英文导游常用语【精选20篇】

各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的导游，小李。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上现在规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1920xx年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛终于形成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，希望你有机会细细游赏。

Dear leaders and tourists

Your Chagan Lake cruise ship No. 6 has left the wharf and is heading forthe mysterious Chagan Lake. After entering the lake area, the cruise ship willspeed up and the wind will be very strong. Although it will be cool andcomfortable to stand at the bow of the ship, it reminds you to stand firmly whenstanding beside the ship and pay attention to the safety of swimming in thelake. At the same time, you should pay attention to the things you carry toavoid falling into the lake.

Now our cruise ship has entered Chagan Lake.

Chagan Lake is called "Chagannur" in Mongolian, which means white lake.Chagan is 37 kilometers long in the north and 17 kilometers wide in the East andWest. With a total water area of about 420 square kilometers, it ranks seventhamong the top ten freshwater lakes in China. Its storage capacity is about 700million cubic meters. It is the largest inland lake, National Nature Reserve andNational Water Conservancy Scenic Spot in Jilin Province. It is also a famousfishery production base, reed production base and natural tourist attraction inJilin Province.

Chagan Lake is rich in natural resources, rich in carp, silver carp,crucian carp, Wuchang fish and other 15 families of 68 species, with an annualoutput of more than 5000 tons of fresh fish, of which "Chagan Lake pangtouyu" iscertified as AA grade green food by the national green food certificationcenter, and is exported to both inside and outside the province. In recentyears, the shrimp, pearl and other aquatic resources of Chagan Lake have alsobeen effectively developed, and the beautiful lake shrimp has already been puton the table of tourists. Chagan Lake has four distinct seasons and rich naturalresources, which provides a rare living environment for wild and aquaticanimals, making it a paradise for wild animals and a paradise for birds. Thereare more than 20 kinds of wild animals such as foxes, rabbits and badgers, andmore than 80 kinds of rare birds such as wild ducks, swans, geese and redcrowned cranes in the lakeside grassland and small islands. There are many kindsof wild animals and the density of them is high, which is the most importantproblem in the province

Many scenic spots are incomparable. Thanks to its unique geographicallocation and natural resources, Chagan Lake has always been a dream land forprinces and nobles. From emperor Shengzong to Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty,every year, he led his ministers and concubines to Chagan Lake from the capitalfor sightseeing and spring hunting. They dug ice on the lake to fish. They usedthe "head fish" caught by Emperor Liao himself to hold a "head fish feast" onthe shore, because the fish in early spring are the freshest, fattest and mostfragrant. When the spring wind blows to green Guoerluosi grassland, geese sing,swans sing and birds chirping by Chagan Lake. At this time, the emperors beganto fly eagles and arrows to catch swans and geese, and held a goose banquet withthe geese captured by "haidongqing" released by Emperor Liao himself. They sangand danced wildly, drank and had fun by the lake until the end of spring. Fromthis we can imagine the magnificent scene of Chagan Lake.

Chagan Lake has different charm in four seasons. In spring, after a longwinters sleep, the lake wakes up quietly. Green grass and blooming flowers arereflected on the surface of the lake. Ducks and geese are flying by the lake,birds are singing and swans are dressing up. The lake is vast, with fishingsails and fish tailing. At this time, if you are in the picturesque scenery ofChagan Lake, like a dream, like a fantasy, like a "fairyland", how can you enjoythe delicious stewed fish in the lake?

In summer, the surface of Baili lake is full of green waves, the flowers onboth sides of the lake are blooming and fragrant, the fishing songs aregraceful, the oars are chirping, and the shadows of the flowing clouds andcranes are added. The reed on the lakeside sways in the breeze, its branches andleaves are singing and dancing, and the playing fish jump out of the water fromtime to time, peeping at the beautiful scenery of green willows and red flowers.At this time, if you are on a yacht, you can shuttle through the green reedcorridor, enjoy the pleasure of chopping the waves by boat, or sit in the shadowof willows and reeds on the bank, and enjoy the surprise of red carp swallowingthe hook Why dont you forget to return?

In autumn, the vast Chagan Lake is cool, the wind is light, the wild islong, the reed flowers are flying in the face, the wild geese are returning tothe south, and the autumn sun is plating the golden coat on all things besidethe lake, which is more graceful and beautiful

The lake adds a bit of grandeur and magnificence to the scenery of northernpart of the Great Wall.

In winter, the silver covered Chagan Lake is like a huge Jasper inlaid inthe snowy north. On the ice, a series of winter ploughs shuttle back and forth.The high pitched labor songs disperse the cold of winter. The heavy net pullsout the dazzling fresh fish, and also draws out the gorgeous hope, whichoutlines the spectacular scene of Chagan Lake in winter. In 20__, Chagan Lakecaught 104500 kg of fresh fish under the ice with a single net in winter,setting a new Guinness world record.

When you look to the northeast of the lake, the mountain beside the lake iscalled Qingshantou, which is the commanding point around Chagan Lake. There isan old and sad story about Chagan Lake and Qingshantou

A long time ago, there was no Chagan Lake in gollos, but a vast grassland.In the depth of the grassland, there was a young man named Chagan shaobu, whohad lost his parents since childhood but was handsome and powerful. He is a goodarcher. Those who fly in the sky and those who run on the ground are allsuccessful.

Chagan shaobu is kind-hearted in nature. Most of his prey is given to thepoor herdsmen around him, so he is loved by the herdsmen in the hundred milegrassland. One early spring, Chagan shaobu went out hunting with his bow andarrow. Suddenly, he saw a sika deer running towards him in panic. Two wolveswere chasing after him. The exhausted deer was about to become a good meal forthe two wolves. After a while, Chagan shaobu took two arrows to shoot the wolfand save the fawn. The fawn looked at Chagan shaobu with grateful eyes andreluctantly turned and ran to the depth of the grassland.

That night, Chagan shaobu, who seemed to be sleeping, suddenly dreamed ofthe sika deer he had saved. The deer said to him, "Im here to repay you forsaving your life. I was a fairy deer in the sky. I was sent to earth by the JadeEmperor for stealing Ganoderma lucidum from the royal garden. The penalty willbe over tomorrow. Ill come back to the heavenly palace to see my benefactor.Look at you

A lonely person is too poor and lonely, I want to find a companion for youto accompany you. You will walk north tomorrow morning. After crossing the 7749mountains, you will see a fairy peak. There is a fairy cave in the middle of themountain. There is a stone box in the cave. There is a gold hairpin in the stonebox. If you bring the gold hairpin back in your arms, there will be a fairy toaccompany you. Please remember With that, the deer disappeared.

The next day, Chagan shaobu took the bow and arrow of dry food and set outaccording to the direction of fawn in his dream. Walking along the road, he wentthrough all kinds of difficulties and dangers. He shot and killed countlesswolves, insects, tigers and leopards with good arrow technique. He finally cameto the immortal cave on the hillside of fairy peak. There was a stone box in thecave surrounded by auspicious clouds. When he opened the stone box, he saw thatthere was a shining gold hairpin in it. He was overjoyed. He picked up the goldhairpin and hurried back. It didnt seem for a long time Ill be home.

When he got home, he took out the gold hairpin from his arms and looked atit carefully. Suddenly, with a flash of gold, a beautiful girl stood shyly infront of Chagan shaobu and said, "my name is Qimuge, the fourth daughter of thequeen mother of the West. I admire your kindness and bravery, and I like yourdiligence and perseverance. If you like, I will marry you and join hands withyou for a hundred years." Chagan shaobu was so happy that he held her tightly inhis arms Three years later, Qimuge gave birth to a fat son named bater forChagan shaobu. One day when Chagan shaobu came back from hunting, he saw Qimugefrowning and asked her what was the matter. Qimuge said with tears streamingdown her cheeks, "tomorrow is my mothers birthday. It takes me three days to goback and forth, but three days in the sky and three years in the world. I cantbear to let you spend three years alone.". Chagan shaobu advised Wei Qimuge tosay, "three years have passed in a flash. When you come back, we will neverseparate again.". Thats what I said, but Im not sure

When Qimuge shakes his wings and flies away with colorful auspiciousclouds, Chagan Lake shaobu shed tears of farewell. After Qimuge left, Chaganshaobu missed him day and night. He had trouble sleeping and eating, and soonbecame seriously ill. On his deathbed, Chagan shaobu looked up at the sky andsighed, "Qimuge, I cant see you again. I cant close my eyes.". At this time,Qimuge, who was far away in the heavenly palace, seemed to hear Chagan shaobusheartbreaking call, so he went back to the world regardless of everything.Seeing that Chagan shaobu was dying, he went back to heaven again. Regardless ofthe rules of heaven, he stole the elixir to take for Chagan shaobu, makingChagan shaobu safe.

Unexpectedly, at this time, the queen mother found that the elixir had beenstolen, and immediately sent the God to look for it. When she learned that shehad been stolen by Qimuge and saved Chagan shaobu, she was furious and orderedthe God to move a castle peak and press Qimuge at the foot of the mountain,which is the Castle Peak you see now. He also issued an order that no rainshould be allowed in the grassland where Chagan shaobu lived within three years,and that Chagan shaobu and all the plants, cattle and sheep here should die ofthirst.

Its true that there hasnt been a drop of rain in this area for threeyears. Its as hot as a fire, the ground is dry and smoking, the grass is dry,and the cattle and sheep are thirsty. Seeing this, Chagan shaobu was veryanxious. One day, Chagan shaobu had a dream of Qimuge again. Qimuge cried andsaid, "I broke the heaven rules by stealing the elixir to save you. I waspressed under the big green mountain next to you. I cant save you and thevillagers by my magic power. If you want to save the grassland life, go to theimmortal cave and eat the elixir I made, and you will become a big lake besideme.".

When Chagan shaobu woke up, he settled down with bater. According toQimuges words, he went to Xianren cave to find the red and luminous elixir.When he returned to the deep grassland under the big green mountain, he did nothesitate to swallow the elixir. As soon as the elixir ate, Chagan shaobuimmediately turned into a white lake. The water in the lake was white andtransparent, like a jade mirror

不知不觉间，来到__公司已经有半年时间了，在项目开发的工作中，经历了很多酸甜苦辣，认识了很多良师益友，获得了很多经验教训，感谢领导给了我成长的空间、勇气和信心。在这半年的时间里，通过自身的不懈努力，在工作上取得了一定的成果，但也存在了诸多不足。回顾过去的一年，现将工作总结如下：

一、工作总结

在从来到公司到现在的时间里，先后参与了临沧市烟草公司收储填报系统、曲靖市烟草公司代收代储信息管理系统和现在正在参与的储备项目：云南省烟叶仓储管理信息系统。

二、在工作中主要存在的问题有：

1、由于对业务不是很熟悉，所以在开发的过程中多次出现因为业务的原因，而返工的情况，但是通过这半年多的了解和学习，对相关的流程有了越来越深的认识。

2、在开发中，用到很多新的技术，由于开发时间紧促，发现的问题不能马上解决，但是开发的过程，同时也是学习的过程，通过不断的学习和总结，遇到的问题都得到了很好的解决。

3、在工作初期，对工作认识不够，缺乏全局观念，对烟草行业缺少了解和分析，对工

作定位认识不足。从而对工作的流程认识不够，逻辑能力欠缺，结构性思维缺乏。不过我相信，在以后的工作中，我会不断的学习和思考，从而加强对工作的认知能力从而做出工作的流程。

三、工作心得

1、在这半年的工作实践中，我参与了许多集体完成的工作，和同事的相处非常紧密和睦，在这个过程中我强化了最珍贵也是最重要的团队意识。在信任自己和他人的基础上，思想统一，行动一致，这样的团队一定会攻无不克、战无不胜。

上半年工作中，很多工作是一起完成的，在这个工程中，大家互相提醒和补充，大大提高了工作效率，所有的工作中沟通是最重要的，一定要把信息处理的及时、有效和清晰。

2、工作的每一步都要精准细致，力求精细化，在这种心态的指导下，我在平时工作中取得了令自己满意的成绩。能够积极自信的行动起来是这半年我在心态方面的进步。现在的我经常冷静的分析自己，认清自己的位置，问问自己付出了多少;时刻记得工作内容要精细化精确化，个人得失要模糊计算;遇到风险要及时规避，出了问题要勇于担当。

3、在半年的工作中，经过实际的教训，深刻理解了工程上每次变更、每次时间的滞延都是对公司很大的伤害，这就需要我们在具体开发之前，一定要对业务流程很了解，在开发之前，多辛苦一下，减少因为自己对业务的不熟悉或者甲方对工作的流程不能很好的表达的原因，而重新返工的痛苦。

在半年的工作中，我学到了很多技术上和业务上的知识，也强化了工程的质量、成本、进度意识;与身边同事的合作更加的默契，都是我的师傅，从他们身上学到了很多知识技能和做人的道理，也非常庆幸在刚上路的时候能有他们在身边。我一定会和他们凝聚成一个优秀的团队，做出更好的成绩。

四、工作教训

经过半年年的工作学习，我也发现了自己离一个职业化的人才还有差距，主要体现在工作技能、工作习惯和工作思维的不成熟，也是我以后要在工作中不断磨练和提高自己的地方。仔细总结一下，自己在半年的工作中主要有以下方面做得不够好：

1、工作的条理性不够清晰，要分清主次和轻重缓急。

在开发时间很仓促的情况下，事情多了，就一定要有详实而主次分明的计划，哪些需要立即完成，哪些可以缓缓加班完成，今年在计划上自己进步很大，但在这方面还有很大的优化空间。

2、对流程不够熟悉。

在半年工作中，发现因为流程的问题而不知道如何下手的情况有点多，包括错误与缺漏还有当时设计考虑不到位的地方，对于这块的控制力度显然不够。平时总是在开发，但说到底对业务很熟悉才是项目很好完成的前提

3、工作不够精细化。

平时的工作距离精细化工作缺少一个随时反省随时更新修改的过程，虽然工作也经常回头看、做总结，但缺少规律性，比如功能修改等随时有更新的内容就可能导致其他的地方出现错误。以后个人工作中要专门留一个时间去总结和反思，这样才能实现精细化。

4、工作方式不够灵活。

在开发的过程中，周围能能利用资源的就要充分利用，该让其他部门或者人员支持的就要求支持，不要把事情捂在自己手上，一是影响进度，二是不能保证质量。做事分清主次，抓主要矛盾，划清界限，哪些是本职工作，哪些是提供的帮助，哪些是自己必须要做的，都要想清楚。怎么和其他部门进行沟通，怎么和本部门人员进行沟通，怎么和客户沟通，怎么才能提供高质量的服务又不会多做职责外事情，以后是需要重点沟通学习的地方。

5、缺乏工作经验，尤其是现场经验。

今年的现场经验有了很大的提高，对整个项目开始分析到开发有了认识，但在一些细节上还缺乏认知，具体的做法还缺乏了解，需要在以后的工作中加强学习力度。

6、缺少平时工作的知识总结。

这半年在工作总结上有了进步，但仍不够，如果每天、每周、每月都回过头来思考一下自己工作的是与非、得与失，会更快的成长。在以后的工作中，此项也作为重点来提高自己。

7、做事不够果断，拘泥细节，有拖沓现象。

拖沓现象是我很大的一个缺点，凡事总要拖到后面，如果工作更积极主动一些，更雷厉风行一些，会避免工作上的很多不必要的错误。其实有时候，不一定要把工作做到细才是的。进度、质量、成本综合考虑，抓主要矛盾，解决主要问题，随时修正。事事做细往往会把自己拘泥于细枝末节中，学会不完美也是工作中的一个进步，也是对精细化工作的一个要求。

在以后的工作中，我一定时时刻刻注意修正自己不足的地方，一定会养成良好的工作习惯，成长为一名公司优秀的职业化人才。

五、工作计划

下年，公司要开拓新的烟草公司软件使用领域，工作压力会比较大，要吃苦耐劳，勤勤恳恳，踏踏实实地做好每一项工作，处理好每一个细节，努力提高自己的专业技能和执行力，尽快的成长和进步。

其中，以下几点是我下年重点要提高的地方：1、要提高工作的主动性，做事干脆果断，不拖泥带水;2、工作要注重实效、注重结果，一切工作围绕着目标的完成;3、要提高大局观，是否能让其他人的工作更顺畅作为衡量工作的标尺;4、把握一切机会提高专业能力，加强平时知识总结工作;5、精细化工作方式的思考和实践。

其实作为一个新员工，所有的地方都是需要学习的，多听、多看、多想、多做、多沟通，向每一个员工学习他们身上的优秀工作习惯，丰富的专业技能，配合着实际工作不断的进步，不论在什么环境下，我都相信这两点：一是三人行必有我师，二是天道酬勤。

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello, everyone. First of all, welcome to the one-day tour of Wuzhenorganized by our Hangshi travel agency. At the moment, our car has been drivingon the Shanghai Hangzhou Expressway. On this day, we are going to Wuzhen, one ofthe six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River. Its about an hoursdrive from Hangzhou to Wuzhen. Below, let me give a brief introduction toWuzhen. When it comes to Wuzhen, friends who like Liu Ruoying must be familiarwith her. From the time when she was photographing to becoming the imageambassador of Wuzhen recently, it can be said that Liu Ruoying and Wuzhen haveformed an indissoluble bond. On this day, we will go to this millennium old townand follow Liu Ruoyings idea to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the ancienttown. It is often said that one side of the soil and water nourishes anotherside of the people. Wuzhen is indeed a place of outstanding people. It is a landof elegant geomantic omen. Many outstanding talents have been born since ancienttimes. According to the records of this town, from the Song Dynasty to the lateQing Dynasty, there were 64 Jinshi and 161 Juren in the town, and Mao Dun, agreat literary master, appeared in modern times. It can be said that peoplethrive because of the town, and the town is named because of the people.

Since Wuzhen is so famous, we must be very curious about the origin ofWuzhen. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, Wuzhen was divided into two towns,Wuzhen and Qingzhen, with Chexi as the boundary. Wuzhen in the west of the Riverbelongs to Huzhou Prefecture, while Qingzhen in the east of the River belongs toJiaxing Prefecture. After the liberation of China, the districts of Wuzhen andQingzhen were unified and managed by Jiaxing City. There is another short storyabout the origin of the name "Wuzhen": it is said that in the Tang Dynasty, LiQi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, wanted to be a separate ruler and king,and raised his troops to revolt. The imperial court ordered general wuzan tolead his troops to attack. This wuzan general is highly skilled in martial artsand is good at fighting bravely, which makes Li Qis rebels retreat step bystep. When hit the Chexi River, Li Qi suddenly listed a truce. Just as thegeneral of Ukraine camped and rested on the spot, Li Qi attacked the camp of theUkrainian army that night. General Wu rushed to fight, and finally fell into thetrap set by Li Qi on the bridge. They were shot dead by the rebels on the spot.Although Zhang was defeated, general wuzans loyalty and patriotism moved allthe local people. In memory of him, we used his surname as the name of thetown.

The history of Wuzhen is mentioned above. Our friends go to Wuzhen to play.What should we play when we go to Wuzhen? Its nothing more than eating, wearingand traveling. When it comes to eating, maybe most of our friends start to getexcited. After all, food is the most important thing for the people. Dontworry, listen to Xiao Wangs introduction. When it comes to Wuzhens famousfood, I have to mention this aunt cake. Hearing this name, I think you haveguessed it. It must have something to do with the relationship between aunt andsister-in-law. Its true. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, there was afamily surnamed Zhang in the town, who made a living by making pancakes for hissister-in-law for generations. Because it is an exclusive formula, naturalflavor is unique, so enduring business is booming. But there is an unwrittenrule in Zhangs family. In order to ensure that the secret recipe will be passedon from generation to generation, it is stipulated that the secret recipe willonly be passed on to the daughter-in-law, not to the daughter. After all, mydaughter will be married in the future, and she will become a member of otherpeoples family. When it came to the Ming Dynasty, my sister-in-law was veryunhappy when she saw that her mother only taught her sister-in-law how to makecakes. After all, my sister-in-law has only been married to my family for morethan a year, and I have been in this family for more than ten years, and mymother has never taught me. So I couldnt get along with my sister-in-laweverywhere. One day, when my sister-in-law was making cakes, it began to rain.So the little sister-in-law to the sister-in-law

Said: "sister-in-law, its raining outside, go to collect clothes.". Mysister-in-law ran out as soon as she heard that. When my sister-in-law saw thather sister-in-law was out, she was angry, but secretly grabbed a bar of salt andthrew it into the pan. Coincidentally, the guests who ate Aunt Zhangs cake allsaid that the taste of the cake was very personalized and better than before. Mysister-in-law is very strange. Im still doing the same thing as before. How canit be different. So she ate a piece of it herself, and she felt that the tastewas very personal. At this time, my sister-in-law began to talk. "Sister in law,if you want to understand why the cake tastes so good on this day, and if youwant to make it so good every day in the future, tell me the secret recipe formaking cakes first." sister in law, however, told her the recipe for makingcakes to her sister-in-law. Of course, my sister-in-law is also very honest totell her how to do something bad, but it backfires and its a blessing indisguise. Because the practice at the moment is shared by my sister-in-law, so Inamed this cake "sister-in-law cake". After the visit, you may as well buy somefor free activities. After saying "sister-in-law cake" of course, we have totalk about Wuzhens specialty "three liquor". Three Baijiu is handmadenaturally. Because white rice, white noodles and white water are used as rawmaterials, it is called "three Baijiu". Others are Hangzhou white chrysanthemum,white water fish and braised pork. After dinner, we can order some to taste.

After talking about eating, lets get to the point. Blue calico is one ofthe specialties of Wuzhen, commonly known as "lime calico" and "calico". It is atraditional folk craft in China. It is made of cotton thread, soybean powder andbluegrass juice. It is purely hand-made and environmentally friendly. You canbuy some small things. For example, a lady who loves beauty can buy one or twoblue calico headscarves and small handbags as souvenirs. I recommend you not tobuy clothes, because at the moment, no one is willing to wear these kinds ofclothes. Secondly, blue calico is easy to fade. When its hot, its not good towear this kind of clothes and sweat all over the body like a leopard. ha-ha.Others are handmade cotton shoes and slippers. We buy at our own discretion.

Next, Ill introduce the most important tour to you, so that you can graspthe key points and have a definite aim when you visit. As I said just now,Wuzhen is the hometown of Mao Dun, a great literary scientist, so naturally, MaoDuns former residence must be visited. To visit the water town is nothing morethan to see the architecture and taste the folk customs. And the "street pillowwater, pink wall Daiwa" is the common features of water architecture, since wehave to see its most distinctive things in Wuzhen. The architectural features ofWuzhen are concentrated in the Xiuzhen temple and the ancient stage at the headof the town. So you must not miss the first scenic spot of Xiuzhen temple. Thereis a scenic spot announcer in the temple to explain to you. I will send thetickets to you at the gate when I go in. After visiting the first scenic spot,those who are willing to visit with me will follow me, and those who are notwilling to plan to move freely with me will be able to move freely. Lets goback to the introduction of you. As the saying goes, "ten li is not the samesound, hundred Li is not the same vulgar.". It is estimated that Hangzhou is 200li away from Wuzhen, so the folk customs are even more different. And Wuzhenjust brings us a viewing platform in terms of folk customs. There are Jiangnanwood carving exhibition hall, Hongtai dyeing workshop blue calico exhibitionhall, Jiangnan hundred bed hall, folk custom hall and many other exhibitionhalls in the town. Xiao Yang will show you one by one. OK, Wuzhen will arrivesoon. Please take your luggage and get off with me.

大家好，欢迎来到丽江古城，我是你们的导游HuHu。今天由我带领大家游览丽江古城，请大家跟我来。

丽江古城把经济和战略重地与崎岖的地势巧妙地融合在一起，真实、完美地保存和再现了古朴的风貌，融汇了各个民族的文化特色。它与四川阆中、山西平遥、安徽歙(shè)县并称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”。1997年12月4日被列入世界遗产名录。

丽江地处云贵高原，给人的感觉却是江南水乡。大家也知道，丽江古城被玉龙雪山环抱，把它称作山城也顺理成章，但人们却更喜欢叫它水乡或者水城。丽江还拥有古老的供水系统呢!这一系统纵横交错，精巧又独特，至今仍在有效地发挥着作用。

这里就是古城入口处的大水车，是古城的象征。进到城里来，我们会发现，最能打动人心的还是水。路边溪流潺潺，水草顺水飘来飘去，鱼儿却逆流而上，它们仿佛在和水较劲，又像正在进行着比赛。这里面有一种金鳟三文鱼，它对水质要求特别高，可以用来检验水质的好坏，如果哪一天这种鱼不见了或者减少了，说明水质变坏。当然这一天不曾出现过，我希望以后也不会出现。

古城里有三百多座各式石桥，平均每平方公里有90多座桥，密度之高，堪称中国绝无仅有，被誉为“东方威尼斯”。虽然古城不大，对初来者来说却可能是一个迷宫，穿行在深巷中，总会有游人迷路。不过大家只要牢记“顺水而进，逆水而出”便很容易就能找到路了。古城里还有多处“三眼井”，也就是所谓 “上池饮用，中塘洗菜，下流漂衣”，可见当地居民用水方法的科学和对水资源的珍惜。

丽江的主要民族是纳西族。在纳西族，每个家庭血统按母系计算﹐财产依母系继承﹐妇女在家庭中和社会上享有崇高的地位。而所生子女呢，也归女方所有﹐男子没有抚养教育的责任。被称为女儿国的摩梭人就是纳西族的一支，可见纳西族是个重女轻男的独特民族。

丽江古城这个高原上的明珠，是不是让你流连忘返呢?好啦，朋友们，今天的丽江古城一日游到此结束，大家玩得开心吗?如果喜欢这里的话，以后常来啊!

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Ningbo!

Ningbo is the second largest city in Zhejiang Province, with a populationof nearly 6 million and an area of more than 9000 square kilometers. Ningbo hasa long history and was called Mingzhou in ancient times. Since ancient times,Ningbo has been relatively prosperous. Now Ningbo is divided into the old threedistricts and the new three districts by Yaojiang, Yongjiang and Shanjiang, soSanjiangkou is a center of Ningbo and the most prosperous area of Ningbo.

Ningbo mens wear is very famous in China and even in the world, amongwhich Youngor, fir, Lodz and newsbird are all famous brands, and advertisementsof these brands are everywhere, no matter in the city or in the countryside.Among them, Youngor is also engaged in real estate, zoos, stadiums and otherindustries, while Lodz is also involved in coal yard, retail and otherindustries, all of which are developed in an all-round way, so these brands arebecoming bigger and bigger. In fact, Ningbos clothing industry has existed fora long time. Chinas first Chinese tunic and suit came from Ningbo Hongbang, soif you are interested, you can bring a suit home.

There are two main roads in the center of Ningbo, Liuting street andZhongshan Road. Zhongshan road is 8 kilometers long, which is divided intoZhongshan East Road and Zhongshan West Road. There are many shops on both sides,which are very busy. Ningbo is also a city with high consumption. From realestate to catering, from daily consumption to luxury goods, it is moreexpensive.

Ningbo people especially like to eat and eat

Ningbo has the most restaurants, especially seafood shops. Because it isclose to the sea, Ningbo people also like to eat seafood, especially the freshdrunk crabs and yellow mud snails, which are eaten raw. Outsiders are not usedto it! Another famous food in Ningbo is Ningbo Tangyuan, the most famous ofwhich is called "Jiang ajian". A jar, a duck and a chicken are specially placedin front of the store, because the homonym of "Jiang ajian" in Ningbo Dialect is"jar duck chicken". I dont know, I think its a chicken and duck shop.

Ningbo Dialect is also very interesting. There is a place in Ningbo where"you cant go or speak". In fact, it is Beilun port in Beilun District. Beilunport is the economic pillar of Ningbo. Many people in Ningbo are engaged inimport and export trade, because Beilun port is also one of the important portsin China. It is said that they have to apply for special permits to enter theport! It is said that one year, a mayor of Ningbo went to the central governmentto report his work. He said that Ningbos economy depended on the "police", the"prostitutes" and the "no way to talk". This made the leaders very angry.However, after translation, they understood that it was the policy, theopportunity and the Beilun port. Therefore, there was a saying that they wouldrather listen to the quarrels of Suzhou people than the speeches of Ningbopeople Its so hard to understand!

Ningbo has "three ends": heshangtou, taro and bald. Heshangtou refers tomany temples, the most famous of which are Asoka temple and Tiantong temple inthe east of Ningbo; taro refers to big taro in Xikou; bald refers to Jiangguangtou of Chiang Kai Shek!

There are Tianyi Pavilion, Asoka temple and Tiantong temple in Ningbo.Tianyi Pavilion is one of the famous libraries in China, but the most famous oneis Xikou town in Fenghua. It is the hometown of Chiang Kai Shek, including theYutai salt shop of Chiang family, the former residence of Chiang family, theancestral hall of Chiang family, the small western style house, the WenchangPavilion, the tomb path of Chiang mother, the flying rock of Qianzhang, and theXuedou temple where Chiang Kai Shek imprisoned Zhang Xueliang after the XianIncident. It is also the residence of Maitreya Buddha Show the holy land.Stream

The people in Xikou said that they should thank both Chiang Kai Shek andthe Communist Party, because only with Chiang Kai Shek can Xikous tourismeconomy develop; only with the good policies of the Communist Party can Xikoustourism economy develop to the present level. Xikou produces taro and Melaleucacake. The taro here is very big and waxy. The Melaleuca cake here is crisp andrefreshing. I dont believe you can have a taste! And Chiang Kai Sheks formerresidence is also waiting for you with its mysterious appearance. Now lets goto visit it!

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.

(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why ?

The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.

The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specfic rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.

(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Souther

n Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)

we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace .Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. But why?

According to an cient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

Located 1 km to the west of Xiahe County, daxiahe river forms a basinbetween Longshan and Fengshan. The Tibetan people call it a cornucopia, andLabrang temple is located on the cornucopia. Together with the DrepungMonastery, Sera Monastery, Gandan monastery, tashilumbu monastery and talmonastery in Qinghai, it is called the six major monasteries of the Gelug Sect(yellow sect) of Lamaism in China. Labrang is the transliteration of Tibetan"lazhang", which means the place where the Buddhist palace is located.

The temple was built in 1709, the 48th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxiof the Qing Dynasty. There are 18 magnificent Buddhist temples, more than 10000monk houses, numerous buildings and red walls, with extraordinary momentum.Among them, the most famous is the six ZHACANG. Zacang, which means college inTibetan. The six chacangs are the six Buddhist Colleges: Wensi College ofxiuxianzong, upper college and lower College of xumizong, Shilun College ofastronomy, Medical College of medicine and xijingang College of law. Among them,Wensi college is the center of the whole temple, with three main parts: fronthall, main hall and back hall. The front hall is for the statue of Kingsongzangan of Tibet, and the main hall is hung with a plaque of "huijue Temple",which was granted by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. The main hall, with 11bays, is 100 meters wide and 75 meters deep. It has 140 columns and can hold4000 lamas chanting sutras at the same time. The hall is decorated with colorfulbanners, more than 100 butter lamps and cigarettes. It is a Buddhist atmosphere.There are also two pulpits, a sutra house and a printing house in the temple,with tens of thousands of cultural relics and more than 60000 Tibetanclassics.

There are 18 "Lacan" in Labrang temple. "LAKANG" (Buddhist temple) is themeeting place for lamas to chant scriptures. Among them, Shouxi temple is thelargest, with 6 floors and a height of more than 20 meters. Inside the hall,there are about 15 meters high Buddha statues of Sakyamuni. The roof issurrounded by golden dragons and the wall is surrounded by silver lions. It iswell deserved to call Labrang temple a higher institution of TibetanBuddhism.

今年假期我与爸爸、妈妈一起来到湖北宜昌市，欣赏漂亮的世界奇迹——三峡大坝。

一路上，我既兴奋又期待，盼望着能早点见到这条“长江巨龙”。沿途的风景，让我的心也豁然明亮，片片绿叶在微风的韵律中，翩翩起舞，鸟儿的歌声在幽幽的绿丛中，阵阵回荡……就在我沉醉于这鸟语花香的时候，目的地三峡大坝终于到了。一下车，我便一马当先的登上了瞭望台。“哇!”看见了这只奇迹般的“巨龙”，我情不自禁的感叹起来。这条“巨龙”真是粗壮啊!看它那强劲的“身体”将滔滔洪水挡在身外，似珍珠、似宝石般的水滴洒落“身旁”，掀起一层又一层白花花的水雾， 让这条“巨龙”盘腾在仙境一般。这条“巨龙”真是伟大啊!看他身旁一杆杆听力的电线塔，通往千家万户的电源，似闪电、似雷鸣般的洪水拍打着“巨龙”，让着源源不断的电力，走进家家户户让这条龙“龙”身在神话一般。

这条“巨龙”，真是奇迹啊!看它的设计巧妙，看它的造就精细。花费了15年的灿烂光阴，凝聚了多少人的心血与汗水。让这条“巨龙”处在智慧与劳动结晶的光环下。

我爱你!永远不朽的世界奇迹——三峡大坝!

各位游客，你们好!

我是你们这次参观的导游，我姓徐，大家也可以叫我徐导，大家本次的参观由我为大家讲解。

现在我们所在的敦煌莫高窟位于敦煌市西大约25公里处，为中国的四大石窟之一，国家的重点保护单位，也是全世界洞窟艺术的瑰宝!莫高窟开始建造于公元339年，后面的几个朝代也继续建造，最后完成的壁画面积近45000平方米，飞天约2400尊，佛像约4000座，分布于492个石窟中。

游客们，你们现在所看到的就是第292窟的飞天壁画!飞天是中国古代佛教中的八大护法之一，形象接近于着盛装的美女，这些在空中飞舞的飞天神态各异，轻盈灵动，手上拿着佛教中的传说的宝器：莲花、笛子、砗磲、鲜花…….。在你们的左手边是一尊高大的佛像，佛像身上雕刻的线条清晰，颜色绚丽，体现着中国古代精湛的雕刻和绘画技巧。

现在各位游客们注意了，你们来到了著名的第17号石窟，这里的飞天和佛像相比于其它洞窟不仅数量多，而且雕刻的特别精致。比如这座佛像，双腿盘坐于莲花座上，双手捏了一个手势放在膝盖上，手心朝天，双眼细咪，神态安详，仿佛若有所思;另外那个佛像则是一副满脸不高兴的样子，真是好笑;另外天空中的飞天衣带飘飘，洒落的花瓣就像是为人间送上的`祝福。

但是近几年莫高窟也遭到了很多人的破坏，文物、壁画被盗，还有些则是因为保护不够被自然损坏，为了保护这个全世界洞窟艺术的瑰宝，我们应该积极行动起来，从自身的行动入手，做到以下几点：

1. 不随便拍照，文明游览。

2. 不乱涂乱画，不乱扔垃圾。

3. 不要随意摸文物。

4. 不大声喧哗，保持安静。

5. 看见不良行为及时阻止，看见垃圾随手捡。

让我们大家都出一份力，来保护我们的莫高窟吧!

各位游客，今天带大家的旅游参观到此为止，欢迎大家以后再来，谢谢。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

亲爱的朋友：

大家早上好!

欢迎大家参加三国国际旅行社组织的x日游。先自我介绍一下，我姓张，大家叫我小张，也可以叫我张导，只要大家叫

着开心就行，我是此次的全陪导游，本人身高保密，年龄保密，婚姻状况保密，联系电话公开：139x2358，欢迎您在遇到困难

时进行骚扰，请大家记住我们的车牌号码鄂d。。。。感谢大家对三国国际旅行社的一贯支持，使小张能够有此次与各位嘉宾

一起出行的机会!俗话说的好：“有缘千里来相会，无缘对面不相识：百年修的同床渡，千年修的共枕眠”。借得这千年缘份

恭祝在座的各位万事顺心，多赚美金;万事兴旺，多赚英磅;万事顺利，多赚人民币!下面向大家隆重介绍一下开车的司机罗

师付，他曾被旅游界评为“三好男人”不仅长相好，脾气好，而且车子驾驶技术非常好。同时罗师付有两个老婆，大老婆在家

烧火作饭洗衣，天天带着小老婆游遍祖国的大好河山，大家知道罗师付的小老婆是谁吗，对啦，就是这辆旅游大巴，请各位朋

友象爱护自己的小老婆一样爱护好车内的清洁卫生。罗师付曾手拿方向盘，脚踩刹车板在我们中国大陆上安全行驶了百万余公

里，由他开车，大家尽可以完全放心。在接下来的行程里，将会由我与罗师付共同为大家服务，同吃、同行、同游、同乐还在

一起同“驹”，为什么叫同驹(居)，因为古人古时候把车叫驹，所以说叫同驹(居)。哈哈，小张给大家开了小小的玩笑。

“握紧我的手，世界各地任你走”。今天小张就带大家去x走一走，同时也代表公司祝愿大家旅途愉快，玩的开心，吃

得放心，行的安心。小张也将真心、诚心、耐心、细心为大家服务，同时也希望我的服务能够伴随大家度过这快乐的旅程!

Hello, my name is Lin, you can call me rain eu. I will take you to visithangzhou west lake, please dont litter, keep your valuables, I wish you all apleasant journey!

To hangzhou before, you must have heard of "above there is heaven, thereare suzhou and hangzhou" this famous saying! In fact, to compare hangzhou toheaven on earth, largely because the west lake. For one thousand years, the westlake scenery with charm, the charm of those she does, is love at first sight.Even still remember when you leave the hangzhou west lake famous poet bai juyiof the tang dynasty, "failed to have to go to hangzhou, stay half is the lake."Poet said he was reluctant to leave hangzhou, the main reason is becausehangzhou has a beautiful west lake. "The west lake 36, medium is hangzhou"best!

Friends: here are from YueMiao harbor by boat to visit the west lake withme. Before the ship did not start, I introduce the situation of the west lake:first is located in the west of hangzhou, west lake, surrounded on three sidesby mountains and faces the east near downtown, north and south 3.2 kilometerslong, about 2.8 km wide from east to west, almost a week 15 kilometers aroundthe lake. Area of about 5.68 square kilometers, including the lake island 6.3square kilometers, 1.55 meters, the average water depth in 2.8 meters or so,most the most shallow place less than one meter, the storage capacity between8.5 million to 8.7 million cubic meters. Su causeway and bai causeway will bedivided into the lake, lake in the north, outside the kiosk YueHu and small lakenanhu five parts. On history of the west lake has wonderful scenery everywhere,in addition to the "qiantang ten scene", "west lake 18 scene", one of the mostfamous is the southern song dynasty named "west lake ten scene", mother: sucauseway chunxiao, qu yuan prescribed by ritual law, pinghu harvest moon, brokenbridge cx, flower view fish, nanping bells, twin peaks piercing the clouds, theworld sea smell Niao afterglow, just, OARS. At every word to as connotation,which is: spring, summer, autumn and winter flowers, clouds late evening willow.No matter spring, summer, autumn and winter, the author points out whetherMingHui terminator, the west lake scenery is constantly, everywhere in thefeature. In 1985 was named the "new xihu ten scene". At 60 square kilometers tothe west lake as the center of the garden scenic spot, there are more than 40awarded the main scenic spots, there are more than 30 key cultural relics. Insummary the west lake scenery mainly one lake, two peaks, triple falls, fourtemple, five, six, seven holes tomb, eight, nine streams, ten views for victory.The state council on November 8, 1982 to the west lake as one of the first batchof national key scenic spot. In 1985, in "China top ten scenic spots" in thewest lake was named the third.

The west lake is so beautiful, of course, pregnant with many wonderful andmoving legends. Legend in a long time ago, the sky has jade dragon and her onthe silver river island found a piece of white jade, they are thinking about foryears, white jade became a radiant pearl, pearl according to where the orb,where trees are evergreen, flowers are blooming. Message to the heavenly palace,the day after tomorrow will send heavenly queen mountain god will come to snatcha pearl. Yulong jinfeng and hurried to SuoZhu, was she refused, so he fight andshe is down, with a loose, the pearl will fall to the earth, into a crystalclear lake, and subsequent landing, yulong jinfeng and turned into a jade dragonmountain (namely YuHuangShan) and phoenix mountain, forever guardian in shore ofthe west lake.

Just some friends ask why water is so clear and pure of the west lake? Thecause of this is from the west lake about: west lake in 12000 years ago orshallow bay of communion with the qiantang river, long in wushan and stonemountain, north and south, the west lake, is a two way around the bay. Later,due to the impact of the tide sediment silting, separating the bay and theqiantang river, the western han dynasty (206 BC - AD 24 years) of the west lakelake have been fixed, the west lake really is fixed in the sui dynasty(581-618), by shallow bay on the geology evolution of lakes called lagoon. Sincethe west lake bear mountain spring of living water wash, and then experiencedall previous dynasties by bai juyi, su dongpo, Yang Mengying, RuanYuangovernance, such as five times launched large-scale artificial dredging, finallyfrom a natural lake become beautiful semi-enclosed shallow lakes scenery.

There are many names in the history of the west lake. The han dynasty (206BC - 220 AD) when called wulin, Taurus, Ming sacred lake lake water; The tangdynasty (618-907) called Shi Han lake, qiantang lake. In addition to Gao Shihu,sage lake, lake, longchuan, money, etc. In the northern song dynasty (960-1127),su dongpo when making hangzhou local officials, wrote a poem of praise to thewest lake: "above the billow sunny side, mountains, emptiness rain also, for thewest lake than west, c plus always right." Poet fancy compare west lake toChinese ancient beauty xi shi, as a result, the west lake has a "scenery"bills.

As the famous west lake landscape, many Chinese and foreign celebritieshave a special liking to this. Life of the communist party of China MAO zedong40 times to hangzhou, the longest lived for seven months, he put the hangzhou asa "second home". MAO tse-tung often praised the beautiful west lake, but he wasnever formally published about the poetry of the west lake. A great man like thewest lake in China, international friends of the west lake is linger. The formerUS President Richard Nixon to hangzhou twice, he praised: "Beijing is thecapital of China, and hangzhou is the heart of the country, I will come again."Nixon also the hometown of the California redwood to hangzhou.

Our ship has slowly started. I look over the whole trip on the lake tripsimply introduce: around the scenic spots have mountain and two dike of theweek. Mountain butte, referring to the isolated hill scenic area scenic spot andhistoric resort up to more than 30, the lake can appreciate to go on to abridge, qiu jin tomb, xileng printing society, building outside the building,zhongshan park, etc. After isolated hill is bai causeway, from pinghu harvestmoon, finally broken bridge cx, bridge and the famous stone, and landscape flowchardonnay. Watching the lake scenery, we go to the lake three island, a cruiseship shore finally in the su causeway.

The ship is now moving from west to east, everybody is in xiaogushan areascenery. Solitary shanxi go on bridge, east bai causeway, 35 meters, covers anarea of 200000 square meters. Isolated hill scenery between tang and songdynasty has been known, south the Confucian cases in the construction oflarge-scale palace of the western Pacific b, the most isolated hill is dividedinto the imperial. The qing emperor kangxi was built in the palace, theyongzheng emperor palace instead holy temple, and the time of the lingyintemple, net Keats temple, according to their temple said "four big jungle" "westlake. Some friends may ask: isolated hill is the biggest island in the westlake, why named" xiaogushan "? This is because in the history of this specialbeautiful mountain scenery, has long been known as the emperor alone possessed,so for the butte. Tell from the geology, butte is composed of the rhyoliticvolcano, the bird is and land together, so "xiaogushan not solitary,middle-east, longbridge not long" quiet is known as the west lake.

You see in front of the seat ring hole in the stone bridge, is located inthe west xiaogushan, named go on bridge. It is known as the west lake andmiddle-east, longbridge ancient three big bridge.

Go on to the bridge, after isolated hill foot of green leaves with whitemarble statues, see the heroine akimbo, left hand right hand by the sword, eyes,head to look at the front, like exploring the revolutionary truth. Who is she?She is the pioneer of Chinese womens liberation movement, to overthrow the qingdynasty, the struggle for national independence and heroic sacrifice of "nowoman" qiu jin. Tomb this statue is 2.7 meters high, 2 meters high, positivemonument there the sun on the calligraphy "heroine" four big word. Qiu jinmartyr statue, gives us an inspiration: is famous for its west lake, is not onlyof the landscape, it is more because of many historical figures andmultiplication. Within the west lake scenic area, is known as "three jie" on thelake of yue fei, Yu Qian, Zhang Cang water, and together with qiu jin for therevitalization of the Chinese modern hair to the revolutionaries Xu Xilin,TaoChengZhang, buried the west lake.

We ship to continue driving slowly to the east, you see in front of a whitewall, courtyard is famous xileng printing society. Mid-stream and the right,this match well of Chinese and western architecture, is a one hundred - year -old building outside the building. Building outside the building, founded in1848, the name is taken from the southern song dynasty poet Lin Sheng "mountaincastle peak building outside the building" a sentence. Building outside thebuilding, geographical and human conditions and that has received many Chineseand foreign celebrities. Building outside the building on the number of takecharge of famous west lake vinegar fish, it is the choice of the west lakeculture within the prescribed scope of grass carp, first hungry a second day,the fish in clean water to remove dirt, and then cooking. Into cooking afterwest lake vinegar fish, colour and lustre is red, the meat is tender, sweet anddelicious, with a crab flavor, is the most representative flavor dishes inhangzhou.

Now the ship is heading to zhongshan park, the main gate of xiaogushanright here. "The mountain is not high, with fairy is name", isolated hill is afamous mountain scenery, is a famous mountain culture. Isolated hills status inthe west lake scenic area is so important, because it is rich in historical andcultural connotation, there are the famous "west lake scenery all over theworld," still memory of the northern song dynasty poet reclusion and Lin jingput crane pavilion. These sites were we went to visit.

Near the zhongshan park, we saw a group of architecture is a newly builtcompletion "museum" of zhejiang province. Then surface display up to 7000 yearsago the hemudu culture, down to the modern exhibits more than 1700 pieces ofcultural relics. Museum is at the back of the ancient buildings in the qingdynasty royal library Wen Lange, it is our country for collection "ku" of one ofthe seven book cabinet.

See that highlight the cement of the lake in front of the platform facedpavilion has show before our eyes, this building was built in the qing dynastyemperor kangxi years, named pinghu harvest moon. It is the starting point of baicauseway, is also one of the three largest moon resort in hangzhou. In thehistory of hangzhou people Mid-Autumn moon have three options: just one of thefirst three islands in the lake, the mountains should be lunar phoenix mountainscenic spot, as to the shore, is the number that the beautiful and quiet night,water days of the pinghu harvest moon!

Now you see the front the between willow of peach "between" causeway totravel is bai causeway. When our ship sailed to here, the west lake is the mostbeautiful scenery appeared in front of everyone. Look! On each side has a lineof willows, prunus persica, especially in music, willow green, peach purples, aTaoGongLiuLu scenery, visitors to this, as if in the fairyland. Bai causewayformerly known as "white sand dam", as early as one thousand years ago in thetang dynasty, is famous for its beautiful landscapes. Although it with white inthe host bai causeway is not in a position of the building, but as a reminder ofthe hangzhou people made outstanding contributions in hangzhou in "the oldmayor", still put it named bai causeway. Built it with su dongpo presided overthe two jin su causeway is like lake zone, colorful, hand in photograph reflect.Everyone to see, bai causeway in the middle of the bridge is called jin belt, isa wooden bridge before, "green bridge" in the name, now renamed the stonebridge. At the end of bai causeway, the broken bridge, 1 km of the bai causewayis the "break".

Broken bridge name originally taken in tang dynasty, song dynasty saidtreasure Hu bridge, also called period of yuan dynasty home know, used to be amoss was the ancient stone bridge. Although we now see the bridge arch is a verycommon, but its name and "white snake" story relates in together, thus becameone of the most famous bridge in the west lake.

At this point, I saw some friends already in careful observation, maybe youwill ask right away: the bridge is not broken, why the name "broken bridge"? Letme to answer this question. Broken bridge is one of the famous west lake tenviews, because of the broken bridge position in the back of mountain city, is inthe north outside the lake and lake water points, in the field of vision isopen, is the best place to watch the west lake snow scenery in winter. When snowattendance, the positive aspect has deglaciation snow bridge, and the shadow ofthe bridge still snowy, from a distance, the bridge seems broken broken, hencethe name "broken bridge can xue". Also, the broken bridge and the end of baicauseway, bai causeway that runs from the foundation to the interruption. Atthis point, you may have understood, the original is "dam broken bridge".

Everybody look at broken bridge behind the mountain called stone mountain,elevation 78 meters. The rocks of the mountain and hills west lake, mainlycomposed of igneous rock in the flow lines and tuff, one is called "gem" jasper,embedded in the purple grey stone, in the sunlight, attention, this is theorigin of stone mountain is named. The mountains that tall and straight, standhigh tower, full names baochu pagoda. The early baochu pagoda will unveil fornine stupas, now was rebuilt in 1933. It is made into solid structures, minuseight arrises type, 45.3 meters high, and well-balanced, soft beautiful lines,in the lake in the tower, baochu pagoda will unveil the modelling of the mosthandsome, the most gentle and graceful shape. History and baochu pagoda willunveil the and a corresponding coasts, in the west lake landscape layout, andlocated in a central axis, north island and south island, on the other side ofthe lake, a sincere and elegant, a slender and pretty. Before both coasts notcollapsed, the west lake was presented on the north-south confrontation, onelake "hit the twin towers of the places, so people have" world such as na,protect Chu such as beauty ", says the when the coasts and baochu pagoda willunveil the different charm.

Each friend: along the coast of the west lake landscape is introduced here,and then we go to watch the three islands in the lake.

First of all, lets take a look at the big island in the west lake "just",also called small ying state. This is a "lake island, island in lake" garden onthe lake. The whole area of 70000 square meters, of which the water accountedfor 60%. Island is "tian" glyph, something even the willow embankment, the civilbuilding winding and winding side and plant with large red, white and all kindsof water lilies. In addition, in the history of three pools of money month alsofamous for planting the west lake water shield.

Below please island tour with me, just the island, in the early build-up inthirty-five years Ming wanli (1607), is made of dredging lake mud accumulation.Its essence lies in three stone tower, south of the island. See: three electionstower on the lake, 2 meters high tower, the towers are spherical, lined withfive small round hole, the top of the tower a gourd shape, beautiful modelling.Every night, especially in the Mid-Autumn festival, bright, people light candlesin the tower, along the mouth with tissue paper, candles, outside the "shadow,cloud and shadow" dissolved into a piece, "candlelight, moonlight, lake" hand inphotograph reflect, in the refraction of light, tower lights through 15 roundhole projection on the surface of the water, with a total of 30 moon, plus 1early a water in the sky, the lake can be reflected in 32 small moon, present"the day round last month, the lake shadow into three" the beautiful scenery, is"one lake jinshui to dissolve in the autumn," unspeakable poetic.

Then we look at the lake the cornice of the newborn pavilion, named lake.It is the largest of the west lake a pavilion. Is also part of one of theearliest construction in west lake three island island, built during Mingjiajing thirty-one years (1552 years), from reading has a history of 440 years."Central plain jams" is one of the ten views qiantang. Stand in lake placeoverlooking the lake, cloud-covered mountains, panoramic view, the west lakescenery, take in everything in a glance.

Lake in the northwest of the island, called RuanGong pier. The west lakethree island, the smallest one, has an area of only 5561 square meters. It is inthe qing dynasty jiaqing years (in 1800), the governor of zhejiang RuanYuan withdredging silt after the west lake together. Nguyen pier fishing has become agood place for hangzhou citizens holiday leisure, nguyen pier rides are for thetourists around the grand launch of a feature of the west lake in thesummer.

Visited the three islands in the lake, our ship has been to the dock indirection - su causeway. You see: this article from the south and in front ofthe weak across the lake, 2.8 km long beach of the lake is the su causeway.Pangde, a total of six stone arch Bridges are reflected wave, lock rings,wangshan, dike, dongpu, across a rainbow, bank planting peach willow, lotus,form "the west lake scenery, six bridge a willow a peach" view. Said to the sucauseway, people will naturally think of the northern song dynasty poet sudongpo, su dongpo had twice as a magistrate in hangzhou, the west lake, heorganized 200000 migrant workers dredging then use mud fenchyl grass lake, builtthe from nanping mountain foot of qixia ling long beach, later generations tocommemorate his great deeds, named "su causeway". Now the southern tip of dikebuilt "su dongpo memorial" for people to visit, honoring the achievements of sudongpo.

Friends: people often put the hangzhou west lake and lake Geneva,Switzerland lemmon compared to the east and the west reflect two stars in theworld of bead, it is because of the west lake, just for the Italian Marco Poloto hangzhou classics as "the worlds most beautiful city of showily. The westlake as a famous scenic spot, received of the heads of state of the world. As aresult, not only is the pearl of hangzhou west lake, is the Oriental pearl, thepearl of the world.

"Yi jiangnan, most have is hangzhou. Find out the laurel blossoms filledthe air. Yamadera months, county kiosk pillow watching tide. When more revisit?"This is bai juyi for the praise of the west lake to leave aftertaste endlesssong. My dear friends, when we the end of the west lake when do you feel thesame? I hope see you soon, we meet again, full sleep (An reward the laurelblossoms filled the air. And the qiantang river on the tide, mountains andrivers, to the west lake always retain fond memories of you.

Dear visitors, pleasant west lake day trip is over, thank you for yourcooperation to me. You have fun? Hope that the west lake in the mountains andrivers, the fond memories of you forever.

Ladies! Gentlemen! Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I am a tour guide zhi-xian li, nine years old this year. Everybody call me xiao li.

Welcome to the Great Wall to play! Do you know why the Great Wall is one of the world heritage? This is because, the Great Wall of a stone LiangSanBaiJin heavy. Then, there has been no crane, all rely on folks countless countless hands and shoulders, and that is a world heritage site.

The Great Wall, after numerous reconstruction. Do you know the legend of the Great Wall? Ill give you said a!!!!

According to legend, there are two kinds of family watermelon. One day, ripe watermelon, found to have a special big watermelon, open on see, there was a little girl. They give her two named: meng jiangnu.

Meng jiangnu grew up, to find a husband. One day, the officers and soldiers came and took her husband took to build the Great Wall.

A few years later, her husband is dead. Meng jiangnu very sad, just go to the Great Wall edge to find her husband. She found while crying, the Great Wall was her tears fall down.

The Great Wall, theres still a lot of defensive ability. However, qin shi huang is to kill many innocent people, let people panic, in this way, qin eventually perished.

Well, to the Great Wall, you can get off carefully browse our Great Wall!

自加入____公司以来已经一年多的时间了。在这里我从学校的一名学生踏上了工作岗位成为一名员工，学到了更多的知识技能，各方面都有了的提升。在领导的支持和同事们的帮助下，较好的完成了自己的本职工作。很感谢当初公司领导给我这个成长的平台，让我可以在工作中不断成长，不断学习，提升了自身的素质，现将一年的工作总结如下：

1、把事情细节化、条理化、规范化

行政的工作比较琐碎，收发传真、邮件、报纸，维护办公设备、送水、接待不同的来访人员等。刚接触工作时，有时候事情赶到一块就会有些应付不过来，显得手忙脚乱。虽然完成了工作，但是在工作过程中有些细节就没能注意到，做事情也显得没有条理。效率也就低了下来。

经过不断的摸索和总结，我意识到要想优质的完成这些工作，首先要把工作从全局统筹好，再从细节入手，保持良好的工作状态，提高效率。只永不懈怠的提高自己，才能胜任看似简单的行政工作。现在，已能较好的统筹安排工作，并努力把工作细节处理得当。争取给大家最到位的支持和服务，不断提高自己的业务水平，按职业化的标准时刻要求自己。同时，规范化方面还需要加强，我也会在今后的工作中更加注意这一点。

2、保持较好的工作状态

人低为王，地低为海。行政本身是一个服务性和支持性的工作，尤其是前台接待。当有客户到访或是公司有大型会议时，前台就会负责一些茶水准备和服务工作，要了解到每个人的需求，适时地为大家服务。在接待其他人员，如送报、送水、来访人员的司机，也要服务周到，体现出公司的良好的形象。

只有保持良好的工作状态，才能提升服务质量。在工作过程中，我要求自己避免消极情绪，谨记工作职责，时刻把自己的位置放到一个合适的高度，本着为人服务提升自己的态度投入到工作中。这也是一个行政人员必备的素养。

3、学会沟通和团队协作

沟通，是一个人生存在这个社会中必不可少的一种能力。前台工作需要对内、对外和各部门以及社会上很多人士打交道。沟通、以及良好有效的沟通显得尤为重要在这一年的工作中，各项沟通基本畅通，但本身也存在着不少问题。当一件事情发生时，很多情况下我在沟通时缺少积极性和主动性。总是花费时间在去想这件事上，而不是及时的去了解、沟通，在处理事情时略显被动。因此，也浪费了一些时间，降低了工作效率。这是很不专业的一面。

遇事积极主动，在第一时间去解决问题。不仅可以把工作更好的完成，也能促使自己养成做事不逃避、勇于向前、负责到底的品质。在今后的工作中，我会以这种标准去要求自己，争取把工作完成的更出色。

国际专利许可合同(附英文译本)

16.1 the contrant os signed on may _________， _________， by authorized represenatives of botbpar-ties.after the contract has been signed， the two parties shall apply to their respectivethe managing onstructure of the parties or government authorities for apprval. the dateof ap-proval last obtained shall be taken as the date of effectiveness of the contract. both partfies shallexert their best efforts to obtain the approval within sixty (60)says and inform the oth-er party by telex and thereafter confirm the same by letter. ifthe contract can not come into affect within six (6) months after the date of signing，both parties are entitlid to consider themselves absolved from the contract.

16.2 tbe contract shall be valid for ten (10) years beginning from the date of itsbe-comingeffective， and shall become null and void automatically upon the expiry of thevalidity period of the contract.

16.3 the termination of this contract shall not affect in any way the outstandingclaims and the liabilities existing between the two parties upon the expiry of the validity of the contractandthe debtor shall be kept liable until he fully pays up his debts to the creditor.the contract is made out in chinese and in englsh. in case of doubt as totheinterpreta-tion of any provisions gerof， the chinese version shall be controlling.party a （signature）:_________ party b（signature）:_________conclusion place:_________ conclusion place:_________conclusion date:_________ conclusion date:_________appendis 1 name， content of patent documents and application of the patentsappendix 2 models， specifications and technical lndices of the contract productappendix 3 the starting date and counting methods of royaltyappendix 4 the content and method of licensors auditingappendix 5 training of party as personnelappendix 6 technical service or specialist send by party bappendix 7 verification and acceptance of the contract product this contract madeon_________ day of_________，by and be-tween ，organized and existingunder the laws of the peoples republic of china. with rehistered office at (hereinafterreferred to as party a) of the first part and ，organized and existing underthe laws of _________，with its principal office at_________.

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Dear visitors friends:

Welcome to the Palace Museum, I am your tour guide, ya ya.

Believe we all know, the imperial palace and the Forbidden City. It is the most complete existing ancient buildings in China. Its total area is about 720xx0, is the world famous art museum, many cultural relics is a national treasure.

This is the meridian gate, is the main entrance of the palace. It is very important. Many great ceremony are held here. Meridian gate you will think of "exit the meridian gate beheaded" this sentence. It is a misunderstanding. In the past, the emperor and his ministers council always have different opinions. In the Ming dynasty can break his ministers to the meridian gate for external use bamboo to be spanked, dont look down upon this bamboo, it is a kind of bamboo wankou thick, inside irrigation on the mercury, even, in order to increase the damage, several wars can were raw. Be dozen deathless also want to permanently disabled. This horror from the palace to folk, it gradually became "exit the meridian gate beheaded"

? Dont be excited, first in front of the beautiful scenery waiting for us!

Kunming lake is located in the Summer Palace in Beijing, its area is about three-quarters of the total area. Former northwest Beijing many springs converge into natural lakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake.

Kunming lake, a former northwest Beijing many springs converge into natural lakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake. Due to the longevity hill after the predecessor has the name of urn hill, also known as urn hill parking. Kunming lake is a natural, artificial lake. Here is the original xishan hill arch fans, former reason springs to assemble a lowland swamp.

In 1153 AD, after gold yanjing (as) in its capital, gold master yan hong light out the chicken water land, built in the jinshan palace. More from the west to the aim of yuquan hill spring note at the foot of the jinshan, make it become a plain, storage called the golden stream. This is the precursor of the kunming lake today. To the yuan dynasty, to increase the golden stream of water will be needed to supply the Kyoto grain transportation, water conservancy, guo shoujin guided ChangPing County white water from springs and yuquan hill into the mooring floating village. Jinshan was renamed urn hill, lake was renamed urn hill berth, the surface than had previously been expanded. In the Ming dynasty, white village water channel (white floating weir) disrepair, the water dried up, urn hill parking area is narrow. Emperor qianlong in the qing dynasty carved deep to expand mooring and urn hill, become larger than when Ming dynasty triple giant leaching, the beginning of the kunming lake.

This name, is the emperor that is applied in the qianlong emperor in changan capital kunming pool practicing wenhuan allusions. The name used today. After the yuan dynasty Beijing its capital for grain transportation, presided over by the water conservancy experts guo shoujin, upstream water development, changping along the mountain spring water and running water into the lake, became mostly in the city of grain transportation by using the reservoir. Many planting lotus in the lake in the Ming dynasty, around the paddy planting rice, lake have temples, pavilions, wins again, like the jiangnan scenery, hence there are "west lake", "west lake scenery" of reputation.

MingWu of land god, Ming has been on a boat to go fishing for fun here. Qing qianlong built qingyi garden, the lake will develop, become the size of the now, and take the emperor in changan kunming digging pool exercises war story, named kunming lake, on the lake every summer training exercise. Kunming lake on the main subject is west dike and six bridge, east dike, the west embankment in the south lake island, the marble seventeen-arch bridge which and so on. Flow around the longevity hill river at the foot of the mountain, known as the lake.

Dear friends: passenger

Heuo! My name is Hou Xiang, I am your tour guide at this time. Today, I lead you to the world civilization world-beating badaling Great Wall tour. I hope you have a good viewing the ancestors left us scenic spot and historic resort!

You see, we are now at the foot of badaling. Everyone looked up, badaling Great Wall is very much like a dragon? Between the mountains circled crept. To tell you that this period of the Great Wall is thirteen thousand li. Here we see again, can find the Great Wall is divided into west, north, two peak, magnificent scenery, just like dragons rising and prosperous one. If you want to see the Great Wall scenery, go up and view it for you.

Tourists friends! We finally came to the famous badaling Great Wall, is really spectacular! The badaling Great Wall tall, solid, is made of stone and ChengZhuan. Ground upper berth square brick, very smooth, like the road is very wide, wide width, so if the horse stood above, WuLiuPi horse can be hand in hand, we now have a try, arms extended, some can account for more than ten people.

Good, we go forward again, we look at, walked on the wall is two meters high buttress, the mouth of the buttress on the square, this is war outlook, and shot mouth. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, this is the ancient fortress of station troops. War, between the pile caps can mutual echo.

Badaling Great Wall there is a lot of beautiful scenery, here is the civilization of the world tourist attractions, hope you can carefully touring!

高中校园 英文广播稿

good morning, everyone. 同学们, 早上好!欢迎大家收听第七期校园英语广播，i’m amy, 我是amy老师。how time flies! 时间过得真快啊，我们已经开学一个多月了，大家每周都可以享受英语组的老师们准备的英语广播，are you ready? ok, follow amy and enjoy it! 准备好了吗?和amy 一起享受吧!下面，让我们进入今天的第一个板块“say you, say me” 说你说我。

(music)

a：hi, amy, what do you want to do this weekend?

b：we want to have a barbecue. will you go with us?

a：sure!

barbecue 如今是个时髦的词，约上朋友去户外烧烤野餐，既尝到了美味，又是个放松，聊天的好机会。那么这个听起来，吃起来都不错的barbecue背后有个怎样的故事呢?barbecue 来源于海地语，最初是指由树桩制成的木制平台，是人们当床用的。而barbecue 最早出现在英语之中有“床”和“烧烤架”两种意思，到了18世纪才发展成今天的“烤肉”之意。大家是不是越听越有食欲了呢?好了，选择一个风和日丽的周末和你的mom and dad 一起去barbecue 吧!不要忘了叫上amy 老师哟!

(music)

现在大家即将听到的是“big big world ”, 大大的世界。这一期amy老师要教大家一个俚语，让我们一起听听下面这个小对话吧!

a：tom, you look very angry.

b：yes, they think i am a black sheep, but i am a good boy!

sheep 绵羊是性情温顺的动物，通常用来比喻善良，纯洁的人。一群绵羊中有时会夹杂一只长黑毛的绵羊，因为黑绵羊不如白绵羊值钱，所以black sheep 就比喻为无用之辈，大家明白了吗?black sheep 指人时是“无用之辈”的意思哦，大家一定要记住，千万不要闹出笑话了。

(music)

接下来是今天的最后一个板块了，和大家一起享受英语真是一件美妙的事情，尤其是听听这首charming music, amy 老师要推荐给大家的魅力音乐是“ do re mi” 这首歌，希望大家喜欢，会唱的同学一起唱吧!

( do re mi)

同学们，又到了我们有奖竞猜的时间了，今天amy老师要分别给低年级和高年级的同学提个问题。首先，请一到三年级的同学们听好了，你们的问题是“you are a black sheep” 是什么意思呢? a. 你是只黑色的绵羊 b. 你真没用。 然后是四到五年级的同学们了，你们的题目是“请写出 black sheep 这句俚语的英文”， 请将答案交到你们的英语老师那吧。

(music)

好了，今天的英语广播就到这了，谢谢大家的收听!see you next time