屋内梁栋饰有山水花鸟彩画。两根大梁上绘《彩菊》、《八仙过海》、《太白醉酒》、《刘海戏金蟾》。

陶然亭周围，有许多著名的历史胜迹。西北有龙树寺，寺内有蒹葭簃、天倪阁、看山楼、抱冰堂等建筑，名流常于此游憩，其知名度在清道光之后，堪与陶然亭相匹。东南有黑龙潭、龙王亭、哪吒庙、刺梅园、祖园;西南有风氏园;正北有窑台;东北有香冢、鹦鹉冢，以及近代的醉郭墓、赛金花墓等。这些历史胜迹产生年代多早于陶然亭，有的甚至早于慈悲庵。它们都有文人墨客觞咏的历史，曾现过各领风骚的辉煌时期。

近代的陶然亭，有着光辉的历史篇章。“五·四”运动前后，中国共产党的创始人和领导人李大钊、毛泽东、周恩来曾先后来陶然亭进行革命活动。1920xx年1月18日，毛泽东与“辅社”在京成员，集会商讨驱逐湖南军阀张敬尧的斗争，会后在慈悲庵山门外大槐树前合影留念。1920xx年8月16日，天津“觉悟社”、北京“少年中国学会”等进步团体，在北厅讨论“五·四”以后革命斗争的方向以及各团体联合斗争的问题。1920xx年7、8月间，李大钊通过《少年中国学会》会员陈愚生，以其夫人金绮新葬于陶然亭畔守夫人墓为名，租赁慈悲庵南房两间，在此进行秘密活动，到1920xx年间，邓中夏、恽代英、高君宇等常来参加会议。

现代的陶然亭公园，是一座融古建与现代造园艺术为一体的以突出中华民族亭文化为主要内容的现代新型城市园林。园内林木葱茏，花草繁茂，楼阁参差，亭台掩映，景色宜人。湖心岛上，有锦秋墩、燕头山，与陶然亭成鼎足之势。锦秋墩顶有锦秋亭，其地为花仙祠遗址。亭南山麓有“玫瑰山”，其地为原香冢、鹦鹉冢、赛金花墓遗址。亭北山麓静谧的松林中，有著名的高君宇、石评梅墓。燕头山顶有览翠亭，与锦秋亭对景，亭西南山下建澄光亭，于此望湖观山，最为相宜。亭北山下为常青轩。

1985年修建的华夏名亭园是陶然亭公园的“园中之园”。采用集中旅游资源的方法，精选国内名亭仿建而成。有“醉翁亭”、“兰亭”、“鹅池碑亭”、“少陵草堂碑亭”、“沧浪亭”、“独醒亭”、“二泉亭”、“吹台”、“浸月亭”、“百坡亭”等十余座。这些名亭都是以1：1的比例仿建而成，亭景结合，相得益彰。流连园内，有如历巴山楚水之间，或游吴越锦绣之乡的感觉，历史文化内涵更加深邃。广大游客不劳远徒跋涉即可领略中华民族建筑艺术和人文景观。

陶然亭公园还设有游船、水上乐园、儿童娱乐城、迷高乐、游乐场、餐厅、陶然花园酒店及商业网点等综合性设施。热忱欢迎中外宾客观光、游览。

游客朋友们大家好，我们要参观的是景山公园，如果有什么问题，请大家提出来，也希望我的讲解能带给你美好的时光。

景山公园占地32.3公顷，原为元、明、清三代的皇家御苑。景山高耸峻拔，树木蓊郁，风光壮丽，为北京城内登高远眺，观览全城景致的最佳之处。在六百多年前的元代，该处是个小山丘，名"青山"。据传明代兴建紫禁城时，曾在此堆放煤炭，故有"煤山"俗称。明朝永乐年间，将开挖护城河的泥土堆积于此，砌成一座高大的土山，叫"万岁山"，又称大内的"镇山"。景山一名是清初改 称的。山上的五座亭子，为乾隆年间兴建。当时山上丛林蔽日，鹿鹤成群，生机盎然，极富自然野趣。山下遍植花草、果木，有"后果园"之 称。封建帝王常来此赏花，习箭、饮宴，登山观景，是一座优美的皇家花园。

我们现在所处位置是绮望楼，坐落于南门内，依山而筑，楼阁三楹，建造华美。此处原是清代乾隆年间办官学时，供奉孔子牌位的地方。在该楼东南侧，清代时曾建有八旗子弟学校，今已无存。

这类似小山坡的是山脊五亭，景山由五座山峰组成，高43米，为旧时北京城内的制高点，东、西、北三面砌有爬山磴道。山顶五亭建于清乾隆十五年(1750)，造型优美，秀丽壮观。居于中峰的叫万春亭，是一座方形、三重檐、四角攒尖式的黄琉璃瓦亭，宏伟壮观。其两侧是两座双重檐、八角形、绿琉璃瓦亭，东侧的名叫" 周赏"，西侧的称为"富览"。两亭外侧还有两座圆形、重檐蓝琉璃瓦亭，东?quot;观妙"，西为"辑芳"。旧时，每座亭内均设有铜铸佛像一尊，统叫"五位神"，又有代表甘、辛、苦、酸、咸的"五味神"之称。1920xx年被八国联军掠走四 尊、砸毁一尊(万春亭中的毗卢遮那佛)。五亭矗立山脊，中高侧低，主从分明，左右对称。更兼梁柱飞金，顶瓦映彩，绿树环合，蓝天相衬，构成一幅壮阔、精美的画图。游人至此，必奋力登攀，以一睹首都壮丽迷人的无限风光为快慰!

前面就是寿皇殿，位于中峰后的正北面，明代始建，清乾隆十四年(1749)又进行重修，仿太庙建造，不仅规模宏 伟，辉煌肃穆，而且自成一个完整的建筑格局。原为清代的祭祖处，过去殿内供奉有清朝历代祖先神像。解放后，该殿被辟为北京市少年宫。

左边就是永恩殿、观德殿了，位于寿皇殿东，明代时是帝王的习射之所。自清代乾隆起，便改为停放帝后的灵柩之 处。观德殿现为少年宫图书馆。明末崇祯帝吊死之处在景山东麓，原有一棵老槐树，是明朝末代皇帝崇祯(朱由检)的自缢处。因明朝末年政治，，豺狼当道，民不聊生，从而导致人民揭竿而起。 1644年农历三月十八日(崇祯十七年)，李自成率领的农民起义军打进北京城时，崇祯见大势已去，在走投无路之下，便逼死皇后，砍杀昭仁公主等，然后仓皇逃到景山，以发遮脸，吊死在驼背的老槐树下，从此明王朝灭亡。陪同崇祯自尽的还有他的御前太监王承恩。原树早已枯死伐除，现存槐树为重新栽种的，并挂有说明牌，记述了这一历史事实。也希望有更多的游客能到此来参观，届时我也希望能再次为大家服务!

今天是3月10日星期六，一个天气晴朗的下午。得知郭柯新要到后海游胡同，我也顺便跟着郭柯新一家去游玩。

到了后海，我们先参观了宋庆龄故居。随后，我们坐上了三轮车，这种三轮车是由黄包车演变而来的，向我们本次梦幻之旅的目的地——四合院行进了。

啊，终于到了!七级台阶，四个菱形门簪，依稀可见昔日的辉煌;微窄却古老的百年大门，给人一种威严、庄重的气派。我们慢慢登上七级台阶，小心翼翼地跨过门坎，按捺不住兴奋的心情，想探个门内的究竟。

门内的情景并没有我想象的那样森严。只见一个老北京四合院传统的“影壁”展现在我们的眼前：一堵雪白的墙壁，外面有木制的围框，两旁挂着一串串小葫芦，两个红彤彤的中国结一下子就让墙壁鲜亮了起来。墙壁上帖着一个大大的“福”字，好象要把福请进家里。“福”字前摆着一口大缸，里面种着象征“阖家团圆”的荷花;而大缸前则种着花花草草，给原本就美丽的“影壁”平添了一种独特的姿色。

绕过影壁，走过游廊，我们看见了老北京四合院的内院了。它没有华丽的外表，也没有被刻意装饰过，它由东、西、南、北屋围成。首先映入眼帘的是一间正屋。这时我注意到，正房的房顶比别的房顶高，后来我才得知因为这是老辈人的住房。想着想着，我们不知怎么就见到了同学刘琛，这可真是巧。“刘琛……”郭柯新首先就来了个“热烈拥抱”。可我却一直在纳闷儿：明明是刘琛先迎接我们的，她是怎么知道我们会来呢?带着满腹的疑惑，我进了正房。

进了正房，迎面是一台八仙桌、太师椅，一切都那么传统。整个人好象都安静了下来。这家的主人王老师给我们讲解四合院。听她介绍，我的谜题也将一一解开。原来，这间房是辈份最高的“太爷”住的，为了显示辈份高低，所以屋顶高。而刘琛为什么能看到我们则是因为这间屋子地面就高。古时，为了不让别人看到院里的隐私，所以才修高。这样，屋内的人能看见院内，但院内的人却看不到屋内的情景。这时，刘琛发现八仙桌上有一些奇怪的图案。王老师解释说：“这是满族传统的图案，意思是家才是最美好的、幸福的港湾。”原来是这样!这东西还真让人捉摸不透呢……咦?还有一间卧室。“可以进去吗?”我悄悄问刘琛。“可以。你看这床……”我走进屋，只见床梁上雕刻着葫芦的图案，这又是为什么呢?原来，葫芦是一种传统花纹，与“福禄”谐音。顾名思义，也就是保佑一生福禄双至喽。哎，四合院里的规矩还真是多呢!

出了正屋，我们又回到小院，玩起了“深宅游戏”。这些空竹、陀螺、风筝都是老北京喜爱的玩意儿。我们也玩了几个，但总玩不好。听王老师说，在四合院里小时候一起玩大的伙伴叫“发小儿”，而从穿开裆裤时就一起玩儿的伙伴则叫“屁帘儿朋友”。嘿!真是有意思!

天色渐渐暗了下来，时间飞快地过去了。我恋恋不舍地走出了四合院，一步三回头，好想在这儿住一辈子呀!这里的奥秘还等着我去探索……

各位团友，大家好!今天我将带领大家游览灵岩寺。它地处长清县万德镇东北七公里的灵岩山，位于泰山北麓主峰四十里处，是泰山的十二支脉之一。现在我们的游览车已进入了灵岩山，这里群山环抱，峰峦清幽，松柏苍翠，泉水清冽，风景十分秀丽。明代诗坛领袖王世贞曾赞美这里是“泰山背最清幽处”。灵岩山原名方山、玉符山。

因山的主峰顶部高大雄伟，方方正正，很像将军印而得名。至于灵岩这个名字的由来，则与朗公的故事有关。朗公是东晋高僧，山东地区的佛教领袖，他常骑一头毛驴四处宣扬佛法，人们只要听到他的驴叫，即“从者如流”。传说朗公来方山说法时，听众达千人之多，不仅人听得入迷，而且“猛兽归伏，乱石点头”。听众把这一异状告诉朗公，朗公说：“此山灵也，不足怪!”于是方山改名为灵岩山，灵岩寺也由山得名。至今寺东面的朗公山上还有一块高约十丈的奇石，远看像一位老僧拄杖而行，后面的几十棵松树，像弟子随侍于后。据说，这石头就是朗公的化身。

灵岩寺的始建人叫法定，传说他于北魏正光元年(公元520年)来此开辟山场，引泉建寺。那时的寺建在今天灵岩寺的北面，名叫神宝寺，隋代已有名气。唐太宗贞观年间(640年前后)，在惠崇的主持下迁到此处，成为我国佛教神宗的据点，与浙江天台国清寺、湖北江陵玉泉寺、江苏南京栖霞寺合称为天下寺院“四绝”，而灵岩寺更被称为四大名刹之首。唐高宗与武则天去泰山封禅时，就曾在此住宿，清乾隆皇帝也在这里建过行宫。相传，灵岩寺鼎盛时期殿阁有四十余处，禅房五百多间，僧侣八百余人。禅宗提倡饮茶，从此饮茶盛行，是北方人开始以茶为饮料的原因之一。

灵岩寺有证可考的历史是自唐代惠崇开始，直至清代，而以宋代最为鼎盛。灵岩寺风光优美，殿宇峥嵘，布局宏伟，其中有极负盛名的千佛殿、辟支塔、墓塔林等，具有极高的文化价值、艺术价值和观赏价值，自古就是游览胜地，前人有“登泰山不至灵岩不成游”之说。

现在大家看到的石坊是灵岩寺的第一道山门，建于清乾隆26年(1762年)。上面的“灵岩胜境”四个字就是乾隆皇帝御笔所书，距今已有二百多年的历史了，寺院广场上的“大灵岩寺碑”是由元人文书讷题写的。

石坊南面这座山叫明孔山，山上峭壁上有一个天然的车轮大小，南北相通的圆形洞孔，光线透过，不论晴天、阴天都像一轮明月高悬天上，人称“明孔洞”，也是传说中法定禅师的面壁处。

这是在灵岩寺中保存最完整、规模最宏大、最负盛名的主体建筑——千佛殿。始建于唐朝贞观年间，当时叫大雄宝殿。现在我们看到的是明代嘉靖年间重建的。大殿是木结构建筑，阔七间，深四间，雕梁画栋，金碧辉煌。单檐庑殿顶，檐角向上伸出，像振翅欲飞的大鸟。殿前的多棱石柱，古朴庄严，，雕琢精美，是唐代原物，也是现存不多的文物精品。

殿内四周墙壁上原有数以千计的，高约30厘米的木制小型佛像，故称千佛殿。佛像表现的是分身释迦牟尼集会讲法的热烈场面。但现在保存下来的不足半数。殿中央供奉着三尊大佛像，藤胎髹漆，塑于宋英宗治平年间(1064年-1067年)，东边的是药师佛，铜铸，造于明宪宗成化13年(1477年)，西边是释迦牟尼佛，也是铜铸，造于明世宗嘉靖23年(1543年)。

殿内最引人注目，为历代称道的是两边神座上的40尊宋代彩色泥塑的罗汉坐像。像高大约在101—120厘米左右。罗汉身上妆銮均用天然矿物质颜料涂饰，故而永不褪色。人物形态、气质刻画细致传神，表情动作无一雷同。或怒上心头，或喜上眉梢，或托腮沉思，或慷慨激昂，个性鲜明，栩栩如生。连衣服上的皱褶，手臂上的青筋都分明可见。衣着打扮与人物性格十分贴切和谐，显示了精湛的雕刻艺术。从泥塑的贴近现实的艺术风格上看，基本上是宋代作品。近代学者梁启超称它是“海内第一名塑”。当代艺术大师刘海粟于1983年11月23日参观后题写了“灵岩名塑，天下第一，有血有肉，活灵活现”的碑文。它是我国泥塑遗存的艺术珍品，是国家级重点保护文物，也是研究我国佛教史的珍贵资料。

千佛殿东西两侧老干龙钟的汉柏下是苏轼的诗碑，字迹龙飞凤舞，为宝刹增色不少。其实，苏轼并未来到过灵岩寺，这首诗是他在徐州登云龙山时而作。

你们好，欢迎你们来到保定旅游，我是你们的导游__。

保定市位于河北省中部，是一座历史悠久的古城，自然景观和人文景观都非常丰富。

距离北京较近的涞水野三坡山清水美，是国家级风景名胜区;而白洋淀里飘飘扬扬的芦苇絮，又给这个“华北明珠”增添了几许捉摸不透的浪漫气息。

保定的历史颇值自傲，在至今五六千年的春秋时代，晋国就在这里建下保定历史上的第一座城池，以后在各朝各代又分别成为县、路、府、直隶省会等，我们所熟悉的老电影《野火春风斗古城》《红旗谱》里的故事也发生在这里。

这个小城的古迹虽然不算多，但也不可小觑：市中心的古莲花池是清雍正年间高等学府的所在地，是当时十大名园之一，园中古亭上的莲叶托桃石雕据说是讽刺当年八国联军入侵时慈禧连夜脱逃的事儿;此外还有以出土了金缕玉衣而名噪一时的满城汉墓、埋葬着清代四位皇帝的清西陵等。

好，游客朋友们，保定就为大家讲解到这儿，谢谢各位的支持!

弥勒佛身后的是韦驮，他手持金刚杵是佛教中的护法神，据说，如果寺庙中韦驮着地的金刚杵表明这个寺庙是子孙庙，对外来的云游僧人不开放，最多可吃两餐，不得留宿，如果韦驮将金刚杵横放在手臂上，表示这个寺庙是十方丛林，云游僧人可以免费食宿，如果韦驮一手将金刚杵高举过额，表示寺庙对云游僧人的食宿要收取一定的费用。

南普陀寺原先为子孙庙，所以韦驮的金刚杵是着地，后改为十方丛林，但这尊韦驮却没有更改外形，其实云游僧人到此是可以免费食宿的。

天王殿内两旁的便是四大天王，分别代表风、调、雨、顺，东方持国天王手持琵琶，意为调，南方增长天王手持宝剑，意为风，西方广目天王一手拿圆珠，一手拿蛇或龙，意为顺，北方多闻天王手持一伞，意为雨，

现在我们走出天王殿，寺庙呈中轴线递次向上，向左右对称展开，现在看，左右两边分别是钟、鼓楼!寺庙中一般都是晨钟暮鼓!而钟鼓楼第一层分别又供奉着地藏王菩萨和伽蓝菩萨，正前方是大雄宝殿，这是寺院的主体中心，是一座重檐歇山顶两层蹿角式的建筑，绿瓦石柱，雕梁画栋，屋上铺琉璃瓦，殿顶绘有九鲤化龙、麒麟奔走、龙凤呈样等磁画，色彩鲜丽，金碧辉煌。南普陀寺始于唐朝，在大雄宝殿前的石柱上有一对联为证，“经始溯唐朝与开元并古，普光被厦岛对太武以增辉”，大雄宝殿中供奉着竖三世佛，分别是过去佛、现在佛与未来佛，中间的就是现在佛，即释迦牟尼佛，据说真有其人，原名乔达摩。悉达多，是古印度加毗罗卫国净饭王的儿子，十九岁那年于四门出游，感悟到人生的生老病死的状况，于是决心出家，以摆脱生老病死的困苦，最终经过艰难的修行，在菩提树下觉悟，就成为现在的释迦牟尼。站在释迦牟尼两旁的是他两个弟子阿难与迦叶，前面还有一尊千手观音。在殿的后面供奉着西方三圣，中间为阿弥陀佛，左为观音菩萨，右为大势至菩萨。

各位游客大家好，欢迎来到世界文化自然遗产旅游胜地-----庐山，我是导游刘明宇，大家叫我刘导。

庐山位于长江边上，鄱阳湖畔，与魅力城市九江为伴。形成名山、名湖、名江、名城为一体。是典型的亚热带湿润季风气候，四季分明，素有春如绿、夏如滴。秋如醉、冬如玉之说，由于水汽充足，庐山的自然奇观很多，“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”说的是庐山雄浑的瀑布，“人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开”说的是庐山的气候与众不同，“庐山东南五老峰，青天削出金芙蓉”说的是庐山奇特的地貌，还有有瀑布云、佛光等自然景观，由于地壳的变迁，庐山有第四季冰川峡谷，庐山还有很多人文景观，既有中外别墅群，又是佛教圣地，吸引着古今中外无数文人墨客，留下了许多千古名句。

现在我们先来说说仙人洞这一风景点，传说是吕洞宾修道成仙的地方，他天生在悬崖绝壁上，洞内有吕洞宾的塑像，洞内深处有一点泉，洞壁上刻着“天泉洞”和“洞天玉液”，泉水清冽，入口甘甜，据说当年吕洞宾就是饮这泉水而得道。洞前的石壁上长着一颗石松，下面绝壁上刻着“纵览云飞”四个大字，毛主席曾写下“天生一个仙人洞，无限风光在险峰”的诗句。

黄龙潭和乌龙潭，比邻而居，传说吕洞宾在这里制服了两条龙，一条黄龙，一条乌龙，潭名因此而得，潭水清澈见底，很多游客在潭里戏水，流连忘返。

“一方水土养一方人”，灵山秀水蕴育很多的特产，“庐山雨雾茶，味浓性泼辣，若得长时饮，延年益寿法”就是朱德总司令对庐山上云雾茶的赞美，还有石鱼、石鸡。石耳，闻名遐迩。

庐山树竹花草、山涧瀑布，令人目不暇接、流连忘返。“匡庐奇秀甲天下”一点也不夸张。但是美是留给大家欣赏的，希望大家在欣赏美景的同时，也要保护好他们，把温馨带走，把真爱留下。

各位游客大家好，我是本次导游员。我们现在即将游览的是五大道风景区，如果在游览过程中大家遇到什么困难请你告诉我，我将竭尽全力为你服务。在这里预祝大家旅途愉快。

都说一座历史名城具有诱人的魅力，首首先来自于其独特的建筑美。风貌建筑是一座城市凝注的自传，也是地域文化的典型外观，而五大道就是被誉为“万博建筑博览会”，是现存最多，保存最完好的，而且最为集中地。俗话说：北京四合院，天津小洋楼。

五大道坐落在天津市的和平区，是一个长方形的区域，占地面积60多平方米。这里纵横交错共有22条道路，沿东向西从南到北共分布着马场道，睦南道，大理道，常德道，重庆道这五条大道而命名。在这里有代表性的风貌建筑230所，包括了英式，意式，西班牙庭院式，西式平方式以及中西合璧式多种建筑风貌。

首先大家看到的是重庆道，在重庆道上大多是英式平方是高级公寓，但但也有许多名人久居。大家请看前边位于重庆道114号就是金邦平旧居，这座小洋楼的特点是红顶瓦片开有天窗。

车行的前方，我们进入了马场道。它是五大道中最长的一条道，全长3216米，这条道因通往当时的跑马场而得名。正对着我们的是天津外国语学院，原来这里是北疆博物学院既天津自然博物馆的前身、我们现在看到校园的主体建筑上有一座时钟做装饰，这是非常典型的法国罗曼式建筑，建筑前的这个喷水池，大家看着是不是很熟悉呀，这里曾经是电视剧《金粉世家》金总理家的外场拍摄地。接下来我们看到的是马场道121号皮毛商人达文士的旧居。它是一个西班牙别墅的住宅，是在五大道上较早的建筑，也是保存做完好的建筑之一。

大家是不是看到一座非常抢眼的建筑，建筑的表面用很多瓷片装饰，吸引了很多有人在此驻足拍照。这里现在是一所私人博物馆，因主人喜爱收藏，所以就用很多的瓷片碎片来装饰这里的建筑。这里原是意大利联排式公寓，因为用火烧砖来装饰墙体的表面，所以人们俗称为“疙瘩楼”，如今已改造为“能吃的博物馆”，著名的京剧家马连良先生就在这里居住过。

欣赏完疙瘩楼我们将前往睦南道，睦南道可以说xx大道中最漂亮的一条道了。我们可以看出有三座比邻的建筑，这三做建筑分别是天津八大善人之一李善人的后代李书福故居，民国总理颜惠庆旧居既伪满洲领事馆，以及东陵大盗孙殿英的旧居。这三座建筑欧式风格浓厚，装饰精美，独具特色，体现了五大道小洋楼的独特建筑魅力。

现在我们的车子有行使到重庆道上，看到的就是一圈白色围墙圈起来的宅院。这是五大道上唯一的一座王府，这是曾是清末最后的总管太监小德张的一所住宅，由于庆亲王的第四代传人爱新觉罗载振看中这里，小德张无奈只好以半卖半送的形式将此转让与他。这里宅院的基地是传统的长方形布局，中轴为楼房的四合院，院墙和外延顺应了当时的建筑潮流，采用了西洋建筑手法，可谓尽得中西合璧的精髓。这座宅院内部的装潢古香古色，处处体现了皇家气派，显示了主人高贵的身份。此外，院内还有数千平米的中式花园，假山，流水一应俱全。如今这里成了高档的商务宴请活动的会所，昔日的王府如今也成了百姓经常光顾的地方，感受当年的皇家风范。

各位朋友，不知不觉五大道的车游览线已经接近尾声了，今天由于时间的关系我们选择了乘车游览五大道，可以说对五大道只是惊鸿一瞥，如果下次有机会再来五大道，我推荐你体验另一种游览方式，那就是观光马车，本随着马车悠哉悠哉的节奏细细品味五大道的小洋楼，坐进五大道，更接近小洋楼。

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎来到八达岭景区观光旅游，我是你们的导游蔡王鲲，大家就叫我小蔡好了。 游客们，现在我们已经来到了著名的八达岭长城，向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰，蜿蜒于山脊之上，气象万千，景色十分壮观。往下面看是有两个门洞和u字形的城墙。

我们往右下方看，在登城口的南侧陈列着一门大炮，名为“这时威大将军”。这门炮炮身长2。85米，口径105毫米，由于炮身上铸有“敕赐神威大将”而得名。

现在，大家可以拍照留念，半小时后在此集合。注意不要乱丢垃圾，

祝大家玩得愉快!

无论是神秘美丽的海底世界，还是紧张刺激的热带丛林，都是令我们无限向往的神秘之旅。现在在沈抚交汇处，有这样一个地方，可以让我们轻松完成这样的神秘之旅，将现实生活中难以完成的假日梦想一一实现，这个地方就是……皇家海洋主题乐园。皇家海洋主题乐园项目由马来西亚建荣集团投资25亿元兴建，发展成为以人工内陆海洋为题材、生态景观为核心的景区服务业务，规划总面积达800亩。五大园区，非凡创意。绚烂海底世界、极地动物展示、热带丛林探秘，以及夏威夷沙滩与海浪的热带风光为你引爆重重惊喜。度假式园区设计，既可以一站式尽享美食、娱乐、购物，又可以悠闲自在的度过一个快乐的假日。享受皇家海洋主题乐园为您带来专业的表演和友善的服务，任何年龄的人在这里都会找到乐趣。

皇家海洋主题乐园《海洋世界》

皇家极地海洋世界于20__年5月正式对外开放，珍拥有各类稀极地动物和海洋生物多达1000余种3万多只(尾)。一看到鲜艳的瓶子就停留下来吸手指的海象“阿达姆”;情比金坚的爱情伴侣企鹅“帕瓦罗蒂”和“维多利亚”;自学成才的海豹“猫王”和“杰克逊”;欢乐海洋表演剧场里，罕见的海豚、花鲸、白鲸同台表演，还有申报吉尼斯世界记录的亚洲第一女火箭飞人……

精妙的主题区域：极地动物展示区;鲨鱼博士区;海洋科普展区;四大主题海底隧道;热带雨林区;互动投喂区(锦鲤,象鱼,海豹);大堡礁表演区;海兽区;海豚表演馆;精品店;蛮果餐厅等。表演介绍：美人鱼表演、大堡礁喂食秀、海豹表演、海豚表演 喂食秀：北极熊喂食、企鹅喂食、食人鲳喂食……

游览顺序：入口大厅——极地科普区——极地动物区——电鳗特展区 —— 蟹类标本区——鲨鱼博士区——鲨鱼隧道——天使特展区——史前海底化石展示区 ——淡水鱼展示区——亚马逊隧道热带雨林——大堡礁隧道——海兽隧道——加勒比海岸—— 海洋剧场——精品店——出口

四大主题隧道 鲨鱼隧道，亚马逊隧道，大堡礁隧道，海兽隧道

皇家海洋主题乐园《世纪丛林》

世纪丛林(亚洲最大的珍惜爬行动物馆)古老神秘的古埃及沙漠区、惊险刺激的侏罗纪区、热情奔放的原始部落风情区、“世界之最”的珍奇动物区以及亚热带雨林区、亚马逊丛林区，共同组成了风格独特的“世纪丛林”馆。这里有世界最大的一条鳄鱼标本;亚洲唯一的纯黄金蟒;中国第一的暴龙骨架隧道;国内首次开辟的与土著人共舞的互动。。。另外，如果你看到一个人在一只蜥蜴面前呆了整整一天，千万别惊讶，他有可能是生物专家。因为馆中的珍稀爬行动物国内少见，许多学术界的人都会过来研究。

表演介绍：土著人表演(喷火、人蛇共舞等)

游览路线：

亚热带雨林区——古埃及沙漠区——侏罗纪区——亚马逊丛林区——原始部落风情区——“世界之最”珍奇区

重点推荐：

按照埃及的法老室以1：1的比例修建而成，木乃伊、化石等装饰元素全部采集于埃及，置身其中让人很容易产生朦胧的错觉，仿佛时光倒转。众多闻名的神像中，最著名的要数死神阿努比斯神像了。

皇家海洋主题乐园《海兽城堡》

海兽城堡(国内唯一的魔幻情景剧场) 以海洋童话为概念建造的城堡。步入城堡内部台阶，那些经过精琢细啄的堡顶、瞭望塔、护城墙以及国旗仿佛带你重回神秘的西方古堡。城堡四周有悠扬的古典皇家乐曲萦绕其间，传说中的武林至尊海象卡卡、美人鱼公主、白马王子、俄罗斯小丑、海兽明星他们无忧无虑快乐的生活着。然而有一天，噩梦忽然降临了这个平和安静的王国!

皇家极地海洋世界海豚表演 11:30 14:30

皇家极地海洋世界 美人鱼表演10:30 12:0014:30

皇家极地海洋世界 喂食秀表演10:15 14:10

夏威夷沙滩冲浪馆 章鱼舞台 11:10 14:30

玄武湖的荷花有白、红两种，红的似霞，白的如雪，谁看了都会陶醉。盛开的荷花有十多片花瓣，半开的荷花像一盏盏灯笼，最可爱的是那花骨朵儿了，小小的，圆圆的，逗人喜爱。一阵风儿吹来，荷塘里亭亭玉立的荷花姑娘们摇着身子翩翩起舞，有趣极了。随风而来的不仅是那荷花的舞姿，而且还送来了一阵阵令人心旷神怡的淡淡的清香。

春天，荷花种子一个个在淤泥里发芽长叶，夏天，碧绿的荷叶和墨绿的茎顶着各种各样的荷花破水而出，清新极了，真是“出淤泥而不染，濯清莲而不妖”，是啊!难怪南京人这样喜欢荷花呢!荷花美，荷叶也不甘示弱，它虽然不如荷花一般美丽，却以它默默无闻的精神打动了人们。荷花家族全是宝：根、茎、叶、花、花蕊都是中药，为病人治病，为人类作贡献。

《黄羚羊》和《红樱桃》都是南京培育出的荷花新品种，它俩在20xx年全国第十九届荷花展中分别获得一、二等奖。南京的《红灯笼》荣获碗莲栽培技术一等奖。南京的荷花在我的心目中是最美的!

尊敬的游客朋友们，大家好，欢迎来到长城!我是导游员马笑天，很高心认识大家。今天我将带领大家游览长城，希望大家玩的开心。在参观之前，我想提醒大家，注意安全，不要掉队。在游览过程中要注意保护环境，不要乱写乱画，我准备了垃圾袋，请大家不要乱扔垃圾。闲话不再多说，现在我们已经来到了长城的脚下。

我们现在看到的就是明代的长城。关于长城我就介绍这些，大家尽情的游览吧，我带了相机，如果需要照片，我可以帮忙。再次祝愿大家玩的开心和快乐。