简单好背的英文导游词（合集20篇）

Dear friends

Hello everyone, welcome to Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. Myname is Liu x, the guide of Zhengzhou Tianxia travel agency. This is our driver,master Zou. During your tour in Zhengzhou, master Zou and I will provide youwith services. I wish you a wonderful and unforgettable time in Zhengzhou.

Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province and the political, economic andcultural center of Henan Province. It is located in the hinterland of China andamong the nine prefectures. It is adjacent to the surging Yellow River in thenorth, the majestic Songshan Mountain in the west, and the Huanghuai Plain onthe edge of Guangtian in the East and West. It is known as "the center of themajestic peak and the dangerous airspace".

Zhengzhou belonged to Yuzhou in ancient times. In 1027 BC, after the kingdestroyed Yin on Friday, he sealed his northern Guan Shuxian here and became theGuan state. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six states, there was a county,which belonged to Sanchuan county. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was Guancheng.In the third year of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Zhengzhou was named, which isthe beginning of the title of Zhengzhou. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhengzhou waspromoted to Zhili Prefecture. In 1923, after the Beijing Han railway workersrevolution, it was known as the "27" famous city. After the liberation ofZhengzhou on October 22, 1948, Zhengzhou was set up. In 1954, the capital ofHenan Province was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, and Zhengzhou became thecapital of Henan Province.

The city has five districts under its jurisdiction and one suburbandistrict (Shangjie District), five cities and one county, with a total area of7446.2 square kilometers and a total population of about 5.8 million, of whichthe urban area is about 130 square kilometers and the urban population is about1.9 million.

Zhengzhou has convenient transportation and is an important transportationhub in China. Beijing Guangzhou railway and Longhai Railway meet here. Zhengzhounorth railway station is the largest and most modern freight marshalling stationin Asia. National Highway 107 and 310 meet here. The expressway network fromZhengzhou to all parts of the province is forming. Now tourists can go directlyto Beijing by high speed. Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, newly builtin 1997, is the 21st International Airport and one of the top ten airports inChina. Zhengzhou has developed commerce and trade, known as the mall. As earlyas 1992, a nationwide "commercial war" broke out here. Todays commercial war iseven more exciting. Zhengzhou is a famous historical and cultural city approvedby the State Council, which is rich in ground and underground resources, rich inagricultural and sideline products, and developed in industry andagriculture.

Zhengzhou is known as a green city with beautiful environment and shadytrees. Especially in recent years, Zhengzhou has increased the strength of urbanconstruction, and the urban quality has been continuously improved. Zhengzhounew pull Riverside Park, Bauhinia Square and other large green space and square.Zhengzhou is rich in tourism resources, including Songshan scenic spot, Shaolintemple which is famous for its Shaolin work, Zhengzhou Yellow River touristarea, which is a good place to enjoy the charm of mother river, and ZhengzhouYellow River tourist area; There are the hometown of emperor Xuanyuan ofXinzheng, a good place for the Chinese people to seek their roots and worshiptheir ancestors, as well as the ruins of Dahe village, the ancient city of Zhengand Han, the song Mausoleum of Gongyi, the Han Tomb of Dahu Pavilion, the grottotemple, and the hometown of Du Fu. Zhengzhou has complete tourism facilities,including all kinds of star hotels, restaurants, entertainment facilities, andcolorful nightlife.

During your tour, you will get comprehensive and high-end service, feel theenthusiasm and simplicity of the Central Plains people, and understand theprofound culture of the Central Plains.

Welcome to Zhengzhou for sightseeing.

Dear visitors:

Today we are going to visit lijiang. Chinas two major ancient city was UNESCO world cultural heritage list, they took a south north, each has its own characteristics, northern shanxi pingyao ancient city, is the south is the ancient city of lijiang in yunnan province. Lijiang dayan, baisha, beam river three relatively independent urban construction units, dayan ancient city is the concentration of their representatives, so people are often called dayan ancient city of lijiang. From the geographical terms, the dayan ancient city of lijiang is a famous Chinese and foreign ancient city of ethnic minorities plateau.

Formed in the early yuan dynasty of ancient city, has been a northwest yunnan commercial center since the Ming and qing dynasties and the connection of yunnan sichuan-tibet tea ma gu town, has been 800 years of history. Ancient city covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers, the elevation 2400 meters, inhabited by more than 6200 households, the resident population, about 25000 people, including naxi nationality population accounts for about 67%. Lijiang in December 8, 1986 was released by the state council as national famous historical and cultural city, December 4, 1997, is a UNESCO world heritage site.

Beneath our feet is a "map", and frogs, eight diagrams is the naxi ancestors create divination tools according to the theory of five elements. Design is crawling in the middle of a frog, back like a divination texts, abdominal across the arrow, symbol of the party five lines of colored eight. Now facing east, symbol "wood", color green; South frog mouth, mouth spit "fire", heat color red; Frog abdomen center, into a "soil", ochre yellow; Arrow pointing towards the west, the symbol "iron", iron color white; Frog end toward the north, and out of the "water", water color and black. In addition, the frog left limb pointing to the southeast, right limb pointing to the southwest, the left foot to the northeast, right foot to the northwest, and south, east, west, north, symbol of eight side sticks. Design with twelve animals around the image, since due east of order is, ox, tiger, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, pig, rat, things to make. So, wood, fire, earth, iron, water five lines of each match male female and ten, then 60 cycle with 12 kinds of animals and ordinal number. Bargh figure of the naxi ancestors primitive cosmology, and even to the study of the origin of gossip, has important reference value.

Visitors, now we are at the square street. Sifang street is the center of the city square, it is a pavement linked together by rows of an approximate rectangle square street, street, covers an area of about 6 acres. Why call square street, there are two main types: one theory is that the shape of a square is the magistrate printing, like square by tusi named sifang street, from the meaning of "town square". Some will say, because the road leading to all directions of stream of people is in all directions, the logistics distribution center, so call square street. Southern China also has a trade channel called "tea ma gu", it is the Tibetan and lijiang horse, fur, medicinal herbs and other specialty and southern goods such as tea, silk, jewelry, a trade channel, old town of lijiang is the town in the tea-horse ancient road, the square street is the trade center of the town.

Maybe you have noticed the square street is not level, but slightly tilted east, is this why? Square street as the naxi proverb says, is a what are sold in addition to chicken bridle busy bazaars, a few days will have a lot of garbage, the old city and has no fixed cleaner, the ancient city of the people according to the topography, skillfully use of west river natural flushing street field. Way is: market are scattered in the afternoon, people with three pieces of ceiling a brake on the streets of river, west river, flood on river flow to the street, surrounded by the owner of the shop with a stick in the water drive, sewage flows into the east river, to thousands of hectares of farmland irrigation. Their street, the water in the river is clean, and free the law of sweeping the floor, this is afraid is in our city.

This is gong fang. Lijiang in the first year of yongzheng of the qing dynasty, namely "gai-tu-gui-liu policy", in 1723 AD by the original toast rule changes by the central government appointed officer has a certain term of flow rule, lijiang has just entered the society by the feudal lords feudal landlords and the society. The change of the social system inspired folk children study enthusiasm, from "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" to the abolition of the imperial qing dynasty 180 years, lijiang has a s a juren and seven jinshi. "Three for" a door in the developed areas of the central plains culture is not surprising that, in lijiang can be such a long ruled by toast frontier minority areas, it is a sensational joyous event, so the government and people donated here built a two layer of gong fang. Late qing dynasty, the alleys and out of the lijiang finally a jinshi and heptyl ji, so the villagers in the site after burn reconstruction gong fang, and up to three layers. In fact, from the "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" to cancel the imperial qing dynasty, the ancient city alone has two "three for a door". Now, population is more than 30 of the naxi nationality, but has hundreds of experts and professors; The annual college entrance examination enrollment, per capita in the province has been leading the way. Naxi nationality is, as it were, a people advocating culture, good at learning.

Visitors, thank you for your cooperation. Here, visitors can free activities for 1 hour. Activity was over here to set. Pay attention to safety!

Bozhou City in North China border, the southern tip of the HuanghuaiPlains. Jin Jianghuai South, the North hope the Yellow River, is the state-levelhistorical and cultural city, Chinas outstanding tourist city and opening upcity.

Bozhou City area of 8522.58 square kilometers, exempted Guoyang, Mengcheng,Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, the citys total population of 5.34 millionpeople.

. May 20__, the State Council approved a level Bozhou City, exemptedGuoyang, Mengcheng, Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, land area of 8522.58square kilometers, accounting for the provinces total area of 6.08 percent;farmland 60. 190,000 hectares. The citys population of 5.3002 million, of which82,000 ethnic minority people. Bozhou across longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49,latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35 ° 05, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitatjurisdiction and the Yellow River burst connected to a fan-shaped, lying flat,with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan,double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distributionthroughout the Northwest Bozhou topography, natural ground to l/9000Micro-dumping gradient to the southeast. Because of the river winding past theYellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impact form of plain Kong,Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, the topography of ups anddowns, a "Ohira small injustice," the geomorphological features. Temperateclimate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperate climate, there areobviously transitional characteristics, the average temperature 14.7 ℃,

the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, an average of 216 daysfrost-free period, an average of 822 mm of precipitation. Area rivers are theHuaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the main trunk stream, Fei River WestRiver, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and so on.

Bozhou City, a major mineral resources of coal, quartz stone, limestone,dolomite, clay and animal resources are foxes, badgers, Huang You, woodpeckers,owls, Lusi, Li Huang, a snake, scorpion, frog, carp, crucian carp, mandarinfish,eel, eels , Shrimp, aquatic plants are lotus root, turbot, wild rice stem,Gorgon Fruit, Reed, Po, a Chinese herbal medicines peony, chrysanthemum, Sangpi,pollen, bellflower, such as more than 400 species of honeysuckle. Specialtiesare Furui Gong wine, TGP, paulownia, Mansudae Yaozhen, paper-cut. Cheng Tangtomb relics have, Hua Um, spent Xilou, the ancient underpass, ethics in thePalace, Sang Lin, Cao Cao Temple, Cao Pi Temple, spent the Chinese Taiwan chapter.

Bozhou has a long history and a long history and ancient culture of theChinese nation is the birthplace of one. On the old days, "Bo" and an ancientYuzhou, Cheng Tang诸侯for when living in this. "Millimetres" Writing was "thin.""History Geography" Note: "millimetres with the thin." "Historical Records" set:"Since the lease to move eight Cheng Tang, Tang before the Habitat millimetres."Has on several occasions to move the capital by the people will have the soupand collectively referred to as "Bo", including South millimetres (now the southof Shangqiu in Henan Province, north of Bozhou in Anhui), North millimetres(Shandong Caoxian this area), West millimetres (this area in Henan Yanshi ). Nowthe Bozhou, it millimetres of South Metro. Zhou Dynasty, said here "coke." Qinunified China, the county system, Qiao home in this county, under the DangshanCounty. Qinmo Sheng Chen, WU Guang-Ze in the rural uprising, because from timeto the north of the Pengcheng, to occupy Qiao County. Western Han Dynasty, YuQiao County under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Zhouci Shi Peijun. EasternHan Dynasty, Peijun to Peiguo. Jianan the end, out of a home Peiguo Qiao County,Cao Cao Qiao County to the vicinity of the base, the military and economicexpansion on its own strength. Qiao Cao Cao in the county, such asimplementation of Cultivation, vigorously carry out "Juntun," "Man Tuen," Qiaocounty region to promote the development of agricultural production and thegrowth of economic strength.

Wong Wei Wendi early 20__ (22 l), Qiao was called "Capital", and Xuchang,Changan, Luoyang, and ye are called 5. Zhengshi four years the Northern WeiDynasty (507) Purchase South Yanzhou. The first year of an elephant NorthernZhou (579),

Yanzhou is located in the South because of ancient Near South millimetrestemporary, the "ancient South millimetres away from the name of the state to"change the South for the Bozhou Yanzhou, the name of Bozhou only see this.

Sui and Tang Dynasties period, changed its name several times, or Bozhou,or Qiao County. Early Ming, Bozhou, down to the county, under the Yingzhou City.Hongzhi nine years (1496), millimetres County also upgraded the state. The earlyQing Dynasty, under the Bozhou Gangnam province Fengyang House. Kangxi 20__(1667), designated as Gangnam province of Jiangsu, Anhui, the two Buzheng ShiDivision. In the first year (1912) Bozhou to millimetres County. In 37 (1948) inAugust the establishment of Bozhou City, in February 1949 city and county mergedto restore millimetres County formed, Li Fuyang Civil Administration. March 1986dismantling millimetres County built Bozhou City, and its affiliation with thesame area. February 1998 directly to the provincial jurisdiction. May 20__-levelto the establishment of Bozhou City.

Bozhou-wide cross-east longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49, latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35° 05, a long, Dongnanxibei syncline, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitatjurisdiction and the Yellow River to burst fan attached to a plain, is flat,with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan,double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distributionthroughout the Bozhou terrain northwest and southeast high-low To 1 / 9000 ofnatural gradient to the ground southeast of micro-dumping.

Northwest Qiaocheng Qu Zhan floor topography highest, 42.5 meters above sealevel; Lixin County, southeast of outreach to the minimum southern ditch, 22meters above sea level, the relative gap between 20.5 meters. Because of theriver winding past the Yellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impactform of plain Kong, Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, a "Ohirasmall injustice," the geomorphological features. Jiang soil is mainly blacksand, followed by the influx of soil, brown earth soil type, soil and a smallamount of lime in the vortex, kept the hills surrounding countiesdistribution.

Temperate climate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperateclimate, marked the transitional characteristics, mainly for the monsoonObviously, a mild climate, sufficient light, moderate rainfall, a longfrost-free period, four distinct seasons, spring temperature changes, Yu Xiaconcentrated, Qiugaoqishuang, long and dry winter. Because of the climate oftransition, resulting in frequent confrontation and well-being of air masses,the weather changes, annual precipitation, the citys historical averagetemperature 14.7 ℃, the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, anaverage of 216 days frost-free period, the average annual rainfall of 822mm.

Bozhou City common disastrous weather is dry, floods, high winds, hail,Ganre Feng, low temperature, frost, and so on. Drought, waterlogging is the mostimportant natural disasters. ?

Area rivers are theHuaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the maintrunk stream, Fei River West River, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and soon. Qiao Chengqu Wohe since the Immigration wandering the town, flows throughthe southeast Guoyang County Mengcheng County, moved to the village to collectexit Huaiyuan County, 173 km in length, the basin area of 4,039 squarekilometers; Fei River West River since the Qiaocheng Qu Fei River town entry,Guoyang County, flows through the southeast, to show Gou Zhen from Lixin countyin Fengtai, Yingshang County community, in the 123.4 km long, the valley area of1,871 square kilometers; Mainz Huai River from Lixin County Li Jizhen entry tothe east The Lixin County south to exit floor, Zou Mengcheng County in HuaiyuanCounty, 66 km in length, the drainage area 14 01 square kilometers.

东晋隆安五年(420xx年)， 僧人杯渡曾在此筑室为庵。 “化城”源出於《法华经》中的佛教故事。传说释迎牟尼与小徒下乡布道，忽为山险所阻，小徒饥渴交加，坐地不起。释迦牟尼手指前方说：“前有一城，速去化斋。”小徒顿为振奋。所谓城实乃佛祖点化而成。因化城寺地处高山平地，四面环山如城，故名之。化城寺位于九华街，坐落在芙蓉山下。迎面是一座圆形广场，广场中间有一个月牙形的莲池，名月牙池。

全国重点寺院。又名地藏寺。位于九华街盆地中心化城峰。东临东崖，南对芙蓉峰，西接神光岭，北倚白云山，四山环拱如城。明嘉靖王一槐《九华山志》载：“化城，天竺国佛场名也。今寺在山之西南，自麓陟旋而上数里至其处，峰峦环列，泉壑纡回，中旷而夷，类其国郭，故名。旧志云：晋隆安五年(401)天竺僧杯渡始创寺，日“九华”唐郡守张严(岩)奏额始名‘化城’唐人费冠卿《九华山化城寺记》载，唐开元末有僧人檀号居此，寺额即日“化城”;至德初年，青阳诸葛节等发现正在东岩石室苦修的新罗僧地藏，深为感动，于是买下檀公寺基，构筑台殿，以成琳宇，请地藏大师居之;建中初年，池州刺史张岩奏请朝廷移旧额置于新寺，于是化城寺成为地藏大师传经布道的大伽蓝。贞元十年(794)大师圆寂.，被僧众视为地藏菩萨灵迹示现，从此九华山逐渐成为闻名海内外的地藏道场。[1]

为当年地藏放生池。寺殿前后有四进，分门厅、大雄宝殿、后进和藏经楼。此四进随地势渐高，结构自然，门楹窗柃、斗拱梁柱和台阶基石均刻有精巧美观的图案。殿内有康熙御书“九华圣境”横匾和乾隆御书“芬陀普教”横匾。后殿首明代崇祯皇帝御书“为善最乐”横匾。初建于公元757年的原化城寺，早已荡然无存。现存寺庙的山门和藏经楼为十六世纪所建，而大雄宝殿和后厅为十九世纪重建。

这些建筑除四壁砖墙和瓦顶外，内部为木结构。柱、梁、檩、椽全部采用闩缝对榫、互相楔咬的传统方法，不用一颗钉子。门楣、斗拱和横梁上都镂刻着凤凰戏牡丹、狮子滚绣球，以及花草图案，施以重彩。尤其是大殿正中的藻井，层层迭进，九条木雕的金龙围着中心的硕大宝珠盘旋飞舞，祥云和瑞蝠穿插其间，令人叹为观止。今住持僧常明。

化城寺现已用作九华山广场文物博物馆。化城寺前的广场上有“娘娘塔”址，正中有一口井。关于娘娘塔有两种传说。出化城寺向南，可到旃檀林。后该寺历经维修改建，现存殿宇四进，庄严有序，最后一进为藏经楼，珍藏明版藏经6777卷，保存至今，十分珍贵。该寺面积3500平方米，是全国重点寺院。

The Yellow Crane Tower is located at the top of Wuchang Snake Mountain onthe South Bank of the Yangtze River in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. It is closeto the Yangtze River. It is a national 5A tourist attraction and has been knownas "the first building of the worlds rivers and mountains" and "the worldspeerless scenery" since ancient times. Yellow Crane Tower is a landmark buildingin Wuhan. It is also known as "three famous scenic spots in Wuhan" together withQingchuan Pavilion and Guqin terrace.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built in 223 A.D. in the period of the ThreeKingdoms. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, it was just a "militarybuilding" in the corner of Xiakou city. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed theeastern Wu Dynasty, the three kingdoms were unified. With the development ofJiangxia City, the building gradually evolved into an ornamental building forofficials and businessmen. Tang Dynasty poet Cui Hao wrote the poem "YellowCrane Tower" and Li Bai wrote "Yellow Crane Tower to send Meng Haoran toGuangling". Scholars of all ages left many unique songs here, which made theYellow Crane Tower famous since ancient times.

The Yellow Crane Tower is located at the top of Sheshan mountain, 61.7meters above sea level. The trains of Beijing Guangzhou railway roar through thetower. The building is 5 stories high, with a total height of 51.4 meters and aconstruction area of 3219 square meters. The Yellow Crane Tower is internallysupported by 72 columns and externally extended by 60 angles. The roof iscovered with more than 100000 pieces of yellow glazed tiles

A number of auxiliary buildings, such as bronze Yellow Crane shape, statuepagoda, memorial archway, porch and pavilion, are cast outside the Yellow CraneTower to make the main building more magnificent. Around the main building,there are white cloud Pavilion, elephant pagoda, stele Gallery, Mountain Gateand other buildings. The whole building has a unique national style, emittingthe spirit, temperament and charm of traditional Chinese culture. It complementsthe Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge at the foot of Sheshan mountain, and you can havea panoramic view of the three towns of Wuhan when you climb the building.

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近620_年的历史，它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生，把整个陵区联系在了一起，形成了一个整体，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。

明永乐年间，明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后，选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱，绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来，气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙，山前一马平川，蟒山绕其左，虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂，如“万骑簇拥，千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势，真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意，封其山为“万寿山”，选择吉日，动工兴建。永乐十一年玄宫建成后，从南京迎皇后徐氏的棺椁北上，择吉入藏，并将陵寝命名为“长陵”。此后长陵的附属建筑仍在逐步营建，直至宣德二年，长陵工程在大体完工，历时20_年，加之陆续建成的神道等设施，到长陵最终建成，共历时130余年。

朱棣在北京建造皇陵主要有两个原因，首先是政治原因。朱棣发动“靖难之役”，推翻了侄子建文帝朱允炆的政权，朱允炆在宫内大火中不知所终。朱棣登基后一直心有不安，除了派人寻找朱允炆的下落外，又制造的“壬午殉难”，大杀朱允炆朝臣，但人心终究不服。北京是朱棣经营多年的根据地，所以自他登基之初便计划迁都北京。皇陵随之建在北京，也是顺理成章的事。

其次是战略原因。明朝初年，元朝的残余势力逃到漠北，成为明朝北方的长期威胁。而南京鞭长莫及，难以控制北方的局势。所以朱棣迁都北京的同时在北京卜选陵址是极具战略意义的，而这一举措也确实对明朝疆域的巩固起到了重要的作用。明正统年间，发生了“土木之变”，英宗被俘。这是就有人建议迁都南京，反对者就说“怎么能弃祖坟于不顾，丢给敌人呢?”这一道理保住了大明江山。

清朝时对明陵进行了管理、修葺，并找到了明皇室的直系后裔朱之琏，封他及其后代为一等延恩侯，世代负责明陵的祭祀及管理。

从第一代朱之琏开始，朱氏侯爵的身份延续了11代。民国年间最后一代延恩侯朱煜勋被民国政府委以明陵保管员之职，但他不但白拿钱不干活，还有监守自盗的嫌疑。民国政府下令撤销其职位，将明十三陵交由昌平县管理。从此明陵香火断绝，延恩侯退出历史舞台。

现在的明十三陵面积约80平方千米，陵内葬有13位皇帝，23位皇后，1位皇贵妃及殉葬宫人数十人。另外还有7座妃坟园寝和一座太监墓(王承恩)。现在明十三陵已成为闻名中外的旅游胜地，并于20_年列入《世界遗产名录》

长陵神道总长约7.3米，走向随地形变化而回转起伏。在这条神道上，自南向北依次建有石牌坊、大红门、长陵神功圣德碑、石像生、棂星门。

石牌坊位于神道最南端，建于明嘉靖年间，是我国现存建筑等级最高的大型仿木结构石牌坊。此牌坊用青白石料组装雕琢而成，其结构为“五间、六柱、十一楼”。石牌坊是十三陵的标志性建筑，其位置的选择十分重要。南北方向上，牌坊中门正对着天寿山主峰，东西方向上与龙山、虎山相应。陵区南侧，龙、虎山相距稍远，欲连未连，石牌坊建在这里，正可弥补空间上的不足，使其地势贯通。

大红门是陵区的正门，位于龙、虎山之间，距石牌坊1.25千米。其规制为单檐庑殿顶，红墙黄瓦，开券门3洞。明朝时门两侧建有红墙，红墙上设有左右随墙门以便日常出入。门前左右立下马碑两方，正反面刻有“官员人等至此下马”8字。大红门正门为帝后棺椁及神御物品的通道，左门为皇帝谒陵时行走，右门为大臣们谒陵时行走。

穿过大红门继续向前走就来到了长陵神功圣德碑碑亭。碑亭为重檐歇山顶，四面辟门，正方形，碑亭四角各立有一座汉白玉华表。碑亭内便是神功圣德碑。

长陵神功圣德碑上为盘龙碑首，下为龟趺驮碑，碑首上刻“大明长陵神功圣德碑”9字。“神功圣德”指的是对帝王历史地位的评价。石碑的正面是明仁宗朱高炽为其父撰写的3000余字的碑文，其余三面原来没有文字，清乾隆时期在碑的背面刻了御制诗《哀明陵三十韵》，后又在碑的左侧刻御制诗一首。清嘉庆时期在碑的右侧刻了御制文一片，讲的是明朝亡国的教训得失。

穿过碑亭，走在神道上，可看到两侧的石像生。陵墓前设置石像生始于秦汉，是用来象征死者生前的仪仗用的。明十三陵的石像生沿用了明孝陵的规制，但增加了4尊功臣像。长陵石像生以一对望柱开始，望柱呈六边形，底为须弥座，柱雕云纹，顶为云龙纹柱帽。石望柱之后800米的神道上排列着石兽12对、石人6对，石兽每种两对，两立两卧。这些石像生分别是：

狮子：象征威武 獬豸：象征公平正义 骆驼：象征运输和坚忍不拔的精神 大象：象征力量和祥瑞 麒麟：象征太平和祥瑞 马：象征皇帝的御用仪仗将军：象征帝王朝会中的将军 品官：象征帝王朝会中的各级官员 功臣：象征帝王朝会中的功臣。

走过神道，迎面可见的是棂星门。此处棂星门为三开间，门上中间各饰火焰宝珠，故又称火焰牌坊，也叫龙凤门。棂星门象征着天宫之门，宫殿、坛庙、陵寝中的棂星门均有尊天子宫寝之门为天门的意思。

Hello, everyone. Welcome to our travel agency. My name is Zhang Chengxuan.Please call me Zhang Daohao. We are about to arrive at our destination. Let meintroduce our terminal, Longmen Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes, located in LuoyangCity, Henan Province, is a milestone of grotto art in China. There are two hugeGrottoes: Dongshan grottoes and Xishan grottoes.

The most spectacular one is Xishan grottoes Here we are. Tourists, pleasefollow me. Dont lose me. Look, thats Xishan grottoes. Its very beautiful.Lets go this way first. Its called Qianxi temple. Why is it called thisstrange name? Qianxi temple is named for its continuous stream of water. Themain Buddha in this one is Bodhisattva, with two disciples, two Bodhisattvas,two heavenly kings and so on. Lets go further Now, our place is called Binyangcave, also known as Binyang three caves, which are North cave and middle cave.South hole, three holes.

Next, we went to Fengxian Temple, the most famous place in LongmenGrottoes. Lushenafo is the most famous. He is more than ten feet tall. He isreally the best.

Finally, I would like to remind you not to damage cultural relics. Litter,goodbye!

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

Shanhaiguan, also known as "Yuguan", is the starting point of the northeastend of the great wall of Ming Dynasty. It is located 15 kilometers northeast ofQinhuangdao City, and has the reputation of "the first pass in the world".Shanhaiguan scenic spot is a famous historical and cultural ancient city andsummer resort with many places of interest, beautiful scenery and pleasantclimate. There are more than 90 places of interest with development andornamental value in the area, forming six major scenic spots, namely "old dragonhead", "mengjiangnu Temple", "Jiaoshan", "the first pass in the world","Changshou mountain" and "Yansai Lake". Among them, the essence of Chinasancient the Great Wall is the the Great Wall of Shanhaiguan.

The East starting point of the great wall of Ming Dynasty is laolongtou,where the great wall meets with the sea, with blue sea and Jinsha, and the skyopens to the sea. The magnificent pass, known as "the first pass in the world",is towering. It is known as "pinghan in the capital and the throat of liaozuo".The great wall of Jiaoshan mountain is winding, with steep beacon towers andpicturesque scenery , attracting a lot of tourists. Meng Jiangnu temple is amoving story of Jiang Nus seeking husband, a Chinese folk legend. Chen Yun andhis poem praise that "the Great Wall is built by the sweat and blood of manyanonymous people. Experts and scholars have no way to verify it. Only ageneration of heroes with all names is a kind of glory in" half of the sky ".Xuanyang cave, the largest natural granite cave in northern China, is like aparadise with strange caves and rocks and gurgling springs. Yansai lake is abeautiful pearl outside the Great Wall.

Arrival and departure: Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao city is locatedon the north coast of Bohai Sea, with convenient transportation. You can chooseto take a plane, train, bus or self driving to Shanhaiguan. Qinhuangdao airportis 15 kilometers away from Shanhaiguan, which is very convenient. You can takethe train directly to Shanhaiguan station, which is very convenient to get tothe scenic spot. If you choose to take a bus, you can also go directly toShanhaiguan bus station. Shanhaiguan is located in Qinhuangdao City, withconvenient transportation, but driving is not allowed in the scenic area.

New Yuanming Palace in the 2nd February 1997 formally completed and opened, it is located in the zhuhai jiuzhou avenue stone forest mountain, covers an area of 1.39 square kilometers, is the manuscript with the old Summer Palace in Beijing, according to the proportion of 1:1 selected the old Summer Palace built 18 of 40 landscape scene, investment 600 million yuan, is one of the first 4 a grade scenic spot in China. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and faces the south smooth and broad, fortunas lake water area of 80000 square meters.

New Yuanming Palace concentrated represent the grand momentum of yuanmingyuan imperial garden in Beijing, all landscape architecture are built according to the size of the original copy. Hall "legitimate", "taking jiuzhou qing", "peng YaoTai island", "penghu-glance wonderful scenery of" central axis for the royal palace buildings, central axis to the west is "the concept of well ying", "haiyantang" and "(" sea bright garden scenic area, around the breeze-ruffled lotus beside," skylight "up and down," the foundation ", "song music" and so on more than 10 Chinese jiangnan garden landscape architecture. It with its strong qing culture, fine elegant chic pavilion, table, floor, cabinet and majestic big dance performance attracts numerous tourists both at home and abroad.

The second opium war in 1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing, thought xianfeng emperor is still in the old Summer Palace, to the old Summer Palace as the attack target. Xianfeng, in fact as early as before the British and French troops into Beijing led a group of ministers to escape the jehol. The invaders into the palace to see solemn temple, magnificent pavilions, secluded gardens, immediately began to rob up. According to historical records, an intruder after entering the palace, also dont know what thing, have lost the gold, silver, in order to set with jewelry jade works of art, and he had lost his gold. Priceless porcelain and enamels, because too big cant move out, should be broken. Coalition after robbing the old Summer Palace is still not satisfied, and that can only be made in China and burning yuanmingyuan emperor shaking, biggest hits, so the British soldiers in their support of the government and public opinion to burning yuanmingyuan. In October 1860 a generation of famous finally reduced to ashes under the fire of the invaders. In human cultural history of the old Summer Palace burnt loss is immeasurable, the invaders not only destroyed the unique gardens in the world, and the large number of precious cultural relics and plunder abroad, a generation of famous only ruins left. Qing emperor after several generations, though still wanted to rebuild yuanmingyuan, but eventually because of domestically, national strength is insufficient, reconstruction have to fall by the wayside.

New Yuanming Palace combines classical imperial complex, jiangnan classical gardens, buildings and western buildings as a whole, for visitors to show the prosperous time qing dynasty elegance. West park, is the noble temperament of western buildings, white marble, delicate inside adornment, let you as if place oneself in Europe in the ancient palace.

Temple fair, jiuzhou feast scenic area layout solemn, founder, reflect the royal style, or show harem and free from vulgarity temperament; Yellow colored glaze appearance grand; Green coloured glaze is full of vitality; Purple coloured glaze spirits to ward off bad luck, it is no wonder that emperor qianlong had "carved painting, complacent hin huts meaning".

Ming new park has many tourists to participate in activities, ornamental. "Legitimate" emperor began to reign; "Jiuzhou characters" adaptation; "The song in" jiangnan silk; "Penghu-glance scenic spot" imperial concubines, wedding. "Qianlong jiangnan" swim airdropping lake big parade, visitors can experience to ride the dragon boat when "emperor", "the queen" feeling; A garden teahouse, lounge, book galleries, performances of folk artists to make you feel the Chinese culture has a long history. The garden every day "emperor", "qing dynasty palace anecdotes" and "imperial concubines" program performance, visitors can see the qing court etiquette.

Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple.

Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai. Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief. There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e. temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines. The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.

The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni. On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining. He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882. later the temple was

partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.

Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall. Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it. In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness. Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.

Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around. Here we can see the temple gate. It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications. The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action. Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains. But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month. Now this way to the entrance.

Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall. We will use the rear door, please follow me.

(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)

Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly. He is Bodhisattva Maitreya. His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries. So he is also called the Laughing Buddha. According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven. After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden. Hence another name the Future Buddha.

But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation.. it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder. He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms. Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”. He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever.

When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya. So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.

(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)

On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues. They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings. In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru. Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks. On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven. The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits. His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness.

He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads. The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism. He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar. With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha. Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon. It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability. Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)

The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue. He is so called because of his virtue. He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand. The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions. It is at the same time a magic umbrella. Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies. Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight.

He observes the world with his penetrating eyes. He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope. The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net. This dragon also has a magic power. It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.

(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)

The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda. He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand. Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits. Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery. He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.

Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall. Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.

Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard. It is actually a giant incense burner. It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.

Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage. It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.

Andy taihe palace, also known as copper tile temple, located in the northern suburb of kunming city fengshan, common name YingWuShan. Sound fengshan mountain, formerly known as phase Ming wanli was taihe palace after mirage, renamed fengshan, since the Ming dynasty famous Taoist temple scenic spot in yunnan province.

Qing guangxu sixteen years (1890) ShuZao "rebuild taihe palace inscriptional record" detailing the taihe palace to create history: "my south yunnan (kunming) will outside the walls of suiyeh, ten miles from the city, there are mountain mingfeng, and the common name YingWuShan. Before Ming wanli nonyl Yin years (in 1602), Taoist Xu Zhengyuan knocking please yunnan provincial governor Chen utilities, in conjunction with the frenzy qian mu chang elementary, this right mu theory, platform guilds and the mountain, liu modeled after HuGuang wudang mountain peak of peak seventy-two built the Forbidden City, the temple copper smelting, casting for zhenwu father of golden body. Name the palace yue tai, is modelled on the wudang mountain 27 palace name. Installation of three yuan, ring cui two palace at that time, and supplied the holy immortal Buddha, various departments, deep worship seems back. And the house, the" taihe palace "series of. Its ground left Yi show of huashan, golden horse tenghui; right near the shore of the sea, green chicken renewal, alone but as a scenic spot and south yunnan. Township of said, or Andy, or jinding, let it loose and out of the ear."

Is described in this section of the inscriptions on the basis of historical materials, imitation of wudang mountain in hubei was kunming golden time taihe palace, the temple founder, copper smelting, true Wu Jinshen Taoist temple scale, and the sound of the phoenix mountain landform. Thirty years Ming wanli (1602) Taoist Xu Zhengyuan attacking "and please use bing" yunnan provincial governor Chen, Chen bin in conjunction with qian 沐昌祚 frenzy, this right MuRui, platform will liu, reach mingfeng mountain, agreed on imitation of mount wudang taihe palace 27 built. This with Ming wanli let-out years (1604 years) in taihe palace with Chen bing, founder of the "ding tai temple built to remember" is the same. ShuZao inscriptional record of the vernacular narrative, popular, easy to read. With Chen bin inscriptional record chronicle of classical Chinese, it is not easy to read.

ShuZao inscription, puts it: "when installation of three yuan, ring cui two palace" period of inaccurate. Actually create taihe palace, in the first seven years has built "ring jade palace". With Chen bin from the jade ring, said: "more than stroke 3 years, yunnan MingGuan in the jade palace built fengshan ring, including for ge, si lu (lu dongbin), two temple, king, TaoTianJun, ho, liu two fairy and si pavilion." With Chen bin, fujian jinjiang, jinshi, Ming wanli 21 years (1593 years) to the right organization platform to the governor of yunnan. With Chen bing "caresses dian 3 years", namely the twenty-third year of wanli (1595), he "MingGuan in sound built fengshan ring jade palace". Thirty years wanli (1602) "knocking" taihe palace with Chen bing built mirage "Taoist Xu Zhengyuan", is the Taoist priest rings jade palace.

As with Chen bin ding tai temple built to remember stated: "the nine years of and caresses dian", namely thirty years wanli (1602), with Chen bin "kai BuSheng dongcheng, of the mountains between the original a few no when a shekel xu, delay in ring, the true qi english-english, even curled jade ring left, ammonites Laura, comfortable colour pheasant from the central disk, jade bureau now, no light yue also Bi to wipe?" With Chen bin kai 沐昌祚, MuRui, liu will climb of the mountain, BuSheng location, jade palace "even curled ring left" is to the mountain. This clear, Ming wanli 30 years with Chen bing site for taihe palace, jade ring. Taihe palace mirage, three yuan gong Ming started building 30 years (1602), "beginning completed, all with Wang Zhengzhi month, just a load and repair". "Wanli let-out, spring the JiDan day" (1604), with Chen bin from the ding tai temple built to remember.

Folklore with Chen bing in fengshan "three meet lu dongbin, is Lv Xian pilot he is singing phoenix mountain" cave ", so he "caresses dian 3 years" or "MingGuan in sound built fengshan ring jade palace", "the cabinet si lu". Ring after the completion of the jade palace, with Chen bing had written the couplet:

Used to dream of spring, charming, swallow the garment, and missed the nine atlas fairy bone, purple devoted chicken calls, the horse on the world of mortals, to the head out of the door?

Empty mountain was about company, seven fujian phrases, phase invited six cups of tea, a letter to the sword shadow cross day, flute blowing sea, where Mr Fly!

With Chen bin in "the gate to the governor of yunnan", is infatuated with officialdom "towards the garment", and Taoism "nine atlas fairy bone", contradictory mood, only excuse me "sword shadow cross day, flute blowing sea" in lu fairy, he should "to the end of the jump out"?

With Chen bins beginning build taihe palace, was to have such a words: "take an examination of the essence of the xuan emperor day b, take the xuan Xiao when emperor, mark the most in taihe, drawing and also, generation can be enshrined. I have a random, cheng zhu wen emperor jose type profile of its system, through the ages to long how..." Saying is true gen fu emperor is "the fine that day b, xuan Xiao ride when emperor", zhenwu signs, taihe (that is, the wudang mountain) is the most famous mountains. Since the tang dynasty years, generations of si. Ming emperor zhenwu Zhu Dichong letter, edict to overhaul wudang mountain, historic grand FengSi zhenwu. Mount wudang "god zhenwu, yongle like" legend, after the zhenwu palace in the world are according to the "yongle like" plastic zhenwu.

Ming chongzhen decade (1637) moved to the hall struck binchuan chicken foot mountain, annals inscriptional record contained are consistent. Ming chongzhen decade (1637), the governor of yunnan Zhang Feng He will tianzhufeng tongdian moved to struck binchuan chicken foot mountain. Tianzhufeng is also called "jinding" for this purpose. Chicken feet mount tongdian destroyed in 1966 during the "cultural revolution" sweep "capitalism". Move Zhang Feng He tongdian, taihe palace tongdian base is not opened, the lower platform sandstone reliefs railings, survived.

The qing emperor kangxi years to rebuild fengshan tongdian taihe palace, "fan of copper to more than five hundred" (250 tons). Tongdian soot cleaning dirt in 1980 found that bronze on the ridge purlin is connect body covered with inscriptions, soot was sunk panel cover beam in the middle of the word, I climbed up to see is "the qing emperor kangxi 10 years were the big ten there are six days ji lu month day prince of wu sangui to build". Inscriptions confirmed nine years of the reign of emperor kangxi (1670) repair wu sangui taihe palace, rebuild the zhenwu bronze, bronze statues, vertical "copper trail of rod more than ten zhangs, graceful tenet". Kangxi decade (1671) completed October 16. For twelve years wu sangui kangxi (1673) theres clear, therefore, local Chronicles inscriptional record only said "recasting" nine years of the reign of emperor kangxi, avoidance is the wu sangui recasting bronze.

Wu sangui reconstruction after the zhenwu bronze, cast a mouthful of "seven swords" suspension in bronze, this is the inscriptional record contained in zhenwu "hui sword hung, often ghost and monster". Wu sangui and it used a wooden broadsword, weighs 12 kg (6 kg) in taihe palace, in order to show off its wuwei.

JiaQu tongdian positive, the qing emperor kangxi 33 years (1694) yungui governor king following documents hanging brass plate inscribed "namo amitayus". "Amitayus" namely "amitabha", many people wondered, generation of MingRu yungui governor, why in zhenwu palace hanging plaque of Buddhism? Wudang mountain, yongle 14 (1416) wudang zhenwu bronze, sky column peak built peaks near turf has boundless longevity Buddha hall of Buddhism, Buddhas path to outdo each other. That built a tongdian holy will, the buddhist compromise, "let not the Buddha," true Wu Dian "amitayus" plaque hanging on the end, worship zhenwu, at the same time also praise "namo amitayus". Singing phoenix mountain tai temple mount wudang 27 building, hanging plaque ji-wen wang on the basis of wudang mountain and their stories.

Qing daoguang twenty-five years (1845) "rebuild two tianmen inscriptional record" recorded in the qing dynasty in kunming two earthquakes: "qianlong years, yunnan provincial earthquake, xinqi save, jue have the spirit of". The earthquake had little impact. Light "thirteen years (1833) of July 23, to yunnan to flame, retrieval temple memorial arch, guest waiter, jolt to destroy." Taihe palace greater disaster the xianfeng years, taihe palace destroyed by BingXian, three yuan house reduced to ashes. Each damage, after repair in different degrees. , guangxu sixteen years (1890 years) to guangxu thirty-one years (1905 years) before and after 15 years, tai temple abbot ming-qing li fundraising "several Wang Chi, Yu An turn oversee animate yunnan mineral, former governor Tang Gongjiong, but cast copper ten thousand catties, and an appointment again, holding donations. Casting pavilion, serve gods, tiles, and entrance, memorial arch, a house, all for the new."

Taihe palace Andy military takeover in 1950, as the "kunming golden area". Successively belonging to bureau of culture and education, culture bureau, construction bureau, bureau of parks and woods management. In 1966 during the "cultural revolution" sweep "capitalism", the temple clay statues are destroyed, and the collapse of the house, HuangYan creeping weed. And placing the taihe palace belong to kunming in 1968 tire factory dormitory, in 1970 by the city of kunming city construction bureau.

After the downfall of the gang of four, year after year to repair ancient buildings, rebuild the thunder temple temple, old gentleman, sanfeng temple, renovate three doors, lingxingmeng door, new gallery pavilions, local repair wall of Ming dynasty. Build peak tower, 1983, to protect the original kunming city of the Ming dynasty yongle xuanhua floor clock.

From 1983 to 1991, in the south east of phoenix mountain, new requisition of land of 273 mu, the building covers an area of 500 mu of the size of the kunming botanical garden landscape. Botanical garden landscape is divided into twelve theme park flowers tea garden, greenhouse flowers, azalea garden, water garden, magnolia garden, rose garden, bamboo botanical garden, naked seed plant area, rare and endangered plants area, demonstration area, the parrot garden lawn garden (bonsai area) and cedar. Provincial, municipal government investment of more than 800 ten thousand yuan.

For the 1999 world horticultural exposition in kunming, from 1997 to 1999, the municipal government successively in fengshan Andy investment of 20 million yuan, a comprehensive maintenance taihe palace ancient architectural complexes, and repair tower, open up the tower travel services, to build a large greenhouse, new cuckoo boutique garden, botanical garden development orchid nursery and ferns, rebuild the autumn garden restaurant, travel hostel, reconstruction of campus tourism toilet. Andy self-raised funds to build "China golden expo garden", on the basis of the further development of golden bronze cultural tourist attractions... To build the regulation for taihe palace mirage created in four hundred to one of the largest repair and building. Andy spot among the first-class scenic spot in yunnan province in 1999.

黄山英文导游词简短

黄山：世界文化与自然双重遗产，世界地质公园，国家AAAAA级旅游景区，国家级风景名胜区，全国文明风景旅游区示范点，中华十大名山，天下第一奇山。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于黄山英文导游词简短，希望能够帮到您!

Mt.Huangshan

Ladies and Gentlemen! Welcome to Mt.Hangshan, which is lauded as“No.1 Mountain under the heaven. ”I am so glad to be your guide in this tour. My name is Wangyan. I hope I can provide a quality service to you. Now I’d like to introduce something about Mt.huang, Mt.huang is one of 10 major scenic resorts of China. And it is a frequent subject of traditional Chinese paintings and literature, as well as modern photography. In 1990, the UNESCO put it on the list of world natural and cultural heritages.

The beauty of Mt.Huang lies in its“five wonder”, Pine trees with shapely foliage, rocks in hundreds of images, a sea of clouds, hot spring and snow of winter. Today I will mainly introduce pine trees to you.

Follow me please! I will help you to find some fascination of Mt.Huang. Look at these pine trees, these pine trees are considered as the example of vigor because the trees thrive by growing straight out of the rocks. Their branches extend to one side to get more rain and embrace the sunshine well. Many of the pine trees in the area are more than a hundred years old and have been given their own names, such as the Yingke Pine, which is thought to be more than 1500 years old.

Now we are going to appreciate the beauty of the Yingke Pine. Before we get there, look at the cloud around you, although we can see cloud sea in many other place, I think it in Mt.Huang is the most brilliant one. You can try to feel and touch them, but please pay attention to be safety. Fine, here we go. This tree in front of us is Yingke pine. The tree is 10.15 meters high, its circumference is 2.05 meters and its crown size is 10.7 meters times13.7 meters. This tree stays vigorously upright and keeps elegant gesture. We all know that Yingke pine is the symbol of Mt.Huang. It looks like the tree use its hand to welcome people from all over the world. A huge iron painting produced according to its pretty image is displayed in Great Hall of the people in Beijing. This tree can represent the friendship between China and other countries. Now you can take photo with your friends in front of it, then I think your friendship will be evergreen like this pine tree. Please be careful and don’t hurt the vegetations around here.

After we finish our tour, you can try to have a bath in the hot spring of Mt.Huang which is good for your health. But if someone suffers from high blood pressure or heart disease, I think it’s not suit you. It’s good to eat a little food before you have a bath.

Good time always flies quickly. I’m so pleasure to let you know something about Mt.Huang. Thanks for your cooperation, so that our tour could be so smoothly and happily. I wish I could have anther opportunity to be your guide in the future. If you have any suggestions, please feel free to let me know. I will correct and do my best next time. Thanks for you all. Best wishes to you all. Goodbye! Thank you!

Everybody is good! My name is wang, can call me the king tour guide. Today we are going to swim the Palace Museum, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1987.

Look! In front of us now is the Palace Museum. It is also called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, is the worlds largest and most complete existing ancient wooden buildings. It is Ming yongle built four years (AD 1406), 14 years to complete, covers an area of 720xx0 square meters. There are 9999 palace. A total of 24 emperors successively in this reign.

Now we three buildings in the Forbidden City is the most attractive, the solar temple, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are all yellow glass roof and green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting. Tell you a recent discoveries: all of the imperial palace palace is arranged by along a north-south axis, and to expand on both sides, north and south straightening, left and right sides is symmetrical. The central axis not only within the imperial palace, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the bell tower, drum tower, throughout the entire city, verve, magnificent plan is rigorous, very spectacular. Inside the palace is now about one million items of precious historical relics and art collection. And, more importantly, the imperial palace construction according to the layout of function is divided into the outer court and the imperial palace, the outer court and the imperial palace by a gate of heavenly purity, dry outside the south gate of dynasty qing, north of the imperial palace. The outer court in taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace three main halls as the center, in addition the two wings with mandarin house, therefore the court, south three, hall of martial valor, office buildings, etc. Im afraid you will ask, and the imperial palace? Dont worry, stay will say to the imperial palace area.

Ok, we can say now. Because we came to the center of the imperial palace, after three palace, the palace of heavenly purity, alternating between tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility. Imperial palace flanks are yangxin temple, east sixth, west sixth palace, the hall of abstinence, min city palace. Although they like in front of the three main halls (yellow glass roof and green white stone base), but the internal structure of the east to the table, tea table, west cultural relics for the chair. Three palace, the imperial and creature door, after the creature door to the north gate, east gate DongHuaMen, Simon called xihua gate, main entrance is the meridian gate.

Okay, now into the free browsing time, time for three hours, please pay attention to the points:

1. Not call, do not run, do not disorderly touch, do not tamper with, do not litter;

2. Keep quiet;

3. Now back to the location of the set on time.

How time flies, suddenly the say goodbye. The tourists, goodbye! Hope the next time you come to Beijing to visit the Forbidden City!

Tourists "dear friends hello! Yesterday we visited the magnificent leshan giant Buddha together, today, were going to with it and called 5 a grade scenic spot and two of the world natural and cultural heritages, and mount emei. I called GuYiJia, you can call me little koo. Today we are going to the mountain is not general, it is praised as a world mountain emei."

"Now, we have already came to the gate of the temple in ten thousand, is a beautiful temples here. Here are two of the big banyan tree, into the temple, ten thousand, you can go to buy some incense worshipping Buddha, you can also watch flower-and-bird insect fish, twenty minutes later we set off."

"Please pay attention to a tourist, we soon to nine ridge hillock monkey area, pays special attention to the hands of bamboo sticks, let the child go, honor for defense! Look, the Monkey King, as long as it does not infringe our, our safety! Be careful, it came over, Mr Stone it with your hand, and in addition, others set starting point, so that it will run! Shout, it finally went away, from the fork in the road, with tight!"

"Now we have to meet a fairy temple, what do you do a little rest, we will go down, the next is mount emei of rare plants corridor. There, rare plants ginkgo can be seen everywhere, and endangered plants such as metasequoia not a few."

"We have entered the surd pavilion. The monkey is very gentle and lovely, however, we are here to see water. Look, the steep rock streams into the shade curtain waterfall, clear water just mask instep, will surely make you refreshed, relaxed and happy!"

"Dear friends, emei mountain is a good place, fresh air, trees towering, surd cabinet is also a good place, the water clear Shi Jing, grass green flowers. I wish you a happy journey the next more, bye!"

Everybody is good! My name is presented, your tour guide, today we will visit is rated at 29 "world cultural heritage" in the Summer Palace. I hope my sincerity and enthusiasm can bring happiness to you!

The Summer Palace is one of the most vast imperial gardens in the world, is Chinas largest, protect the most complete existing royal garden museum. Was built in 1750, formerly qingyi park. Qianlong, jiaqing and daoguang and xianfeng emperor palace garden. In 1860 by British and French troops burned down. In 1886, emperor guangxu reconstruction on the original base according to the original size, two years later renamed the Summer Palace, the empress dowagers remaining land. In December 1998, UNESCO listed in the "world heritage list".

Park is mainly composed of longevity hill and kunming lake, two big scenery to, lake between the mountains, a pavilion, table, floor, palaces, temples, pagodas, waterside pavilion, pavilion, veranda, long beach, stone bridge, stone fat place full of national features of classical architecture, veranda, the countrys longest promenade, the distant mountains near water, become an organic whole repeatedly has the very high artistic value

Longevity hill belongs to yanshan -odd arteries, 58. 59 m. Buildings and mountain building, before the longevity hill mountain, three to eight surface layer as the center, four double-hipped roof of Buddha incense of the main body of large buildings. From the foot of "prout catamarans brainpower-computer" arched, the rows cloud gate, two of palace, cloud temple, DE hui temple, Buddha incense, and the wisdom of the sea, until the top of the mountain formed up in layers of a central axis.

Kunming lake is the main lake, the Summer Palace, three-fourths of the dominated area, about 220 hectares. Former lakes rippling, south of lake Simon Simon, a castle in the west, north look at the ups and downs in groups; There is a west causeway lake, and on the peach willow lines; The marble seventeen-arch bridge which lies on the lake, the kunming lake is the largest lake in the royal gardens in qing dynasty.

Today, our visit to this end, hope pleasant scenery of the Summer Palace, and I can become you the interpretation of wonderful memories! Thank you all!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗?奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和珅就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和珅最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

Welcome to guilin! My name is xijingjing, and Im very glad to be your local guide for todays visition. Now , Id like to give you a brief introduction of the guilin， guilin is famous as tourist city in the world , attracting a great number of tourists who are from all over the word .With the increasing number of tourists ,the construction of tourist service facilities have been developed rapidly in GuiLin.Nowadeys ,there are over 20 air routes that can reach Hong Kong and the other major domestic tourist cities . 现在， 桂林已经成为一个世界的重点旅游城市， 每年都吸引大量的中外旅游者前来游览， 随着游客的不断增多， 桂林市的旅游服务设施建设也在迅速的发展。 现在已有 20 多条空中航线可直接飞香港和国内的各个主要的旅游城市。 Guilin is a renowned historical and cultural city with 20xx years of history and a famous tourist city.GuiLin have a great number of ancient cultural relics, for example ,the han tombs in yanshang mountains ,the ancient pagoda of the tang dynasty , sculptures on the precipices of west mountains in tang dynasty,the ruin of dahe kiln of the song dynasty ,huaqiao ,tombs of king jinjiang of the ming dynasty ,the city wall of the ming dynasty ,and so on . 桂林具有两千年的历史文化名城， 著名的旅游城市， 桂林有着众多的古文化遗迹，如雁山汉墓群、 唐代的木龙古塔、 唐代的西山摩崖造像、 宋代的大河窑址、 花桥、明代的靖江王墓群。 明代的王城等 GuiLin locate in the Limestone karst landscape ,therefor guilin is not only surrounded by the stone in the urban area ,but also is surrounded by the weird shaped stone in the center city .It is surprised to everyone . There are many famous scenic spots. For example ,Trunk mountain, Diecai mountain, Seven Star rocks, and Fubo mountain ,and so on . 桂林处在石灰岩岩溶地貌， 所以不仅城区周围峰石环绕， 即使市区也是奇峰耸立，令人称绝， 独秀峰。 象鼻山、 伏波山、 七星岩、 芦笛岩等都以成为特色的旅游景点。 There is much characteristic food in Guilin . Nowadays , Sichuan Food and Cantonese cuisine are vary popular . From splendid restaurants to local snacks, tourists who are from around the world can find that your need is met beyond your expectations. The most popular local snacks including Guilin rice noodles (mifen), nun noodles, chestnut glutinous rice dumplings (banli zong), stewed duck with gingko, lotus-leaf duck and stewed duck with ginger. 桂林包括许多地区特色食品。 近年来， 四川菜和广东成为最受欢迎的。 从华丽的餐厅， 小吃，来自世界各地的游客一定会发现， 你需要的是 遇到超出您的期望。 最受欢迎的地方小吃 包括桂林米粉(蜜粉)， 尼姑面， 板栗粽子(半粒宗)， 白果炖老鸭， 鸭和鸭烧生姜莲花叶。 米粉 Rice noodles 扣肉 Braised pork 啤酒鱼 Beer fish 桂林人口有 125 万， 其中包括汉、 壮、 苗、 瑶等 11 个民族， 在桂林我们可以体验各种民族风情。 Guilin has a population of 1250000, including the Han , Zhuang, Miao, Yao , and other 11 ethnic groups,.In Guilin we can experience a variety of folk customs. That is all.thank you .i hope everyone has a good trip.

Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere in Beijing, but still has her own beauty.

Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion, love late pavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.

Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine in March, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.

Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hot straight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. No matter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had a hot, cant help but to the sun.

Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red in the face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation for winter food.

Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowball fights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for the winter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...

Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night, she is always a kind face.

Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roast sweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even the saliva all cant help flow down.

Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, small Simon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places of interest. But they speak well "nobodys perfect, gold without gather" changsha ointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is polluted by a lot.

Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her construction better, become a more attractive city.

大家好，我是带你们去九寨沟之旅的导游。我姓李，你们可以叫我李导。

你们知道九寨沟在哪吗?让我告诉你们吧!九寨沟在四川北部的南坪、平武、松潘的三线交界的万山丛中，有几条神奇的山沟。因为周围散布着九个藏族村寨，所以人们称它九寨沟。

现在咱们从南坪西行40公里，就来到了九寨沟。一进入景区，你就觉得像来到了一个童话世界。

你看，九寨沟多美!一座座雪峰插入云霄，峰顶银光闪闪。大大小小的湖泊，像颗颗宝石镶嵌在彩带般的沟谷中。这里的湖水清澈见底，湖底的石块色彩斑斓。从河谷至山坡，遍布着原始森林。每当天气晴朗时，蓝天、白云、雪峰、森林，都倒映在湖水中，构成一幅幅五彩缤纷的图画。怪不得有很多游客把它叫“五花海”、“五彩池”呢!你知道这高大雄伟的瀑布是怎样形成的吗?是由于河谷高低不平，湖泊与湖泊之间恰似一级级天然的台阶。由此形成的一道道高低错落的瀑布，宛如白练腾空，银花四溅，非常壮观。

咱们继续往里走，四处林深叶茂，游人会逐渐稀少。你知道咱们到哪了吗?哈哈!咱们现在已经来到了珍惜动物经常出没的地区。也许，你的运气好，会看到一只体态粗壮的金丝猴，正攀吊在一棵大树上，眨巴着一对机灵的小眼睛向你窥视。也许，会有一群善于奔跑的羚羊突然蹿出来，还没等你看清它们，又消失在前方的树丛中。也许，会在远处密密的竹林中，发现一只讨人喜爱的大熊猫，正若无其事的坐在那咀嚼着鲜嫩的竹叶。也许，你还会看见一只行动敏捷的小熊猫，从山坡跑下谷底，对着湖面美滋滋地照镜子。

九寨沟雪峰插云，古木参天，平湖飞瀑，异兽珍禽……你看，九寨沟多美啊!下面的时间请大家自由参观。

这次九寨沟之旅到此就要结束了，感谢大家的配合，我也希望大家向我们公司提出宝贵的建议，我最后忠心祝愿大家旅途愉快!

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !