英文导游词的创作与讲解【通用20篇】

"The filled with clouds, Trinidad jiangling also on the 1st. On both sides of the YuanSheng crow, boats already past thousands of mountains". This is a known "early onset treasure". This poem describes is the beautiful three gorges scenery.

Let us stepping the ancient charm, close to the nature, to see the beautiful scenery of the three gorges!!!!

The three gorges is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. Between the yichang of hubei province and chongqing fengjie Yangtze river. The three gorges scenery, beautiful, grand and risks, quiet and beautiful. This is really make people intoxicated in it! The mountain of the three gorges, continuous, canopy; The three gorges water, fast water rises, blocking the traffic. Winter, spring water pool back clear, beautiful scenery; In autumn, when the water is cold and dry gas apes sound sad. Of the author, scenery beautiful, fishermans song apes birds cry fall, all reflect the beauty of the the broken pieces back together!

Now let us into the three gorges, use our hearts to feel the beauty of the broken pieces back together!

Dear visitors, my name is yu-chen zhang, is jiujiang landscape travel guide. Today I lead you to visit the place is only in the "world heritage" of China cultural landscape - lushan scenic area.

Lushan mountain in jiujiang in jiangxi province in central China, the south, also known as "KuangShan", "KuangLu", lists of the Yangtze, tight in poyang lake. The whole of a total of more than 90 peaks. To hanyang peak, the highest peak either altitude 1473.4 meters, the lushan mountain scenery to "show, and the risks, the male" is famous, known as "KuangLu under well of guilin" reputation, is now main twelve landscape, 37, 230 scenery landscape. Lushan early have "lu" of fairy tales, fog day up to an average of 191 days, diffuse clouds of lushan added a lot of the beauty of the landscape charming and mysterious.

Lushan mountain is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, as well as a collection of scenery, culture, religion, education, politics, as one of the famous through the ages. Also has a unique quaternary glacial relics, is the theory of the quaternary glacial birthplace.

Now we can visit freely, then well come to here.

葆光室与锡晋斋之间有垂花门，上悬天香庭院匾额。垂花门南有竹圃，北有西府海棠两棵。锡晋斋是恭王府西路院落最北端的正房。锡普斋原名庆颐堂，俗称楠木房。有东西配房各五间，东房名为乐古斋，西房名为尔尔斋。庆颐堂据说缘起于乾隆所赐“庆颐良辅”匾额。和坤修建庆颐堂时模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫，面阔7间，前有庑廊，后出抱厦5间，平面呈凸字形。正中厅内东西北三面为两层暗楼，楼内的碧纱橱槛窗、栏杆等捕木装修，雕饰精美细致。其外檐柱的鼓形柱础，与承德普宁寺大乘阁的形制相同。嘉庆皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，和坤罪状第十三款中的“所盖捕木房屋，僭侈逾制，隔断式样皆仿宁寿宫制度”，即指此而言。恭亲王入住后把这里作为书房和文物收藏处所。而锡晋斋这个名称，一说是恭亲王奕?得到晋朝陆机的《平复帖》后所起;另一说是小恭王溥伟所起。这是王府府邸最精美的建筑。走到西路的最北端了，下面我们要到这王府府邸的后罩楼去看看。

后罩楼位于府邸和花园的衔接处，50多间房屋连成一排，达160多米长。这座朱楼是国内王府类建筑中最长的楼，被形容为“99间半房子”。后罩楼东部为瞻霁楼，西部为宝约楼。西端的5间房俗称“小迷宫”，这里有国内惟一的室内园林景观，两个楼层之间去除楼板，将亭台楼阁和假山溪流等搬进屋里。这几间室内花园将楼上楼下通连在一起，山石叠砌，可上可下，瀑布飞泻，亭台楼阁和小桥流水都非常精致。

此楼前檐出廊，后檐墙上每间上各开一窗，上层为形式各异的什锦窗，窗口砖雕精细，楼梯原为木假山形。楼中间偏西一间的下层有过道门，通向府后的花园。那么现在就让我们去王府后花园领略一番吧。

站在府邸与花园间的箭道上，远望王府后罩楼，是不是格外有气势呢?那么接下来，您将要游览的就是被称为“人间仙府”的恭王府花园。

60年代，周总理和红学专家周汝昌先生来到恭王府视察，走到景色迷人的种有一大片丝竹的潇湘院时，周先生提出潇湘院是不是红楼梦原型的说法。总理一看这个院子这么好，当时就产生了修缮开放的想法，目的是让人民了解中国古代的历史和文化。在当时文化部谷牧先生的主持下，恭王府花园部分在上世纪80年代时就正式开放了。

恭王府花园又称“萃锦园”，位于什刹海西侧的柳荫街，是北京城内数十座王府花园中规模最大、保存最好的，也是目前北京惟一一处以花园的名义对公众开放的王府。花园南北长约150米，东西宽170余米，占地约2.8万平方米，有古建筑30余处。此园后来的主人恭亲王奕忻为了重建花园曾调集百名能工巧匠，融江南园林风格与北方建筑格局为一体，汇中西建筑元素于一园，使之成为京师数十座王府之冠，可以称之“人间神仙府，什刹海的明珠”。恭王府花园布局精巧，景色宜人，有学者说它是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

现在我们穿过彩绘绘画的山洞就来到了散养区了，首先看到的是天鹅，黑天鹅分布于澳大利亚和新西兰(包括澳大利亚、新西兰、塔斯马尼亚及其附近的岛屿。)，而澳大利亚珀斯又有黑天鹅的故乡之称。而白天鹅喜欢集群营巢，有固定的配偶，实行一夫一妻制，一旦配对后永不分离。除夏季外，其它季节均能产卵繁殖，年产二十多只，经公母天鹅轮流孵化，35天后小天鹅即破壳而出。刚出壳的小天鹅毛色灰白色，几天后即可下水游泳了，三、四月龄毛色逐渐转变成白色，6月龄后具有与成年天鹅一样的体型和体重了。

再往上走，我们就会看到蓝孔雀和白孔雀，我们可以用红色的手绢在它们眼前晃一晃，因为孔雀爱比美，可能会开屏哦。大家知道开屏的孔雀是雄孔雀还是雌孔雀吗?对了，是雄孔雀开屏，那你们知道雄孔雀为什么开屏吗?这是因为开屏是它们求偶的一种方式，它开屏的另一个原因就是防御外敌，当它们身体受到威胁，或侵害时，用尾巴上的“眼睛”吓退敌人。蓝孔雀原来产于印度和斯里兰卡。它主要生活在丘陵的森林中，尤其在水域附近。清晨和傍晚它们随其群到田地里觅食。由于孔雀吃年幼的眼镜蛇，因此在印度它们非常受欢迎，在许多地方它们不会遭到捕猎，它们可以非常亲人。

如果运气好的话，在散养区的最里边我们可以看到鸳鸯，鸳鸯害羞、怕人，因此，在游人多的地方，不容易看到。鸳鸯在人们的心目中是永恒爱情的象征，是一夫一妻、相亲相爱、白头偕老的表率，甚至认为鸳鸯一旦结为配偶，便陪伴终生，即使一方不幸死亡，另一方也不再寻觅新的配偶，而是孤独凄凉地度过余生。其实这只是人们看见鸳鸯在水中的亲昵举动，通过联想产生的美好愿望，事实上，鸳鸯在生活中并非总是成对生活的，配偶更非终生不变，在鸳鸯的群体中，雌鸟也往往多于雄鸟。咱们看到的天鹅才是一夫一妻的典范，一旦配对后永不分离。

现在大家游过了天趣苑，前面将要到的是红叶谷景区唯一一处历史人文景观兴教寺。在这里沿途大家也可以欣赏一下这一段充满文化气息的长廊，也被习惯地称为文化墙壁，上面作品都是出自于一些有名气的书法家和作家之手，这些作品可能会为一些研究和爱好书法的朋友们提供一处取之不尽，用之不竭的艺术宝库，有兴趣的朋友们，可以细细的品味一下。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是?万岁?，我是?万福?!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

Dear visitors, today we will visit the emperor worship was formerly place - the temple of heaven.

Ming yongle emperor after moved in Beijing enterprise of Beijing, the big site modeled nanjing is established for this role in praying to alter, covers an area of reached 273 million square meters. Lord architecture is big, is also the site of QiNianDian position today. The temple of heaven has outer wall and the altar, the north is round compound has wall, the south is square, take meaning nature round place. In the beginning, heaven and offering ground is the temple of heaven, until the jiajing years in beicheng built ditan, just separate, and new MengDong HuanQiu altar, for the original big praying to the site, and great temple, instead, when MengChun specially for the mega garden just house roof was three double-hipped roof, from top to bottom blue and yellow green colors representing the earthen universe. And in qianlong multiplied, instead of the house, and now QiNianDian with roof tiles blue glazed tile. Thus formed today what we see of the worlds largest ceremonial buildings.

But such a praying to the holy land, but also once was in the anglo-french allied in 1860, then the looted in 1900 was again the ravages of g8 coalition. In 1916 the reign of yuan shikai once also in the temple of heaven has played a ceremonial farce. In 1918, the temple of heaven park end up with open. After the liberation tiantan not only become the famous tourist attractions, and still part of the Beijing urban green space, come here not only is the tourists, also have some specifically for the old people vti).

Now lets put the altar along the route that the emperor start the tour.

re going to see is HuanQiu altar of ancient emperor worship. There are two ways HuanQiu surrounded wall, make foreign inside the circle, accord with that nature round place. Every wall all have four groups lingxingmeng, from east ordinal it is tai yuan, zhao heng, GuangLi, ChengZhen, each group sanmen, a total of 24 seats, called "cloud gate jade". You can notice, lingxingmeng size are different, this is because in door is god dedicated, so tall; Only from the door of the emperor into; But other officials can only from the right side of the door through the smallest. And the same platform is emperor ceremonies in worship before replacement offering clothing and wash ones hands and face with local, called served Chinese Taiwan. Came to HuanQiu altar, well start next put altar, but I please pay attention to each layer of how many steps square. To top it all, we also found, the altar all steps number, guard board number are nine or multiples of nine. Every board a layer, have 9 steps, mesa tablets of stone, called pure among the first lap the periphery of nine laps huge brick slab, the second lap fan 18 blocks, and so on, to most outside the 9th lap is just 81 block; And everybody looked can see enclosure panels were all steps is divided into four parts, each part also has nine pieces, while middle-level enclosure panel is 18 blocks, lower is 27 pieces, these arent all be coincidence? Of course not, because according to the Yin yang-five elements, it is extremely Yang number nine, so ancient craftsman will use this digital to give HuanQiu sets the noble thoughts.

Imagination of hutong in Beijing, is a quiet, clean, harmonious and peaceful. When I enter the hutong neighborhoods, sitting on the human tricycles, accompanied by the bell, shuttle less in the courtyard of neat feeling.

My trip to Beijing hutong from pipe smoke byway started the earliest Beijing hutongs, but no impression of shadow. In addition to the old, bumpy and full of mud green flag to prove its history, on both sides of the house is a bit cant see the years vicissitudes of life. House is trying to keep the style of of primitive simplicity, but seem very uncomfortable. Who lives with shops, mixed with underwear hanging on the street without cover, buzzing flies unbridled ground playing the rubbish in the corner.

Through the pipe of diagonal into hutong neighborhoods, slowly to find a little feeling. The afternoon sun on a few sparse poplar tree in the alley, and from leaking in leaf gap between, on the ground to form the dappled light and shadow, birds and cicadas seems to break the silence, silence silent. Away from the downtown of hutong, a peaceful, as if every other city. Without a map, only know that all the hutongs out "through", also no matter so much, go blind. And so, hutong tour pleasantly surprised unceasingly, full of fun. , for example, two turn son, encountered the drum tower, and walk, a while after the sultry swaying willow Yin was the palace, is the big corrupt official and arsenic home garden. And the 13 middle school in Beijing, is the tao baylor ye palace. Hey! In one hundred old buildings learning modern scientific and cultural knowledge, probably see a new world. The school, will be a combination of classical and modern perfectly. Turn seven took, hit the mei lanfangs former residence. This is a standard siheyuan, is rich to live within the range of a spacious house. The siheyun of now see on television, share, is also home to a few few single-family house. a

Walking in the alley, see the houses are painted on both sides of the road, the green paint, green paint falls off in some places, revealing the mottled walls. Buy a pile of hutong postcards all the ruins, the roof long weeds, parked at the gate of broken bicycle; Vendors carry a burden, shaved teacher carrying carrying pole with its load, a knife of pushing the car, Shouting a lane. Hutong in summer is cool, winter? The wind through the alleys, snow, blocking the road to sell carbon labored to pull tricycle difficult along...

Yes, Beijings hutong is ailing. A history of coagulation, in one hundred the capital of the humanities, thus being a little eating into high-rise buildings. Many people always called for, Shouting: "put some hutongs left to future generations," the idea is good, but for those three generations the petty townsfolk and ordinary people, old and young in a room, in order to keep hutongs and crowded in a small room, it is not fair. Now hutongs, some really has been broken, and only those who deliberately protection of cultural relics are beautiful, the other only in front of the fuzzy stone, lost the edges of the board and the towering old trees recording the hutongs prosperous. And all this, it is necessary to be replaced by a modern things, because things are growing.

My hutong tour will be at the end, I walked into a halal Beijing snack bar, choose the opening on the seat, smelling the aroma of Fried cake, steamed stuffed bun, through the be born glass looked at the street. The lights on, hutong courtyard raised smoke, children playing by his mother calling home for dinner. And I look around the store, the edge of the square table is diners. From the human face, I cant see the tall building is yearning, also can not read and attachment to the hutong, perhaps in hutong life has become a historical inertia, or perhaps, they change from the bottom of my heart quietly looking forward to...

英文的导游词范文

英文导游词范文——陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

the great mosque at huajue lane

the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.

islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.

however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.

among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.

the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.

according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.

the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.

the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

英文导游词范文——陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum

emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had annexed the six rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.

in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.

after he had annexed the other six states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”

emperor qin shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been excavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.

no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of xiyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.

no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.

no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of hexi corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by xiang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.

the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.

thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were exquisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.

in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.

no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

藏经阁又名法堂，明代所建，毁于1928年，1994年重建，它是寺僧藏经说法的场所。内供少林寺的一位缅甸国弟子于1996年揖赠的汉白玉卧佛像一尊。在藏经阁月台下有一口大铁锅，是明代万历年铸造的，据说是当时少林寺和尚用来炒菜用的小锅，从这口锅内可以想象到少林寺复当时的昌盛与繁荣。

藏经阁东西两厢分别是东禅堂、西客堂，东禅堂是供僧人坐禅的地方，西客堂现为接待宾客的场所。

方丈室是少林寺住持僧(也就是方丈)起居、生活、理事的地方。乾隆十五年九月二十九日，乾隆游历嵩山时曾在此住宿。方丈室门口东侧的钟为元代铸造，此钟只能在遇到紧急情况下方可击之，起报警作用。

达摩亭又称立雪亭。殿内神龛中供奉的是铜质达摩坐像，两侧分别是二祖慧可、三祖僧灿、四祖道信、五祖弘忍。殿内悬挂的“雪印心珠”四字乃乾隆皇帝御题。说起达摩亭还有一个动人的故事。据佛教经典记载：达摩来到少林寺后，有一中国高僧神光也追随而来，虚心向达摩求教，被达摩拒绝，神光并不灰心。达摩到石洞面壁坐禅，神光侍立其后，达摩回寺院料理佛事，神光也跟回寺院，神光对达摩精心照料，形影不离。对禅师的一举一动，心悦口服，就这样日复一日，年复一年。公元536年冬天的一个夜晚，达摩在达摩亭坐禅入定，神光依旧侍立在亭外，这时天上下起了大雪，大雪淹没了神光的双膝，神光仍双手合十，一动也不动，第二天早上达摩开定后，见神光站在雪地里，就问他：“你站在雪地里干什么?”神光回答说：“求师傅传授真法。”达摩说：“要我传法给你，除非天隆红雪。”

神光解意，抽出戒刀，砍去了自已的左臂，鲜血顿时柒红了白雪，达摩心动，遂把衣钵法器传给了神光，作为传法的凭证，并为其取名为“慧可”。我们现在所说的“衣钵真传”的成语故事即源于此。“断臂求法”的故事也一直为禅家所传诵。同时，为纪念二祖慧可立雪断臂求得佛法，人们又称“达摩亭”为“立雪亭”。

我们眼前的这两匹石马，原是宋代太师太保、右卫将军、驸马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将它们迁置于山门前。大家看到的这座山门，为牌坊式歇山顶，建于明代。1987年翻修了顶部，木质匾额上的“白马寺”三字，是中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初先生题写的。三个门洞，象征着佛教所说的“三解脱门”佛教称之为涅磐之门。三个门洞都是用砖和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，从字体上看此种券石应是东汉遗物，是白马寺内现存早的文物。

白马寺山门内西侧，有一巨大的半截残碑，残高约1.7米，宽1.4米，相传此碑为宋代翰林学士、著名文人苏易简撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一长行通写到底，而是用短行分成几排写出来，别具格式，故称“断文碑”，为白马寺六景之一。

山门东侧，为元代所遗存的《洛京白马寺祖庭记》碑，通高3.5米，宽1.15米，碑额“洛京白马寺祖庭记”八字为篆书。此碑立于元代至顺四年(公元1333年)，由元代华严名僧仲华文才撰文，内有“上梦金人，自西飞至，身光炜，以迟旦告所梦于臣下”，“遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西访至天竺，遇沙门迦摄摩腾、竺法兰”等句子，碑文称白马寺为“祖庭”和“释源”，并说“释源居中天，权舆佛法之地”，实为“腾、兰二神僧开教之绪”。仲华文才后来到了佛教“四大名山”之一的五台山，成为五台山名刹佑国寺的开山代主持。这篇碑文，应是他卓锡白马寺时所撰。碑文楷书，字体潇洒工整，丰神秀骨，实为不可多得的书法艺术珍品。因此碑不曾留下书丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自谁手，遂成一桩悬案。但字体为“赵体”。

前面这座东西对称的建筑，东侧为新建的钟楼，钟楼前有民国时期所建的五间“门头堂”;西侧为新建的鼓楼，鼓楼前有民国时所建的“云水堂”。“门头堂”、“云水堂”现已辟为佛教法物流通处和旅游接中心。

在钟楼以东、鼓楼以西，靠近东西两侧围墙，分别为摄摩腾、竺法兰二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾长期禅居白马寺内译经传教，在这里他们共同译出了中国早的汉文佛经《四十二章经》。他们先后圆寂于白马寺，就葬于寺内，现墓前有明代崇祯七年(1634年)所立墓碑，“腾兰墓”也为白马寺六景之一。

现在我们看到的这座大殿称为天王殿，是白马寺内重大殿。此殿因殿内供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚弥勒佛，他笑容满面，和蔼可亲，右手持念珠，左手握布带，形象生动有趣，为明代造像作品。在中国汉族的佛寺中，座大殿通常都供奉弥勒佛。人们进入佛寺中，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，会对佛门产生一种亲切之感。

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水迴澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

各位团友，今天我讲解的内容是福州明清时期古建筑瑰宝——三坊七巷。

三坊七巷地处市中心，东临八一七北路，西靠通湖路，北接杨桥路，南达吉庇巷、光禄坊，占地约40公顷，现居民3678户，人口14000余人。三坊七巷是南后街两旁从北到南依次排列的十条坊巷的简称。三坊是：衣锦坊、文儒坊、光禄坊;七巷是杨桥巷、郎官巷、塔巷、黄巷、安民巷、宫巷、吉庇巷。由于吉庇巷、杨桥巷和光禄坊改建为马路，现在保存的实际只有二坊五巷。即使如此，在这个历史悠久的居民区内，仍然保留着丰富的文物古迹，保存一批名人故居和明清时代的建筑。在这居民区内，坊巷纵横，石板铺地;白墙青瓦，结构严谨;房屋精致，匠艺奇巧，集中体现了闽越古城的民居特色，是闽江文化的荟萃之所，被建筑界喻为一座规模庞大的明清古建筑博物馆。

“三坊七巷”是国家历史文化名城——福州的主要标志，被誉为明清古建筑博物馆。近代诗人陈衍诗云：“谁知五柳孤松客，却住三坊七巷间。”这大约就是“三坊七巷”的由来。

三坊七巷的民风民俗也是福州民风民俗的代表，许多节俗活动常以三坊七巷为中心，它包括民间信仰、岁时节庆活动、建筑物中的民俗等。

“月光光，照池塘;骑竹马，过洪塘;洪塘水深难得渡，等妹撑船来接郎。问郎长，问郎短，问郎几时返?”这是唐朝观察使常衮作的一首民谣。它曾给居住在三坊七巷的几代百姓带来多少童年的回忆。直到现在，特别是老一辈人听到这首琅琅上口的民谣仍激动不已。

三坊七巷，以它近300座的明清民居古建筑物闻名于世。古老的街巷，完整的坊里，配以古河道、古桥梁、古榕树，形成了古朴而富有特色的传统风貌，引起了国内外许多文物考古专家的广泛兴趣，成为游客前来福州的必到之处。可以说，它是“全国少见，江南仅有”。而老家在福州的海外游子，三坊七巷是他们魂牵梦绕、难以忘怀的故园乡土。

各位游客，大家好，位于武汉市东湖畔的湖北省博物馆，是我国重要的国家级博物馆，馆藏文物丰富。博物馆内绿荫掩映，综合陈列馆、楚文化馆、编钟馆等仿古建筑三足鼎立，构成一个“品”字，其布局体现了古楚国建筑的“一台一殿”、“多台成组”的高台建筑布局格式。

游览湖北博物馆，最值得看的是四大镇馆之宝：1978年出土于“曾侯乙墓”的曾侯乙编钟，音域宽广，音色优美，可以演奏中外各种乐曲，它的出土，改写了世界音乐史;中国冷兵器时代的精品之作越王勾践剑，至今锋利无比，在它边上展出的是“吴王夫差矛”，生前两人是死对头，死后两人的兵器“在一起”;郧县人头骨化石的地质年代距今约100万年，早于北京猿人的头骨化石;元青花四爱图梅瓶，是元代青花瓷中极其罕见的精品。“元青花”制作精美而传世极少，反映人物图案的器物更为罕见。

湖北地处长江中游，在春秋、战国时期属于楚国的疆域，博物馆的日常展览具有非常鲜明的古楚文化和古代长江流域文明的特征。目前馆内常设展览有《楚文化展》、《郧县人——长江中游的远古人类》、《屈家岭——长江中游的史前文化》、《盘龙城——长江中游的青铜文明》等。这些展览，展示了与北方黄河文明不一样的中国南方古代文明。

在博物馆观赏文物之余，还可以欣赏编钟表演。在馆内的演奏厅，每天有四场编钟表演，时间是10:30、11:30、14:30、15:30，每场演出时间约20分钟。看编钟表演需要另外收费，每场15元。

馆内展出文物和陈列位可能因需求而变动，游客可以依照馆内的指示牌进行参观。湖北博物馆内设有游客休息区域和商店，商店内出售仿制的部分文物。

重庆山水都市导游词_重庆山水都市讲解词

重庆因嘉陵江古称“渝水”，故重庆简称“渝”。重庆，它是一座山城，因建立在重重山峦之上，起伏的山势和依山而建的楼房让地图在这里显得用处不大，因为地图是平面的，而重庆则是立体的，被称为“山水之都”。下面是第一范文网小编为大家整理的重庆山水都市导游词，欢迎参考!

篇一：重庆山水都市导游词

亲爱的游客朋友们：

大家好，欢迎来到美丽的山城重庆，现在请大家跟我一道去了解重庆、认识重庆、爱上重庆吧。

重庆是我国的历史文化名城，古称江州，后又称巴郡、楚州、渝州、恭州。公元1189年宋光宗在此先封恭王后即帝位，自诩双重喜庆，升恭州为重庆府，重庆由此得名。重庆曾经历三次建都，第一次为商周时期巴国都地;第二次为元末大夏国都;第三次是在中国抗日战争时，为国民政府的战时陪都，故又称三都之地。重庆也曾三次直辖，即1939年行政院直辖，新中国成立初期中央直辖，最后在1997年重庆成为中国第四个 ，中国西部唯一的直辖市。

重庆更是一座山水之城，位于东经105°17′~110°11′北纬28°10′~32°13′之间，中国西南部四川盆地多低山、丘陵带，为嘉陵江和长江所环绕，幅员8.24万平方公里，辖40个区县，有49个民族，人口3144万。重庆属亚热带季风性湿润气候，冬暖夏热，雨量充沛，温润多阴，湿度大，便造就了重庆美女们的好皮肤。

说到重庆美女，就不得不提到我们现在所在的，美女云集的解放碑了。

任何一个城市都有自己的标志，任何一个标志性建筑都是一个城市的历史的浓缩与见证，说到重庆，最能体现重庆人精神，最具代表性的，就是我们现在所看到的这座人民解放纪念碑了。它最初落成于1940年孙中山先生逝世纪念日，并被命名为精神堡垒，以激励中华民众奋力抗争以取得胜利，抗战胜利后，在其原址动工修建了抗战胜利纪念碑，以纪念抗日战争的伟大胜利。1949年11月30日，重庆解放。1950年10月1日，重庆人民在此隆重庆祝了新中国成立后的第一个国庆节，正式将抗战胜利纪念碑改为人民解放纪念碑，简称解放碑。

解放碑全部由钢筋水泥建造，碑高27.5米，其结构由碑身、碑座、标准钟、了望台等部分组成，碑的正面镌刻着功勋卓著的刘伯承元帅亲自题写的“重庆人民解放纪念碑”。

重庆解放碑石抗战胜利和重庆解放的历史见证，还是重庆唯一的一座纪念抗日战争胜利的纪念碑。

97直辖后，解放碑大十字区域改造成为了商业步行街，以其为核心的解放碑商贸中心，即休闲、娱乐、商务、金融、购物、餐饮等综合功能为一体，驻渝世界500强企业多云集于此，是长江上游的黄金商贸区，是重庆的十字金街和中国西部第一街。

好了，解放碑我就为大家简单的介绍到这里，现在就请大家随意品尝这里的美食，打望这里的美女吧。

篇二：重庆山水都市导游词

各位嘉宾，尊敬的朋友,早上好!欢迎大家到重庆观光旅游.我是重庆天鹅国旅导游 ，非常荣幸能有机会陪同大家一同游览山城风光，在这两天的时间里，我将尽我所能为大家服务好，也希望各位能喜欢欣赏我的导游服务，在这里预祝各位在重庆玩得开心愉快，留下一段美好的记忆!

首先我简单介绍重庆的历史，重庆是全国最早评定的56个历史文化名城之一，因为它有着3000多年历史,曾经3次建都，可能大家能记起它是古巴蜀的巴国国都，其次是抗战时期中华民国的战时首都--陪都。经历了艰苦卓绝的抗日战争，全世界关注着中国，也了解了重庆，所以它又是联合国所颁布的中国三个世界历史文化名城之一。以前有个字谜，二个喜字一担挑，猜一个城市，谜底是重庆。它的得名就是双重喜庆的意思，宋代藩王赵惇分封到西南的恭州作了恭王，不知怎的很快又登基作了皇帝，前思后想，这不是双重喜庆嘛，所以御笔一挥，替重庆取了个吉祥名儿。古重庆先民自嘉陵江入境，并发展壮大。嘉陵江有如重庆的母亲河，嘉陵江古称“渝水”，所以重庆简称渝，李白诗云“夜发清溪向三峡，思君不见下渝州”各位游毕重庆，是否也会思恋重庆的夜景、火锅，山城美女呢，

面积8.23万平方公里,辖4个县级市,13个区,23 重庆是中国西部最大的城市,也是中国4个直辖市之一。

个县,总人口3320万,为中国最年轻的人口最多的，面积最大的直辖市。说起来重庆还是中国第一个计划单列的城市呢，它的现状可称“日新月异”，但毕竟不能与深圳、上海等相比，因为它正代表着全中国的情况，大工业，大农业，人口多、负担重，有老区、民族区、库区。重庆二十多年的实践在工业、农业、商业多方面都出台了一批后来风行全国的政策及经验。从这个角度上重庆的进步，对全国是有着非凡意义的，在重庆出了一个、三个共和国元帅，而邓小平同志及李鹏或由重庆走向社会或渊源极深、所以他们的关怀及扶持也是重庆直辖及近两年飞跃发展的原因之一。而三峡工程的兴建，虽然对重庆的生态环境影响较大，但也给了重庆新的机遇，重整山河再建新重庆嘛。

说到重庆的地形，很多同志都会一口道出“山城”，真的名符其实，它地处四川盆地东部，丘陵地带，群山环抱，城市就建在山上，所谓山是一座城，城是一座山，起伏盘旋的道路，半岛上密密的、层次分明各种不同风格建筑，给重庆展现出绝佳的立体美，而环绕主城区的长江，嘉陵江如两条银色的腰带，登临“山城花冠”南山一棵树观景台，古佛图关及峨岭瞰胜楼，真是江山如画，而重庆的确是中国最大的山水园林城市。蔡鄂将军避难重庆时就曾题诗“两条银线自天来，山势随江合复开，自古巴渝称重镇、半空峨岭出高台”。有机会大家可以去尝试一下。当然立体的城市也就有立体的交通。桥梁、隧洞、电梯、缆车、索道。重庆有中国桥都之称，仅在市区就有7座大桥，全市更难以计数。当然这里面最著名的有二座，重庆长江大桥建于文革刚结束的1978年，全重庆市民积极参加，以大会战形式建成。桥头是叶帅的题词，另一个是长官工程及腐败的象征，綦江彩虹桥，它的审案震惊全国。当然新建的彩虹桥美仑美奂，如艺术精品一般，沿途上大家就能领悟到重庆的五多一少，刚才说了桥多，还有洞多，隧道多，缆车多、台阶多和自行车少，大家看到这山壁边一个个的洞口,现在只是小店，小作坊，它的来历就大了，抗日战争时正宗的防空洞，当然也有三线建设所建，作为战略大后方，备战备荒的要求，重庆很多厂、商场就建在洞内，在全重庆城区内广罗密布，交织成网，一度重庆想在此基础上建地铁，后来觉得工程太大，改建了轻轨。由于里面冬暖夏凉，成为许多火锅老板的必争之地。你想，冬天不用开暖气，夏天不用开冷气，多省钱啊。重庆台阶多是让外地人挺头痛的事，爬坡上坎太累，可想想重庆女孩子为什么身材这么好吗?那就是因为台阶多，女孩子可以随处免费健身。而且重庆人心脏病患者也极少，好处不少啊。俗话说得好：“好个重庆城，山高路不平，楼在岩上建，车在山上奔，门多隧道多，桥美壮山城”

出门前，我想大家一定会看电视了解这几天重庆的气温。说到重庆的气候特征。它曾经有两个名字名闻全国。就是“雾都”与“火炉”之称。重庆是与伦敦齐名的世界著名雾都，春秋之季，最是多雾，白雾自江中升起，如轻纱笼罩，非常好看了，但浓雾茫茫，遮天被日，江岸不分，甚至一大早起来伸手不见五指，对面不见来人，对交通安全危害就极大了，但雾也有它的妙处，抗战时日机长期疯狂轰炸重庆城，给重庆带来极大的损失及伤害，但重庆人民的意志就象市内解放碑的前身--精神堡垒一样，炸塌了又重建，木质的垮了建砖石的，永不屈服。在艰苦的抗战岁月，人们采用了特别的办法，全城的建筑都涂成灰褐色，空中望去与雾色融成了一片。所以现在幸存的几栋抗战建筑都还是这种保护色。当然大雾天，日机不出动，就是大家高兴的上街购物娱乐的时候了。在中共南方局的领导下，以郭沫若、阳翰笙、田汉、老舍、曹禺等进步作家推出了大量宣传抗战、鼓舞人民士气的剧作，如“屈原”“孔雀胆”“蔡文姬”“法西斯细菌”等等，轰动一时，所以重庆至今保留了雾季艺术节的传统。重庆也有“三看三不看”一说---看晚上不看白天，看雾天不看晴天，看女孩子不看男孩子。由于我们重庆是工业区，基本看不到晴空万里的景象，雾天朦朦胧胧的反而使重庆城蒙上了一层薄纱，有点虚幻的美，山城的夜景更是天下闻名，比起香港，纽约的流光溢彩，重庆夜景立体感强、层次分明，江景、山色、夜景浑然一体，交相辉映，万家灯火宛如银河璀灿繁星 更有如梦如幻的感觉，让人赞不绝口了，至于重庆女孩子与男孩子的比较，纯属笑谈了，可能是因为重庆的女孩子兼有玲珑娇、泼辣刁、白又靓 个性鲜明，招人喜欢。

重庆另一名称"火炉"，是说重庆是长江上三大火炉之一，另二处是武汉及南京。不过30℃以上天气，重庆持续时间最长，温度最高，绝对温度42.3℃，日平均气温耶。而且重庆空气湿热，如蒸笼一般，让人弊得慌。半夜一二点还不降温。说起来这是重庆地理环境决定，地处亚热带，气温高;两江环绕，水份蒸发强烈;群山环抱、空气流通不畅，冷空气无法进入，降温成雨，形成温热的气候，春秋天吸附空气中的灰尘，也就成了雾。湿润的气候成了重庆人第二美容术，皮肤姿润。

重庆潮湿的气候也造就了重庆别具一格的饮食。有道是食在四川，味在重庆。除了麻婆豆腐、夫妻肺片，鱼香肉丝等老三篇外。基夲上最新最热门的菜品，都是重庆厨师所创，历年大赛夺奖也以重庆厨师为主，成都菜品味偏淡、味甜。而重庆厨师就会下猛药，味多、味广、味重、味厚，麻辣鲜香、荔枝味啦等等，保证留下深刻印象。这其中最典型的饮食，就数山城火锅啦，风靡全国，而重庆一半的饮食店都是火锅店。驱湿通汗最见功效，而摇着蒲扇、流着热汗、光着膀子、大呼小叫那更是街边一景。重庆人就把火锅称为热盆景。菜品丰富，味道浓洌爽口。吃得热闹，食得卫生。现己成为重庆人过年办席首选。在重庆游了最著名的景区，最好也品尝一下最精彩的饮食，那才算不虚此行了。

我们现在的位置就是朝天门的观景广场了,朝天门是重庆古城门之一。码头始建于西汉年间,因为古称蜀道难、难于上青天，所于长江成了进入巴蜀最重要的通道，古代地方官吏就在此沙滩恭迎圣旨。而明代朝天门位置还正对当时的天子城南京，所以得名。大家请往前看,左边则是青如碧玉的嘉陵江,右边是黄澄澄如赤金的长江,它们的是缠绵了几千里才到这里汇重逢的,是不是应了中国的那句古话:"有缘千里来相会"呢!朝天门就是嘉陵江,长江两江汇合的地方.我们喜欢称这为:金玉良缘.

朝天门广场是于1998年三月动工,同年12月30日正式对外开放,是全国目前最大的屋顶广场,有1.7万平方米,这个广场有4层楼高,高21.8米,如果大家有兴趣的话,可走到河边,回过头望来,你会发现它形如巨轮，整个渝中区半岛就是它的船身,气势宏大,或许象拥有3000多万巴渝儿女的重庆,将一往无前的从朝天门起程,随着滚滚东去的长江,奔向大海走向世界!

今天的游览就要结束了.该向各位道声再见了，首先感谢大家的支持配合，顺利的完成了一天的旅游活动。我也有幸结识了一些新朋友，当然，对我服务不到之处也请各位谅解，当然我是希望能喜欢我的导游服务。祝各位在以后的旅程平安顺利，玩得开心愉快! 欢迎有机会再来重庆游玩，也最好带上你的亲人和朋友，如有可能我会再次作陪. 尽情游览重庆的山山水水，谢谢大家!再见!

篇三：重庆山水都市导游词

游客朋友们大家好，是你们今天的导游。我姓罗，大家叫我小罗就可以了。旁边是我们的司机张师傅，在此我们代表重庆国际旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎

诶，咱们先来做个谜题，好不好?“双重喜庆”打个地名。对，很多朋友呀都告诉小罗正确答案。没错，正是大家所憧憬的历史文化名城——重庆。重庆古称江州，后又称巴郡，楚州，渝州，恭州。公元1189年，宋光宗在此先封恭王，后即帝位，自诩双重喜庆，后升恭州为重庆府，重庆由此而得名。重庆地跨东经105度11分——110度11分，北纬28度10分——32度13分之间，总面积达8.24万平方公里，下辖43个区县。生活在这一片热土上的民族多达49个，总人口3100万。重庆东邻湖北湖南，南靠贵州，西连四川省，北接四川和陕西省。长江干流自西向东横贯全境，汇集了嘉陵江、乌江、綦江、大宁河及其他大小支流上百条。重庆属于亚热带季风性湿润气候，冬暖夏热，雨量充沛，湿度大。其独特的气候特点，使这里的气温又略高于同纬度其他地区。

说道重庆的历史沿革，就不得不掰掰“三”这个数字了。概括起来，重庆有三次建都，三次直辖。第一次为商周时期巴国都地，第二次为元末大夏国国都，第三次则是在中国抗日战争时期，为国民政府的战时首都。那么三次直辖分别是1920xx年重庆正式建市，新中国成立初期为中共西南局和西南军委会驻地，为中央直辖市。最后就是在1997年重庆成为中国第四个也是中西部唯一的直辖市。

刚刚也提到了，重庆是我国的历史文化名城，因此想要好好了解和体验它的古文化，就不得不来重庆主城区内唯一的千年古镇瓷器口探一番究竟了。瓷器口古镇，位于市区近郊，东临嘉陵江，南接沙坪坝，西接童家桥，北靠石井坡，面积1.18平方公里，以明清时盛产及转运瓷器而得名。瓷器口原名龙隐镇，传说明朝初年朱元璋之孙允汶皇帝被四叔燕王朱棣篡位，削发为僧来重庆，隐避于宝轮寺，天王殿墙上有“龙隐禅院”四个大字。故将原“白岩镇”改名为“龙隐镇”。在1920xx年地方商绅集资在青草坡创建了新工艺制瓷的“蜀瓷厂”，瓷器质地很好，品种繁多，名声渐大，产品远销省内外。渐渐地“磁器口”名代替了“龙隐镇”。现已发现古窑遗址20余处。

在古镇磁器口最有特色的一景是茶馆。昔日在这千年古镇，随处可见茶馆。当年的水手、袍哥大爷、闲杂人等都喜爱出入此间，茶馆成了龙蛇混杂之地。陪都期间，这里的小镇茶馆达100多个。其特色是“书场茶馆”，又称艺人茶馆，是品茗欣赏民间艺术的地方。特别是晚上能在茶馆登台说书的人，都是上品的高手，所以人们称之为“品仙台”，都是挂牌说书，看谁有绝技高招，谁能争取更多的茶客让茶馆生意兴隆，老板一高兴得到的红包就越厚实。直到如今，茶馆仍是磁器口一景，百来米长的老街便有13家茶馆，家家茶客满座，古风犹存。名特小吃毛血旺、软烩千张、椒盐花生被誉为磁器口的“三宝”。

大家是不是越听越心动，想去品尝品尝呢?就请你们跟我一同下车，一起去体会一下吧。

尊敬的各位来宾：欢迎大家来天台山天湖景区参观浏览，我是台州华顶旅行社的导游小许。天台山天湖风景区是一处聚山水;集人文为一体的国家4A级旅游区。距天台县城公3公里，地理位置得天独厚。

天湖景区具有四大特征。一是此山为天台山之龙脉，天台山山有八重，四面如一。唯独此山横卧盆地正中，其型如龙，故名龙山，为天台宗创始人智者大师入天台山隐修之地。山上峰峦叠翠，怪石耸峭，有“松隐林泉”`“熊猫戏龟”等景点。

二是水清湖碧，水为蛟龙藏身之处，自古就有“龙游曲涧”`蛟龙飞瀑”，景区由下天湖 中天湖 上天湖 串成的三叠湖 分别具有观赏 垂钓 休闲等功能。

三是佛教兴盛，“自古名山僧占多”，历史上天湖景区曾接纳了智者这样的一代宗师，如今尚有如来古洞，智者宴座 观音峰 济公岩等遗迹胜景。

四是名人荟萃，历代名人对天湖景区都情有独钟，词赋大家苏东坡 书法大家米芾 风流倜傥的唐伯虎清高宗弘历都曾游历此地，并留下了珍贵的墨宝。下面请大家随我进入景区尽情欣赏

各位来宾：天湖风景区是块风水宝地，前有绿水环绕，后有青山相靠。前面映入大家眼睑的这条溪流，叫做始丰溪，是天台人民的母亲河全场68公里，汇入灵江流入东海。天湖风景区所在的青山名叫龙山。说起龙山，有一个“九龙造天台”的古老传说。天台“山有八重，四面如一，顶对三辰，当牛女分野，上应台宿，故名天台”，台州天台山因而得名。这八重山象征着八条龙，我们身下的这座龙山们于盆地中心，与周围大山不相连，乃是九龙之首。

Henan province is located in the middle of our country, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, east is east longitude 110 ° 21 ~ 116 ° 39, north latitude 22 ° 23 ~ 36 ° 31 between, and ji, jin, shan, hubei, anhui, shandong province, adjacent to something about 580 km long, about 550 km north-south across it. The provinces land area 16.7 square kilometers, the 17th in different provinces in the country.

By the end of 20xx, the provincial jurisdiction over 17 municipalities, 1 was made, 21 county city, 48 municipal district, 89 counties, 2123 townships, 48000 administrative villages. Municipalities as: zhengzhou, kaifeng, luoyang, pingdingshan, anyang, hebi, xinxiang, jiaozuo, puyang, xuchang, luo river, sanmenxia, nanyang, shangqiu, the establishment of a region is: zhoukou, zhurnadian, Yang letter, made the city of jiyuan city.

At the end of 20xx in henan province total population of 95.55 million people, the first in the nation, the population density is 572 people/km2. As of 20xx, the province han, constituting 98.78% of the total population in addition to the han, hui, Mongolian, manchu, tujia, zhuang, uygur, miao, such as 50 ethnic minorities, accounting for 1.22% of the total population in the province.

Henan province is one of the main birthplace of the Chinese nation. Wuhuatianbao, talents, talents and heroes. As far back as four thousand years ago the neolithic age, The original people created the famous "PeiLiGang culture", "yangshao culture" and "longshan culture". Here has spawned a thinker in ancient China, Li Er, zhuangzi, politicians shang, Reese, scientist zhang heng, medical sage zhang zhongjing, writer han yu, philosopher, IQ, cheng cheng, a national hero yue fei and general ji hongchang, jing-yu Yang, Peng Xuefeng, deng yingchao historical figures such as more than 1000 people. In the long history of China, henan in Chinas political, military, economic, cultural always occupy the important position. Successively with 20 dynasty capital or capital company in henan, Chinas seven ancient capitals of henan will have three (luoyang, kaifeng and anyang).

In henan this land, ever staged scenes historical drama, such as Lawrence w. zhou felling, duke of camp lo, spring and autumn period, warring states sought hegemony between feudal lords, liu xiang confrontation, light Wu Liuxiu xing han, cao Wei Zhongyuan hero, sui end watts riots, song taizu chenqiao mutiny, YueFeiKang gold bloody battle, li zhongyuan a bloody battle, hankou-beijing "erqi" storm, liu Deng Dajun into the central plains, etc. The changing of history, is in the left deep traces the central plains of China.

In zhongzhou earth, a world-famous scenic spots and historical sites, majestic mountains rivers, climate pleasant summer resort, a long history of ancient culture, magnificent ancient buildings, precious rare historical relics, singular diversiform flowers beast, rich and colorful culture, colorful customs rich tourism resources, etc. From the point of Chinas seven ancient capitals, possession of luoyang, kaifeng and anyang, henan three. Ancient (out), river (Yellow River), boxing, shaolin martial arts, tai chi), root (roots find ancestors), flower (luoyang peony) as the characteristics of tourism resources, is a big advantage in the development of henan tourism industry. Henan available for viewing, tourism scenic area, there are more than 100 spots.

Key scenic area, a total of 25 in the province, of which the national key protection area 5: the songshan dengfeng, jiyuan, luoyang longmen, xinyang jigongshan wangwu mountain and jiaozuo yuntai mountain, provincial shiren mountain, green valley, the heart of the Yellow River, etc. 20. 23 in nature reserve. Henan cultural relics in the country one of the first underground, the cultural relics in the country. Museum collection more than millions of pieces, about 1/8 of the country. Province there are national key protected cultural relics, 30, 253, in the protection of cultural relics at the provincial level city, more than 2600 county-level protection of cultural relics. Rich and colorful tourism resources for the development of henan tourism provides a unique condition. Especially on November 30, 20xx, henan luoyang longmen grottoes on the world heritage list, has opened the door a henan towards the world, to expand the influence of henan in the world. Henan luoyang as an international tourism will be a point of gold, gold thread to attract foreign tourists.

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit suzhou gardens. I am your tour guide, surnamed pan, just call me pan or pan guide. Let me take you to visit!

Suzhou garden with beautiful scenery, is famous for its elegant, have "jiangnan garden enjoys, suzhou garden armor chiangnan" the laudatory name. There are both lakes and mountains, wide, and Bridges the jiangnan water rhyme.

Now we came to the humble administrators garden. Humble administrators garden is one of the four classical gardens in China. It is located in suzhou in the swallow gate, is the largest one in suzhou garden, also is the representative work of suzhou gardens. You see, the humble administrators garden is light fitting for property of building layout, the clever, fair, simple natural pure and fresh style? Its layout theme centered on water, the water area is about one 5 of the total, various pavilions hin pavilions built by the water. Main building has far hong tong, snow sweet YunWeiTing, to frost eighteen datura flower pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, 36 yuanyang pavilion, etc. Autographed photos below, youd better be careful, dont fall into the water or litter!

Visit the humble administrators garden, now everyone with me to the surging waves pavilion. Surging waves pavilion is the oldest a garden in suzhou. Within the garden rocks as blue waves accent. Look, head on a heaped-up mountains, stone pavilion is located on its blue waves. Is Lord of the garden rockery southeastern md hall building, and there are five hundred MingXian shrine, see mountain building, emerald green and exquisite pavilions, back check pavilion and royal pavilion building through with them. Landscape art is different, not into the garden gate and set a pool of green water around outside in the garden. Chisel below has a pool, landscape are connected to a complex tortuous galleries, how beautiful! The composition

Below you see the lion grove. Is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou. Because of the high stone mountain park, more like a lion, so the name "lion" Lin. Forest lake stone rockery and more exquisite, architectural distribution of strewn at random have send, the main building there is YanYu hall, see waterfall mountain building, pavilion, ask MeiGe, etc. Lion grove theme is clear, the depth of field is rich, personality, false cave lives the craftsmanship, objects dont have a charm.

Finally, lets visit the garden. Lingering garden is one of Chinas four big gardens. Was built in the Ming dynasty. Central garden covers an area of about 50 acres, with landscape is given priority to, is the essence dominated. The main building has a green mountain, bright floor, quxi far cui pavilion buildings, the wind the place such as the pool pavilion. Keep the number of campus building in the gardens in suzhou crown, fully embodies the ancient landscape of superb artistry and outstanding wisdom.

Now that we have finished the few parks are not allowed to visit the suzhou gardens. I would be glad to visit the gardens together with everybody, thank you for your support for my work! Good bye!

各位游客大家好：

终于来到了传说中的天池了。相信各位定不需此行。

昌吉位于乌鲁木齐西北35公里处，一个具有悠久历史的北疆重镇，它著名的名胜古迹和游览胜地有天池、五彩湾、岩画。

这是一座在两百余万年以前第四纪大冰川活动中形成的高山冰碛湖，海拨1980米，湖面呈半月型，是世界著名的高山湖泊，1982年披列为第一批国家重点风景名胜区.天池古称“瑶池”，是传说中西王母宴请周穆王之地，唐代诗人李商隐曾作诗曰：“瑶池阿母绮窗开，黄竹歌声动地哀，八骏日行三万里，穆王何事不重来”.传说天地是西王母梳妆台上的银镜，又说是西王母的沐浴池，天地绦绕的云雾，是西王母的霓裳羽毛，小天池是西王母的洗脚盆……，这些美妙的神话传说，给优美的天池自然景色象上了一层神秘的色彩，夏季，这里山清水秀，清爽宜人，是绝佳的避暑盛地。游人可登高山、穿密林，俯览天地全景，也可在碧波浩渺的湖水中泛舟横渡，饱览湖光山色。冬天的天池，白雪皑皑，银装素裹，湖上坚冰如玉，是全国少有的高山滑冰场。世人将天地的自然风光概括为“石门一线”、“龙潭碧月”、“顶天三石”、“定海神针”、“南山望雪”、“西山现松”、“海峰展“悬泉飞瀑”八大景观。每年，天地都吸引着大批中外游客。

龙潭碧月

龙潭是指位于天池下方约2千米，海拔1660米，盘山公路西侧的“西小天池”。传说是西王母当年用的洗脚盆，实则它是天池湖水透过地下湖坝粗大的冰渍物渗漏下来的泉水，在山嘴交汇的低洼处形成的一个积水深潭。池周塔松竞秀，满山苍翠，每当夜幕降临，皓月当空，山峰树影和碧月一器倒映潭中，静影沉壁，月影微颤，有诗赞曰“一弘碧流成龙潭，青松白雪镶翠盘，金秋桂月沉壁底，疑是嫦娥出广寒。”

定海神针

传说天池之中有一个水怪，经常乱施淫威，兴风作浪。搅的天池之水瀑涨，淹没左右居民，百姓无家可归四处流浪。有一年，王母娘娘在天宫举行盛大的蟠桃会。会上宴请了各路神仙，唯独忘记邀请这位天池水怪。水怪不悦，发威泄私愤。顷刻之间浊浪滔天，洪水四溢。天兵禀报王母娘娘，王母娘娘大怒，旋即取下头上的一根碧玉簪投入水中，顿时风平浪静，水退石出。那根碧玉簪就变成了一棵榆树。从此生长在天池水边，成为镇水之宝。这棵由王母娘娘头上的碧玉簪变成的榆树就被后人称为“定海神针”。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

到景德镇的第一站就是看古窑。古窑是景德镇第一古窑，内部十分庞大复杂。古窑里面可以制造陶器。古老的圆盘被转动起来，上面可以用手做出一个个瓶等物，然后经过1600度的高温烧制3天之后就做好了。还可以在陶器上绘制各种图画，可以随意画上你喜欢的图案。

为吸引游客，这里还安排了乐队演奏，用的都是瓷器乐器，有笛、钟、琴、二胡等，而且声音清脆悦耳动听，十分美妙。里面的绝品展也是值得一看的，虽然是复制品，但还是让人觉得好看，最酷的是那个108个水浒人物瓷，就像真的一样。

到了陶吧，我用手摸了一下粘土，冰凉冰凉的，舒服极了。我自己还在师傅的帮助下，亲手做了一个。看到自己的作品，我的感觉真好。

Welcome everybody to treasure! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

Qutang gorge mouth fengjie chongqing is located in the north shore of the Yangtze river, east to KuiMen, surrounded by eight waterfall, surrounded on three sides by water, in water levels, 451 km away from chongqing downtown. Is at the end of the western han dynasty, sichuan GongSunShu regime, claim to be the king of shu, due to see this place has a tendency to white smoke, a well shaped like a white dragon, so the claim to be filled, hence in the capital, and ziyang city name to treasure. Existing treasure is the Ming and qing dynasties repair site. Treasure is the perfect place to view "KuiMen world male". All previous dynasties famous poet li bai, du fu, bai juyi, liu yuxi, su shi, huang tingjian, Fan Chengda, lu you have filled, swam KuiMen, leaving a large number of poems.

Li bai "filled with clouds, Trinidad jiangling also on the 1st, cross-strait YuanSheng crow, boats already past thousands of mountains" of verse, is more popular. So the treasure "poetry city" reputation. Three kingdoms shu han emperor liu bei punitive dongwu, defeat, sorrow into a disease, dying to zhuge liang in incredible treasure palace, entrust an orphan to. Filled inside the temple is now displayed "liu2 bei4 entrust an orphan to large-scale clay sculpture". Temple also on display are located within the hanging coffins of the cultural relics and sui and tang dynasties since 73 pieces of painting and calligraphy inscriptions, and in 1000 pieces of cultural relics, ancient and modern famous calligraphy and painting more than 100. The word "bamboo tablet" unity, unique style; "Three king tablet" engrave phoenix, peony, phoenix tree, is exquisite, is a treasure. There were famous for the spring and autumn period and the warring states period of bashu bronze swords, its shape like a willow, exquisite workmanship.

East, west two forest of steles, displaying more than 70 pieces of intact stele, the sui dynasty steles 1034 million-year-old history of one hundred years. After the completion of the three gorges project, the water level will raise. Surrounded by water, treasure will become a fairy tale, the scenery will be more beautiful charming, capable of reaching the city by boat.

颐和园英文导游词

good morning ladies and gentlemen:

my name is . i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.

the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.

in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).

in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.

in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.

ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the east palace gate)

now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guangxu’s handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.

(inside the east palace gate)

now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.

ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.

(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)

passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.

the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of lion.

(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)

this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.

well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese

gardening.

now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guangxu was put under house arrest.

this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was emperor dowager cixi’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.

(in front of the chamber of collecting books)

this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guangxu’s empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “qing zhi xiu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.

(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)

ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.

now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is marble boat.

look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.

this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat. people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was rebuilt in the times of guangxu, a foreign and chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing rain.

our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat. today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i have left other spots of interest for your next visit. i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank you.