南京中山陵导游词讲解【精品20篇】

做为一个刚入行的新导游，首先要会带兰州一日游，当然兰州一日游是兰州导游最基本的东东.一般兰州一日游都是早上接6点50分的从敦煌下来的火车，接站的时候导游一般在东站口聚集，或者可以去站台接是最好的，接上以后一般是在新世纪用早餐，或者是迎宾，要末就是青香阁{灵活掌握}，当然费用签单

或者现付。用完早餐后就开始今天的行程了，在旅游大巴上开始做讲解时，一般最好不要讲考导游证的书面知识，因为当一个游客来到一个陌生的都市来说，他最关心的城市的面积，人口，教育，大学。收入 ，交通，人文，方言，包括美女，住房，消费等现实生活中的东西。如果你刚入行在从火车站接团去

黄河风情线的路上讲一些书面知识是没人听，因为这是在车上，客人最关心的是车窗外的新鲜事物，也就是说沿途看到什么讲什么，才能抓住游客的吸引力。假如从火车站接团你可能会讲到，兰州火车站的历史，包括铜奔马碉像，兰州的街道，兰州大学，飞天大酒店，中间穿插讲兰州的古称，市树，市花{主要是推玫瑰，三炮台}国芳百盛，体育馆，住房，收入，交通，南关什子，中山大厦{黑兰州，百合}阳光大厦，王进喜，中山路，孙中山，陆都心脏，兰州方言，张掖路，黄河风情线，最后到达第一个景点水车园。

这是最基本的程序。在兰州一般所参观的景点是水，黄，铁，白。我一般带团是黄河母亲是在车上讲，不在景点讲，为什么那，因为一到旺季是好多团队在一起时，你在讲的时候客人都在抢最佳位置照象，影响你的讲解情绪。所以在车上讲比较好。在黄河母亲停留时间不过10分钟。水车圆就要看情况了，最基本的水车大家都会讲不用我说，当然羊皮筏子算是一个重头戏了~~~~~属于个人业务问题。当然我不喜欢推羊皮筏子，因为我有恐水证，哈哈开个玩笑，只不过每次做的时候客人都要把我拉上一块坐，导游不坐的话，客人也就不坐了，没办法只有硬着头皮了。还有在水车圆的门口，葫芦店的老板会忠实的等候

你的~~~~~铁桥我一般会在白塔山上讲，因为在山上讲时没有人会围观你的，比较安静，不向在铁桥边好嘈杂的噪音呀，那么上白塔上的话两种途径，要末走上去，要末缆车上，自己依据情况选择，我的团队基本上缆车上，比较节省体力。对导游来说也不亏，给旅行社也省下费用了，何乐而不为呀。当然在讲白塔山时，并不是主要讲白塔的，而让客人最信服你的是白塔山上的丝路全景图，这个是最能体现导游讲解水平的，当然该怎么讲自己的好好研究。一般步行上白塔山时先讲牌匾“九曲安澜”的含义，然后是砖雕“钟馗捉鬼图”重点是“丝路全景图”，最后是山顶的白塔和三宝，在山上休息时你也可以创收。就是三泡台。下山后，就是大家所熟知的百合店，矿石馆，陇翠堂，茶艺等，具体怎么进自己搭配。景点一般是在中午前就结束，下午比较松，如果是送晚上10点17分的火车的话，下午很好安排，逛接，开钟点房，洗脚，包场看歌舞都可以。不用我说，大家比我明白了。晚上安全送站。结束行程

十月二日我们把生活用品和食物备齐，把家里事情打理好后高高兴兴去九华山了，开始了我们的自驾之旅。九华山位于安徽省池州市青阳县境内，风景区面积120平方公里，保护范围174平方公里。是首批国家重点风景名胜区，着名的游览避暑胜地，现为国家5A级旅游区、全国文明风景旅游区示范点，与山西五台山、浙江普陀山、四川峨眉山并称为中国佛教四大名山，是“地狱未空誓不成佛，众生度尽方证菩提”的大愿地藏王菩萨道场，被誉为国际性佛教道场。……经过两个小时的车程终于到了九华山风景区的游客换乘中心。

九华山的游人还真多啊!每个停车场都很拥挤，找了20多分钟才找到一个空车位下了车，我们往前走这里的街道可真繁华，人山人海的，这里的每一家商店卖的东西都离不开“佛”这个字，像佛像、拜佛用的佛香、佛型的挂件、饰品……我们往前走了大概1千米左右总算来到了售票处，买票上山的游客自觉得排起了两条长龙，我们排队半个多小时才买好了门票。

我们坐上了去九华山风景区的大巴，当大巴行驶在弯弯曲曲的盘山公路上我不由得一阵心惊肉跳，在这么危险崎岖的山路上，没有一定的驾驶技术是不敢上路的。在途中我看见了很多寺庙有只园寺，化城寺，旃檀禅林寺等。到达目的地了，这时我看见旁边的路标上写着“九华街”，这里是九华街呀!我拿爸爸手机查了一下资料上说九华街坐落化城盆地，四山环抱，方圆约4平方公里，是九华腹地中一颗明珠。看样子很好玩我四处看了看这里有很多农家乐。突然我看见了一座很大的寺庙——化城寺，爸妈带我进去烧香拜佛求佛祖保佑，这里香火极盛，游人不绝。

吃完午饭后我们又坐车去九华山天台风景区，上天台景区要坐索道去，看着上上下下的索道缆车我有点怕但又想体验一下刺激，坐在缆车上很平稳我有点高兴又有点失望，我高兴是因为很安全，失望是因为没体验到想像中的惊险刺激，缆车窗外的山上有很多黄山松(跟黄山松的品种一样统称为黄山松)不一会儿到达了天台哇!有一句话说的真不错，“去九华山，不去天台等于没来”。

在天台上可以看到九华山的全景，那里有一座山很像观音菩萨，正好这座山也叫“观音峰”。据说这还有一个故事：传说释地藏大师在拜经台诵经闭关，观音菩萨千里迢迢赶来探望。菩萨聚首，深究佛旨。相谐之余，观音亦为灵秀九华所陶醉，离行时，观音轻点一石，是现一尊女相观音，以示教化。“石观音”面庞圆润，胸脯微挺，衣帽毕肖，襟带飘动，欲朝东北而行，酷似正在巡视人间救苦救难的观世音菩萨。从天台放眼四周，四处都是山峰和松树，风景真是美极了!

时间不早了，我们决定不坐缆车自己走下去。在下山的路上，不时看见了三五成群的猴子在道路中间向游人讨要零食，我听旁边一位老人给它取了外号拦路猴。越往下走猴子越多，看那一只小猴子被猴妈妈抱在怀里，正是有趣极了!

天慢慢的阴沉下来，感觉马上要下雨了，我们必须要赶快回到车子旁边……总算到了停车场，可把我累死了。爸爸开车带我们去铜陵的外婆家休息一晚准备明天的行程。

各位游客们，我叫刘乐泉，今年八岁了，我首次为您们讲解四川九寨沟秀丽的风光，希望大家旅途愉快，为了大家的安全，请系好安全带我们马上要出发喽！

四川九寨沟在我国的西南边陲，这里山清水秀、风景如画，真是大自然的一块好宝贝啊！在这四周有着九个藏族村寨，四川九寨沟也因此得名了，还有108个湖泊，四川九寨沟是充满灵性的，让很多人都赞不绝口，四川九寨沟也被人们称为“童话世界”，这里还有茂密的原始森林，要是你幸运的话，说不定你还会看到一只憨态可掬的大熊猫呢！

在迷人的四川九寨沟，有个叫诺日朗瀑布，海拔2365米，瀑宽270米，高24.5米，是中国大型钙化瀑布之一，也是中国最宽的瀑布。藏语中诺日朗意指男神，也有伟岸高大的意思，因此诺日朗瀑布意思就是雄伟壮观的瀑布，真是“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”哪！早晨，如果淅淅沥沥的雨下过后，您就会看到蔚蓝的天空上挂上了一座彩虹桥，美丽极了！在诺日朗瀑布对面，有一座观景台，站在台子上，瀑布全景尽收眼底，化成了一面波澜壮阔的景象。

大家看看山下，有着潺潺的溪流，清澈见底的湖泊，还有可爱的小鱼，他们的声音，奏成了大自然动听的乐曲，晚上的湖泊犹如一面大镜子，明亮的月亮已经清清楚楚的被眏上了，这肯定会让大家想起猴子捞月亮的故事吧！

“一年之计在于春”春天即将要来临的时候，四川九寨沟冰雪消融、春水泛涨，山花烂漫，温柔而慵懒的春阳吻接湖面，吻接春芽，吻接你感动自然的心境...... 这是多么美丽的季节，这是多么美丽的风景！

有一次，美国的一位教授来旅游四川九寨沟，一走进去，就不由的说：“世界上有像这样美丽的景观，真是一大奇迹，是大自然给我们人类的幸运啊！”

在四川九寨沟，有着很多少数民族，汉族人很少，所以在那里的汉族人也叫少数民族，那里因为有了四川九寨沟，所以每天早晨，家家户户都把自己的儿女送到离四川九寨沟近的幼儿园里，在那里，人们常常把屋顶刷成白、蓝、黄、绿、红这几个颜色，白色代表白云，蓝色代表天空，黄色代表大地、绿的代表树木、红的代表大山，而且他们那的楼都盖三层，一楼是养牲畜的，二楼是人住的，三楼是祭祀神灵的。

今天旅游到此结束，希望大家对四川九寨沟的风景、瀑布、湖泊等等都有更一步的了解，我相信一些小朋友，对这里的食物呀！穿戴呀，肯定都很好奇，你们说我猜的对不对呢？哈哈,再见!

各位尊敬的朋友，大家好，欢迎你们来黄龙洞观光游览，很高兴能为您导游，我会竭诚为大家服务的。

黄龙洞索溪从水绕四门以下，至黄龙洞一段溪水，就是著名的索溪。据县志记载，因官军讨伐向王天子起义而得名索，古称索水。索溪汇集武陵源八百条溪涧之水，然后注入娄水，并入澧水。当代一位叫苏叶的女作家，为索溪之美所激动，竟然表示“来生甘作石，嫁与索溪水”，下辈子要作索溪的妻子。

关于武陵源的山水，不知有多少人为之礼赞放歌。这其中有个美学问题，即画家笔下山水的艺术布局。古代《画论》说：“山不体，石为骨，林为衣，草为毛发，水为血脉，云烟为神影，岚霭为气象，寺观、村落桥梁为装饰也。”以此观点，武陵源占全了，所以说人家称武陵源是一幅超级中国画卷，不无道理。过严格考察验收，正式将武陵源列入《世界遗产名录》，成为世界上极为稀少的纯自然遗产中的一员。从此，武陵源阔步走向世界。站在武陵大道把目光投向西部，我们可以看到那群峰绵延的天际线，那是一幅挂在天边的巨幅山水画卷。在西南处，是宝峰湖自然公园，东南处，是名闻中外的黄龙洞。现在我们前往黄龙洞和宝峰湖。前者是“中华最佳洞府”，后者誉为“人间瑶池”，相信大家能获得有别于砂岩大峰林风光的另一番感受。

黄龙洞又名黄龙泉，传说清代乾隆年间发生百日大旱，著名法师何俊儒率徒儿进洞求雨，全部遇难丧生，何老司临死前留下一句话：“当门田，莫打黄龙泉”。从此黄龙洞一直无人问津。1983年初，当地村民毛金初组织九个民兵，历经千难万险，终于探明了这世界溶洞奇观的真相。1984年2月破土开发，同年6月成立黄龙洞管理所，年底正式开放。1997年，黄龙洞由北京大通公司托管。1999年11月，由黄龙洞投资有限公司发起运作的世界特技飞行大奖赛穿越天门的活动，与黄龙洞的名字一齐远播世界。

黄龙洞是武陵源风景名胜区的王牌景点之一，她以规模大、内容全、景色美而被誉为溶洞景观的“全能冠军”。正如许多游人所说：黄龙洞是诗的结晶，哲学的凝聚，美的雕像。黄龙洞现已探明的洞底面积约10万平方米，全长7640米，垂直高度140米，内分两层旱洞两层水洞，有1库、2河、3潭、4瀑、13个厅、98廊以及上千个白玉池，上万座钟乳石峰。整个大洞犹如一株古木，错节盘根，散发开来，洞中有洞，天外有天，山重水复，峰回路转，由天生灰质溶液凝聚而成的洞穴景观琳琅满目、美不胜收、无所不奇、无所不有。现在，请大家跟我一起神游黄龙洞。请注意不要掉队。

双门迎宾。双门，左边的取名“幸福门”，右边的取名“长寿门”，您是更看重爱情如意婚姻美满事业有成，选择走“幸福门”呢?还是祈盼益寿延年长命百岁，选择走“长寿门”呢?当然，谁都希望既拥有幸福，又能够长寿，那么，记住：现在选择一道门进去，等游览完毕返回的时候，就从另一道门出来，不就鱼和熊掌兼得了吗?龙舞厅。这里是传说中龙的家族举行舞会的地方。舞会刚刚结束，只剩下左壁包厢里的一对情人还在窃窃私语，观众渐渐离去了也浑然不觉!

洞中植物。1994年中国第三届溶洞风景会议在这里召开期间，本土一位作家偶然间发现洞中居然有野草蔓生!黄龙洞内原先根本看不见任何植物，专家认为亿万年干燥、黑暗的自然条件，不可能生长植物。但是，不可思议的是，由于日光灯长期照射，洞中居然萌生出一派春色。奇怪的是普通白炽灯光下，却又见不到这种风景。难道是日光灯的某种力量叩醒了它们的生命之梦?1996年，中央电视台“正大综艺”摄制的“张家界专题”中，专门为黄龙洞中长草设计了一道“猜猜看”。这以后，有的人就冲着“洞中长草”这一奇观，跑来张家界旅游，说要亲眼一辨真假。

响水河。现在我们上船游响水河。梦幻般的情调，神话的氛围，哗哗的水声，如闻仙乐缥缈。栖龙岛、龙花礁、龙王金盔、藏宝阁、石花柱、插香台，我们好像来到了安徒生童话中的海底王宫!难怪联合国教科文组织的那两位官员荡舟响水河时说，黄龙洞是他们所看到的世界上最美的溶洞，洞中还有这么长的阴河，真是不可思议。据专家研究，黄龙洞发育在三叠系碳酸盐岩地层中，洞穴系统为远岸大三层和近岸小六层的立体空间结构，主要通道沿岸层走向延长。约三亿八千万年前，黄龙洞地区是一片汪洋大海，沉积了可溶性强的石灰岩和白云岩地层。经过漫长年代就开始孕育成喀斯特地貌，直到6500万年前地壳抬升，出现了干溶洞，然后经岩溶和水流作用便形成了今日的地下奇观。

天仙水。天仙水大厅面积为5483平方米。你们看，那三股瀑水，落差达27.3米，从高高的穹顶化碳泻下来，落在三座玉池里，这就是传说中龙的家族喝的“天仙水”。天柱街。诗人郭沫若为表达对美好生活的向往，写下了《天上的街市》一诗：想像那缥渺的空中，定然有美丽的街市;街市上陈列的物品，是世上没有的珍奇，可以说，诗中的意境在这里得到了最形象的展示。你们看，那两根石柱管它叫“恨难逢”，“喜相逢”，大自然如此充满人性化的安排，怎不令人叫绝。据考证，这里的石钟乳27万年才长1米，石笋每百年才长1公分。100年后的今天，这上下两条咫尺天涯、恨难相逢的小蛟龙就能实现“世纪之吻”了。到时候欢迎大家前来庆贺!天柱街全长1公里，以“天上街市”为界的东西街道，由高20米，宽3米，长22米的天龙桥连接。天龙桥是国内目前游览洞穴中最大的石拱桥，漫步桥上，您会不会想起那个银河鹊桥的古老传说?

龙宫是黄龙洞十三个大厅中最大的一个，也是景色最美的景点之一，底面积15000平方米，平均高40米，两千余根石笋拔地而起，千姿百态，异彩纷呈，或如飞禽走兽，或如宫廷珍藏，有的像巍巍雪松，有的像火箭升空。龙宫后园有金银两座花池，清水常溢，花簇盛开。宫顶钟乳柳垂帘挂，四周壁画栩栩如生。溶解着各色各样的矿物质的水，从岩层中渗透出来，滴落下来。矿物质在洞顶凝固结晶成倒悬钟乳石，从钟乳石滴落的水又把矿物质浇叠、堆垒在洞底，而长成节节向上的石笋。大家看看这龙宫的造型，领略这磅礴的气势。洞内最大石笋，高12米、直径10米的汉白玉天然石椅“龙王宝座”居高临下，众多石柱石笋似人似物，维妙维肖，围着宝座朝拜山呼，几十座珊瑚亭亭玉立，俨然一支庞大的“宫廷乐队”。湖南著名教授羊春秋先生作《寄生草》词对此进行描绘：“百态千姿模样，三宫六院门巷。龙王开宴设琼浆，猴王偷果闹天堂，君王纳宠拥罗帐。搬演了人间争攘，汇集了天下奇观。”最细处直径只有10厘米，如果按专家测定的黄龙洞石笋的年平均生长速度仅0.1毫米，那么依此推算，“定海神针”生长发育至今已有20万年历史了，而且仍在继续生长，如果再长6万年，再长6米，就可直抵穹顶而“顶天立地”了!为了更好地保护这一标志景点，黄龙洞景区管理部门特地为“定海神针”买下一亿元巨额保险，创全国为世界自然资源性遗产买保险之先河。迷宫地处黄龙洞底层，洁白晶莹的石钟乳、石笋、石柱、石幔、石花、石管、卷曲石、石珍珠、石珊瑚等玲珑剔透，密密匝匝，洁白、绯红、绀紫、嫩绿的钙质晶体，不染尘埃，晶莹闪烁。溶洞景观应有尽有，奥秘无穷，与粗犷宏伟的龙宫相比，迷宫更显温柔秀丽。

黄龙洞以立体的洞穴结构，庞大的洞穴空间，高大的石瀑布，宽阔的龙宫大厅及数以千计的石笋，水陆均备的游览线等资源优势，构成了国内外独树一帜的地下洞府。黄龙洞这样一座充满魅力的艺术宫殿，在地下沉睡了亿万年之久，直到1983年那个阳光明媚的春天，以当地民兵毛金初为首的探索者们才将尘封的洞门打开，黄龙洞从此光耀四海。

各位朋友，黄龙洞之行就要结束了，再次感谢您的支持与合作。欢迎您下次再来，再见!

塔基上刻着释迦牟尼出家修道的故事,依次是托胎、诞生、出游、苦行、坐禅、说法、降魔、涅般。该塔为五级八面密檐式石塔,高18.04米。塔基上浮雕释迦八相图和海石榴、鱼、龙、凤、花卉等图案;塔身刻有高浮雕天王像、普贤骑象图和文殊菩萨像,像上还刻有“匠人徐知谦”等题名。

塔檐下雕飞天、乐天、供养人等像。第二层以上每面都刻两个圆拱形龛,均内雕一酋跏趺坐佛,共计64尊,雕刻精细,甚为生动。全塔造型典雅、秀美,雕刻细腻、精湛,装饰华丽,为佛教艺术在江南的代表作,在中国古代建筑史上占有重要的地位。1988年舍利塔被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

栖霞山还有若干自然奇观,饶有情趣。如栖霞寺东北,平山头的南坡上有一处青灰岩石,表面呈波浪状,人称“迭浪岩”,十分罕见。此外还有“青锋剑”、“天开岩”、“一线天”等大自然鬼斧神工的奇观。

南朝石刻

体现南京南朝古都神韵的艺术瑰宝——南朝陵墓石刻,在江苏省内共有32处,其中南京地区有19处,分布在江宁、栖霞等处,其年代最早始于南朝刘宋,距今约1500年,19处陵墓石刻中,帝陵共3处,另有失考墓7处。

这些陵墓大多取坐北朝南方向,石刻距陵墓约千米左右,一般都包括镇墓神兽、神道石柱、神道碑等几种。镇墓神兽分双角天禄、独角麒麟与无角辟邪三种,形态基本相似,均体形高大,昂首挺胸,口张齿露,目含凶光,腹部两侧刻有双翼,四足前后交错,神态威猛庄严。天禄与麒麟仅限用于帝陵,辟邪则专用于王侯墓前。

位于栖霞区狮子冲陈文帝陈倩永宁陵前的天禄、麒麟,是帝陵石兽的代表作。它们相向而立,造型矫健灵活,雕刻手法细致圆熟,已脱尽汉代简朴作风,给人以挺拔、丰满的印象。而位于仙鹤门张家库村的梁临川王萧宏墓,墓前的辟邪雄浑简练,雕刻技法娴熟,造型的整体和局部皆十分和谐,显示出一种匀称美,是王侯墓前石辟邪的代表作。

神道石柱又称华表,以栖霞十月村吴平忠侯萧詹墓的碑文保存最为完整。南朝立碑较少,千百个碑毁散湮没,流传极少,而此碑巍然独存。石碑通高5.16米,分碑首、碑身、龟趺三部分。碑身镌刻当时著名书法家贝义渊所书2840多字的楷体碑文,是十分罕见的书法艺术珍品。

南朝陵墓石刻上承秦汉,下启隋唐,而与同时代的北朝石窟艺术遥相媲美,在中国石雕艺术史上占有极其重要的地位。它不仅是中国古代石雕艺术的杰作,也称得上是世界艺术宝库中的珍品,1988年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

天禄、麒麟雕刻

精美者,当属位于栖霞镇狮子冲的陈文帝永宁陵石刻。天禄又称“天鹿”,也称“挑拨”、“符拨”,是古代传说中的神兽,与“天命”和“禄位”有关。麒麟是传说中的“仁兽”,它的出现,往往被附会为圣贤的降生,是太平盛世的象征,永宁陵现存石天禄、麒麟各一只,昂首而立,凌空欲飞,富有动感,给人以挺拨、丰富的印象

朋友们：

下午好!现在我们来到上海黄浦江畔的外滩，首先，我对各位的参观游览外滩表示欢迎，并预祝各位旅游愉快。

外滩是上海的窗口，是上海的像征，是上海历史的凝聚。他集中体现了上海作为中国最大的经济中心城市，国际现代化大都市的特点。又能体现出上海作为历史文化名城的特点。外滩景区是自然景观和人文景观相融合的风景区，又是西方古典风情与中国现代风情相得益彰的风景区，也是中国近代文化与现在文化交相辉映的风景区。

外滩位于上海母亲河黄浦江与苏州河的交汇处，与东方明珠景区隔江相望。它北起外白渡桥，南至新开河中山东一路中山东二路地区全长约1800多米地形呈新月形。在它西面有北京东路南京东路九江路汉口路福州路广东路延安东路金陵东路等几条各具特色的重要道路，它们是建设和发展外滩景区的重要支架。

外滩原是在上海城厢外，东北面的沿江滩地。旧时俗称：黄浦滩。1843上海开阜后，英国第一任驻沪领事巴富尔看中了这一地区，于1845年以上海道台颁布的所谓〈上海土地章程〉为依据划定外滩在内的800亩土地为英租界。1849年法国也在英租界的南面划定亩土地为法租界。随后两国沿江开筑道路，称黄浦路，黄浦滩路。120xx年后也就是1945年，为了纪念伟大的革命先驱孙中山先生才改名为中山东一路。

二十世纪二三十年代，沿江修筑起了二十多栋巍峨参差，各具特色的世界各国古典风格的建筑。并在此地区开设了110多家银行等经融机构，使之成为当时远东最大的经济中心。百年沧桑，上海政府于1992-1993年间对这一地区进行了大规模的改造。将原来的马路扩建成十车道的宽阔道路，并在北面建起来造型独特的吴淞路闸桥以此减轻外白渡桥的重负。随后又建起了延安东路高架，使该地区的交通更为通畅，更展现了国际化大都市的强劲活力。沿江则修建起防汛墙和绿色长廊，各类雕塑和建筑小品坐落其间更使得外滩诗情画意。站在黄浦江边的观景台上，江风拂面，江面波涛粼粼，百舸争流，江上海鸥高低飞翔，可一览大城市港口的绚丽风光。隔江而立的东方明珠广播电视塔耸入云宵，国际会议中心造型优美，金茂大厦，中银大厦等跨世纪的摩天大楼更是欲与天工试比高，以及南浦大桥，杨浦大桥宏伟的气魄更使外滩借得美景。

亲爱的游客们想必大家在此时已经很想一览外滩的壮丽风光了吧，那下面由我带领大家一起浏览外滩风景区。

亲爱的游客门，现在我们站在外滩的观景台上，西面就是著名的：万国建筑博览风景线，北面可以看到绿树成阴的绿色长廊，黄浦公园和人民英雄纪念碑也在北面。隔江眺望则能看到陆家嘴经融区的摩天大楼建筑群。下面我将重点给大家讲解世界著名的万国建筑博览风景线。

大家可以看到从延安东路高架下来一直到北面的外白渡桥，在中山东一路的西面成一字排开的20多栋西方古典风格的建筑，他们构成为了万国建筑博览风景线。这些上海的近代经典建筑源于西方的古典建筑，所以要想了解它们则要把它们和西方的传统建筑联系起来，在比较中了解他们产生的原因及特点和功能。

二十世纪二三十年代，上海凭借自身优越的自然条件和人文环境，特别是历代中西方文化以及南北地域文化不断交流融合所造就成的深厚文化底蕴，让上海迅速成为当时中国乃至世界的一个突出的经济文化中心。使上海成为当时世界建筑大师们竞相表现自身价值，展示自己不风身手的大舞台。其时大量外国建筑师的登陆，先期留学欧美的中国建筑师的回归，给上海带了西方先进的建筑理念和技术，当然也使得当时建造成的上海近代建筑渗透了西方建筑的影响。所以当时上海的近代建筑呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象，留下了一大批价值连城的文化遗产。目前为止世界上还没有一个国家的城市能像上海一样拥有如此规模庞大。精美，技术精湛的近代建筑群。其中万国建筑博览风景线就是上海最为集中的近代建筑群。

好了，各位朋友，整个被称为凝固的音乐外滩的讲解到此就结束了。希望能给各位留下美好的回忆。

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水回澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

许国石坊耸立于县城闹市中心，为全国重点文物保护单位，建于明万历十二年(公元1584年)，是朝廷为旌表李保兼太子太保礼部尚书、武英殿大学士许国而立。许国明代嘉靖乙丑(公元1565年)进士，为嘉靖、隆庆、万历三朝的重臣，博行皇上“加恩眷酬”。牌坊四面八柱，呈口字形，石柱、梁坊、栏板、斗拱、雀替均是重四、五吨的大块石料，且全部为质地坚硬的青色茶园石，雕饰镂刻精美细腻，图案错落有致，疏朗多姿。成双结队的彩凤珍禽，翱翔雕梁之间，一个个飞龙走兽，扬威于画壁之中，十二只倚柱石狮，神态各异，体现出徽派石雕独特的表现手法。

现存的南樵楼基本保持宋代的建筑风格，特别是其中的“排栅柱”，乃正宗宋代“营造法”，今已很难见到。东樵楼又名阳和门，原名钟楼，建于明弘治年间，为重檐式的双层楼阁。这两座樵楼咫尺相望。

Each group members, today we will visit the scenic spots is a tomb. Sun yat-sens mausoleum is located in nanjing, the second peak of small maoshan the foothill, is one of the greatest Chinese democratic revolution pioneer sun yat-sen mausoleum, it is a famous building in nanjing during the period of the republic of China, has now become a card and sign in nanjing, is one of the first 5 a grade scenic spot. First, lets look at the sun yat-sen this person. Sun yat-sen, sun yat-sen, because when engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan has used "zhongshan firewood" alias, so your respectful name he is Mr Zhongshan, domestic and foreign friends often referred to as Dr. Sun yat-sen. Was born in 1866, as a teenager in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places to study, after graduation to practice medicine in places such as guangzhou, macau, and after a medical in politics; Organization founded the Chinese brothers in Japan in 1905, put forward the "expel the manchus, restore China, the establishment of the republic of China, the average land ownership" of the platform, as well as the three peoples principles ", the peoples livelihood and civil rights for democracy "theory; After the revolution in 1911, was elected the provisional President of the republic of China; The oath of office in 1912 New Years day, after yuan shikai secretly, he has led the "second revolution" movement "protecting" the movement to protect the ", etc.;

On March 12, 1925, died in Beijing because became ill because of overwork. Sun yat-sens mausoleum burial site is sun yat-sen was selected, on April 1, 1912 is the sun for the day after the peaceful reunification of the north and south, resolutely resigned as their President, sun yat-sen and hunting hu and others had to purple mountain area, he looked around the terrain, smiles to the around said: "after I had another died, to national begging for this 柸 soil, to house body". Sun yat-sens mausoleum was designed by young architects Lv Yanzhi, and mountain building, sits, Ming tomb, in the west and the east which the soul valley temple, cemetery global form design is "wake-up call". Sun yat-sens mausoleum since the start in the spring of 1926 in the summer of 1929 to build. Held on June 1, 1929 at 12 noon "manusoleum" sun yat-sens coffin was buried inside the tomb has never been opened. LingQian parts: (2 minutes)

Now we came to the tomb of the half moon square. Octagonal stone table, south of the square there is a statue of baoding copper, 4.25 meters high, abdominal diameter 1.23 meters, weighs 5000 kilograms, is one of the monuments of sun yat-sens mausoleum, the ding is in the autumn of 1933 by guangzhou zhongshan university President and all the teachers and students to donate, tai chi-tao wrote pot belly cast with "wisdom, kernel, brave," three word is the school motto of sun yat-sen university, ding also groove wear mother huang xiao ", the full text, so the xiao ding and ding. Ascend the stairs by square, right against the face of humanity, located in the center of the front, this is a four pillars three eaves of memorial arch, built in 1930, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide, with fujian granite archaize generation built wooden arches form, banners overlying blue glazed tile, before and after the column foot drum stone, the bottom of the column for rectangular stone bridge, arch carved lotus petals on clouds and ancient buildings such as coloured drawing or pattern design, because it is in writing banners on a stone, engraved with sun yat-sen calligraphy "fraternity" two gold-plating spiral, so called "love fang". Love a word from the tang han yus "the way" "universal love" benevolence ", it is said that sun yat-sens favourite topic

These two words to send people, that the word has become his life very good summary and reflection. Through the memorial arch, is a 480 meters long and 40 meters wide of the pyramid-shaped mound, left, middle and right three pyramid-shaped mound, intermediate in 12 meters wide, 9 meters wide on both sides of the lawn, which planted with cedar, Sabina chinensis, such as evergreen trees, the two sides of the pyramid-shaped mound each 4.6 meters wide, in what they each have the lawn, which not only planted gingko trees, such as cement benches for YeLing person to rest, also has in the design of both conforms to the spirit of traditional Chinese architecture, but also has a unique style, strict in axisymmetric give a person the sense with testimonies is rigorous, with two symmetrical cedar, Sabina chinensis, ginkgo, red maple trees instead of the ancient imperial tomb common stone golem, suggesting Mr Zhongshan spirit such as cypress trees last forever.

白居易说“忆江南，最忆是杭州”，一千多年后人们仍然这么认为。如果让世界各地的朋友选择定居中国某个城市，一半以上会选择杭州。西湖的长椅上，苏堤白堤断桥边，每天都在上演一个又一个爱情故事，也许梁山伯与祝英台、许仙和白娘子的爱情传说，使这个城市简直就是爱情和浪漫的代名词。

杭州建县于2200多年前的秦代，时称“钱唐”，至隋开皇年间改称杭州。钱塘自古繁华，素有“人间天堂”之誉。唐代中期，杭州发展成“珍异所聚、商贾并辏”的商业大都市。五代吴越和南宋量个朝代均建都杭州，历时200多年，是杭州发展史上的鼎盛时期，号称“东南第一州”。元朝的意大利旅行家马可©波罗把杭州赞为“世界上最美丽华贵的天城”。

杭州是中国八大古都之一，浙江省的省会。这里，江流襟带，山色藏幽，湖光翠秀;这里，史脉悠远，文风炽盛，名流辈出;这里，自古至今被公认为是古老神州的东南名都、鱼米之乡 、丝绸之府、文物之邦，一直以物质财富丰饶繁盛和文化艺术源远流长而享有“人间天堂”的美誉。经过20xx多年的保护、开发、建设，杭州从一个山中小县，出落成自然环境和人文底蕴相映生辉的国家历史文化名城、著名山水旅游胜地、东南沿海地区现代化的政治经济中心、交通枢纽和文化都会。

在紧邻杭州市区的西湖风景名胜区以及之江国家旅游度假区，一湖碧水与三面云山相互辉映，天光云影，长堤卧波，烟柳画桥，舫船往来;沿湖绿阴环绕，花团锦簇，亭台楼阁，美不胜收;群山之间，林泉茂盛，洞窟幽深，古迹遍布;100多处园林、景点点缀其间，100多处国家和省、市重点文物保护单位为之增色。春夏秋冬景致不同，昼夜变化多端;晴雨雾雪情韵各异，历代文人赋咏不绝。

杭州市下辖的5县(市)，同样山水秀美，民风淳朴，史迹悠远。辖区西南的新安江，支流众多，水流湍急，峡谷、河滩幽宁俊秀，晨雾、晚霞轻盈绚丽。千岛湖，由新安江水电站建造后形成，1078个大小岛屿，宛若天女散花洒落湖中，倩影秀姿，楚楚动人。富春江，水流平稳，夹岸连山妩媚，江上沙洲葱茏;两江风景如画，千岛满湖诗情，素有“新安之水来天上”和“天下佳山水，自古推富春”的赞誉。此外，钱塘江的浩荡大潮，天目山的苍茫林海，良渚文化遗存的璀璨奇谲，京杭大运河的古韵悠扬……无不令人心驰神往，流连忘返。

作为隋唐名郡、吴越首府、南宋都城和元、明、清以来的浙江省省会，杭州的历史文化积淀深厚凝重，经久弥新。代表着中华传统文明硕果的陶瓷文化、印刷文化、丝绸文化、茶文化、饮食文化、中医药文化、宗教文化、书画篆刻艺术和它们的创造者及其业绩在杭州的一大批博物馆、纪念馆和乡野水滨、名山大刹、老街古镇、文献典籍里，都能一一寻访和欣赏。改革开放以来，杭州城市的物质文明和精神文明建设蒸蒸日上，国民经济综合实力跻身全国城市十强之列，工农业生产和科技创新成果累累，名、特、优产品魅力更胜往昔，现代化交通、商务、生活、文化、娱乐新设施层出不穷。吃在杭州，住在杭州，游在杭州，玩在杭州，学在杭州，创业在杭州……。

古老而又年轻的杭州，走过了自己1000多年的发展变迁历程。而今，历史的步伐跨入了21世纪，美丽的杭州正朝着“构筑大都市，建设新天堂”的康庄大道健步向前迈进，以日新月异的面貌和第一流的服务水准，接待每一位前来寻幽探胜、游览休闲的客人。

西湖座落在杭州市中心区，以西湖为中心的西湖名胜区包括灵隐寺、岳飞墓、六和塔、飞来峰、三潭印月、虎跑泉等古迹，是全国十大风景名胜区之一。西湖之美是先贤之惠，唐有李泌凿井开窦、白居易修堤捍湖，宋有苏东坡开葑筑堤，明有杨孟瑛毁田浚湖，清有阮元疏浚湖底和修葺古迹。杭州另外一个国家级风景名胜区是城外的富春江-新安江-千岛湖风景名胜区，现在也是杭州的旅游重点区。

历史悠久的杭州还是华夏文明的发祥地之一，保存有良渚文化、吴越文化和南宋文化遗址，其中良渚文化遗址是与古长城遗址、古长安兵马俑遗址并列的中国最著名的历史文化遗址。杭州名人辈出，活字印刷的创始人毕升、晚清思想家龚自珍、作家郁达夫，都是土生土长的杭州人。

旅客朋友们，大家好，欢迎来到张家界游览，今天很高兴能为你们做导游，我姓邓，大家就叫我小邓吧。在今天的游览日程里，我会竭诚为大家服务，为使大家有一个良好的游览环境，在游览过程中，请大家讲究文明卫生，不要吸烟，不要乱丢果皮杂物，为了保护洞内景观及设施，请大家不要触击景物，带有相机的朋友还请不要翻越栏杆照相，谢谢您的合作，祝愿大家旅游愉快。

今天我们要参观的地方就是黄龙洞，如今的黄龙洞与过去相比已是焕然一新。现在大家所在的位置就是黄龙洞的入口也是其出口，进入洞内首先要经过百米长廊，这百米长廊道路窄小、光线阴暗，行动不是很方便，希望大家一路小心，注意安全。大家注意，前面就是双门迎宾，走过这道双门，就来到了黄龙洞的大厅――龙舞厅，洞内异常的宽敞，布局尤为巧妙，到处灯光闪烁，里面的景物，千奇百怪，有些景物左看像人，右看像物，别具一格，洞内还有很多造型奇特、颜色各异的石笋和钟乳石，真让人目不暇接，整个洞内的氛围既恐怖又刺激。再往下走大家会发现一个很长的石笋，叫定海神针，这种石笋一百年才长一厘米。继续前行，我们会看到一个约有一千米长的小河流，据说这是一条黄龙洗澡的阴河。

心动了吧!心动不如行动，那大家就跟我往前走吧，更加美丽的景观还在前头……

Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mus poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,todays ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.

The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Todays ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.

Temple Square (2 minutes)

Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.

Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)

Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.

Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)

Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.

Inscriptions (1 minute)

From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtangs donation of examineesfees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.

A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)

The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.

Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confuciusancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.

Other (1 minute)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Todays Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xiean and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)

Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.

Dormitory (1 minute)

Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.

To court (1 minute 30 seconds)

The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, childrensexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixingsfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No Its often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of Chinas imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.

This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!

Dear tourists

Fuzhou has preserved quite a number of lanes that have been formed sincethe Tang and Song Dynasties, and has become one of the important symbols of afamous historical and cultural city.

The "Three Lanes" of "three lanes and Seven Alleys" refer to Yijin lane,Wenru lane and Guanglu lane. The three lanes are located on the west side ofnanhou street, which is connected with the "Seven Lanes" on the east side.

Yijinfang, formerly known as tongchaoxiang. Lu Yun and Lu Zao lived here inthe Xuanhe period of Song Dynasty (1119-1125). Their talent was given away andthey were famous for a time. Lu Yun was the magistrate of Fuzhou and Lu Zao wasthe magistrate of Quanzhou. When they returned to their hometown, they orderedthis square to be "Dijin square". During the reign of Chunxi in the SouthernSong Dynasty (1174-1189), Wang Yang was appointed to Jiangdong for punishment.After retirement, he also lived here and renamed Dijin Yijin to show hisintention of returning home.

Wenrufang, formerly known as shanyinxiang, was originally known asrulinfang, where Zheng mu, a song dynasty wine worshiper, lived. In addition toZheng mu, there are also nine generals, Gan Guobao, the commander of Chinese Taiwan,Zhang Jing, the famous general of Anti Japanese War and the manager of sevenprovinces, Chen Chengqiu, the father of Chen Baochen, the teacher of EmperorGuangxu of Qing Dynasty, Chen Yan, the editor in chief of Fujian Tongzhi, andother famous scholars living in the workshop.

Guanglu square, Cheng SHIMENG, who was the magistrate of Fuzhou in thefirst year of Xining (1068) of the Northern Song Dynasty, often visited theBuddhist temple in the square. When he saw a big rock beside the pool, heclimbed the stone to recite poems, so it was called "Guanglu Yintai", and thesquare was also renamed Guanglu square. The stone carvings of "Guanglu Yintai"inscribed by Cheng SHIMENG still exist today.

The Seven Lanes in the "three lanes and Seven Lanes" are all located in theeast of nanhou street. From north to south, they are Yangqiao lane, Langguanlane, Ta lane, Huang Lane, Anmin lane, Gong lane and Jibi lane.

我来自安徽省黄山市歙县，那儿是个特别有古文化的一个县，因为那儿有座古城，叫“徽州古城”，在那儿我感受到了古人的文化和智慧，还有我们歙县人的保护古文物的坚持力。

然而，在那儿的民风习俗，更是让人感到亲切，整个中国，每个省、市、镇，甚至是村，虽然都是过年，但每个都有每个的过法，在这儿我就来说说我们安徽是怎样过年的吧!

由于我去老家时，已经是快三十夜了，过了大年十一就回千岛湖了，我懂得大概也就是这段时间我们要干什么，所以只能讲这段时间啦……

这个腊八那天，是了解到的。在腊八那天，许多人都出嫁了，俗话说：“腊七腊八日子好，多少大姑改大嫂。”所以小孩子们追着婚车跑，为的就是得到一包喜糖。

在小年夜那天，家家摆着几张桌子，迎接四面八方来的客人，大家下午娱乐，直到三四点就开始吃晚饭了，当晚，是由小孩来放烟花的。

假如在那儿的乡村里迷了路，需要帮助时，我们可不能这样称呼人家：“喂”、“哎”，必须先喊：“同志”、“朋友”、“老人家”，看见人家抱着孩子，要夸孩子：“胖”、“壮”，可不能说：“肥”、“重”。这是我们那儿的讳忌。

大年初一，是我们那个村里最热闹的一天了，因为家家都起得很早，为的是去看表演，在村里的小广场里，那里聚满了人，愿意演出节目可以自愿上去演，不管差不差，好不好，都是有奖品的。

我懂得就是这些了，希望大家能去安徽玩玩!

延边朝鲜族自治州是中国吉林省的边疆近海地区,又名延吉朝鲜族自治州。下辖延边、珲春、图们、龙井、和龙、敦化6市和安图、汪清两县、总机积42700平方公里，人口220万。

延边自然资源丰富，已探明的金属矿藏有40多种，还有1460多种野生经济植物和250多川野生经济动物，森林覆盖率78.2%，是中国重要的木材生产基地。延边着力发展林木、医药、食品、能源、外贸、旅游等骨干产业，已形成独具特色的经济发展格局。

延边的旅游资源丰富。北有山清水碧、清幽多姿的镜泊湖，南有色彩神秘、气势雄伟的长白山，东有中俄朝三国交界的防川岛，不仅可以领略“昼看三国界，夜闻异国情”的边寨风貌，一路上还可以浏览那起伏的长白山脉、浩瀚的原始森林和奔腾的图们江水。延边是中国朝鲜族聚居的中心，保留着许多传统的朝鲜族民俗风情和民俗文化，具有独特的异域风光。中俄、中朝边境跨国游的开通更吸引了众多的国内外游客。目前延边开通的主要旅游线路有：长白山夏季和冬季自然风光游，镜泊湖风景游，中俄、中朝边境跨国游，朝鲜族民俗风情游。

以石头城为中心，清凉山、石头城等古迹名胜，与山、水、城、林交融一体，形成虎踞壮观、古朴自然、幽雅寂静的景观特色。

莫愁湖公园位于水西门外，相传湖滨曾居住过少女莫愁而名。历史上有关莫愁女的传说流传很广，说法不一。后为明初中山王徐达的私家花园。园内有胜棋楼、郁金堂、湖心亭、赏荷厅等景点。荷风芦雪，揽胜四时，被称为“金陵第一名胜”和“南京第一名湖”，在清代金陵四十八景中得“莫愁烟雨”的美誉。

清凉山位于城西汉中门内，石城虎踞即指今清凉山。园内古木参天，山势险要，古迹甚多，主要名胜有清凉寺、扫叶楼、崇正书院、驻马坡等。

乌龙潭公园位于清凉山东，以湖光山色为胜，清幽典雅，花木扶疏，历史上曾享有“城西之冠”的盛誉。环潭景点布局精巧合理，建筑典雅工致。

中华织锦村位于江东门，展示了中国各民族的织锦技艺，除收藏有不同民族、不同时代的织机和织锦实物外，还现场向游客表演织锦的生产过程和工艺。游人至此，可以了解中国织锦工艺的历史和技艺，购买各种精美名贵的织锦工艺品。

4、大江风貌区

本景区借万里长江奔腾之势，以山秀、洞幽、江深、矶奇为特色，沿江三十里散布着燕

子矶等众多的名胜。建成于1968年，是一座由我国自己设计建造的双层双线公路、铁路两用桥。铁路桥全长6772米，宽14米，公路桥全长4589米，宽19.5米。正桥的路栏上，镶嵌着200幅浮雕，正桥两端建有4座高70米的桥头堡。南北两岸的公路引桥由富有民族特色的双孔双曲拱桥组成。大桥建成后，天堑变通途，“天堑飞虹”遂成为金陵新四十景之一。

燕子矶位于城北观音门外东北直渎山。因石峰突兀临江，三面悬绝，远眺此处，形若燕子展翅，凌空欲飞，故名燕子矶。燕子矶总扼大江，地势险要，矶下浪涛轰鸣，潮涌壮观，自古以来是过江的重要渡口，也是军事要地。明代以后，燕子矶成为文人墨客登临抒怀的游览胜地。矶顶有御碑亭，登上矶头，遥望江北，江天一色。入夜，燕子矶上明月如水，碎银满江，“燕子夕照”亦为金陵美景之一。

5、栖霞风景区

位于南京东北郊，区内主要景点有：栖霞山、栖霞寺、舍利塔、千佛岩、南朝陵墓群及石刻。

栖霞寺位于栖霞山中峰西麓，始建于南齐永明七年(489年)，至今已有1500年历史，南朝时成为江南三论宗的祖庭。与山东长清的灵岩寺、湖北荆山的玉泉寺、浙江天台的国清寺齐名，并称“天下四大丛林”。现寺院为清光绪三十四年(1908年)重建，是南京地区最大的佛寺。寺内有鉴真大师纪念堂、国内著名的藏经楼。藏经楼南侧有建筑精美、风格独特的舍利塔及名闻中外的石窟——千佛岩。中国佛学院栖霞寺分院即设在寺内，是江苏地区的佛教中心。

南朝石刻南京周围保存着丰富的六朝文物古迹，在市区东北郊太平门外甘家巷、太平村一带就有30多处南朝帝王陵墓石刻。石刻可分为帝王陵和王公贵族墓两类，帝王陵前的石兽是天禄、麒麟，王公贵族墓前的石兽是辟邪。南朝陵墓石刻已历经1500多年的沧桑，至今仍较完好，尤其是那些石兽，昂首挺胸，飞跃灵动，惹人喜爱。

6、南郊风景区

包括雨花台、菊花台、牛首山、祖堂山等景点。这里风景优美，历史遗迹众多。六朝时期，这一带寺庙林立，其中以大报恩寺、天界寺最为著名，原大报恩寺佛塔是中世纪世界七大奇观之一。南郊还是历代墓葬的集中地，在地下蕴藏了大量的极其珍贵的历史文物。

渤泥国王墓在南郊的乌龟山南麓。渤泥国，即今文莱国，明永乐六年(1408年)八月，渤泥国王麻那惹加那乃亲率妻儿及王室成员来北京，朝见明皇，受到明成祖的热烈欢迎。但因水土不服，客死他乡。临终留下遗嘱：“体魄托葬中华”。明成祖十分悲痛，以王侯的礼仪安葬了这位异邦君主。

江南最大的地下宫殿——南唐二陵位于祖堂山的西南麓，即南唐先主李?与中主李瞡的陵墓，李?墓称钦陵，李瞡墓称顺陵。钦陵规模较大，有前、中、后三间主室，十间侧室，前、中室为砖结构，后室为石结构。中室墓壁上绘有鲜艳的彩画，图案有牡丹、莲花、宝相、海石榴、云气纹等。据专家考证，这是国内现存最早的附属在柱枋部分的彩画遗迹，在建筑史和艺术史上都具有极高的价值。顺陵位于钦陵西侧，结构与钦陵相近，但规模较小。

大家好，我是你们的导游王导，你们叫我小王就可以了。欢迎大家来到五岳之首的东岳泰山。

说起泰山，大家肯定会想起旭日东升和云海玉盘。泰山美，最美在日出，今天就请大家跟我一起来欣赏日出美景。

泰山日出是壮观而动人心弦的。随着旭日发出的第一缕曙光撕破黎明前的黑暗，大家就可以看到东方天暮由漆黑而逐渐转为鱼肚白、红色，直至耀眼的金黄，喷射出万道霞光。最后，一轮火球才慢慢浮出来。

大家往那里看，那就是泰山的云雾。泰山的云雾可谓呼风唤雨，变换无穷：有时白云滚滚，如浪似雪;有时乌云翻腾，形同翻江倒海。大家如果站在山顶，俯视下界，可见片片白云与滚滚乌云融为一体，汇成滔滔奔流的“云海”，妙趣横生。

大家往这边走，就到了华夏名山第一庙——岱庙。这里建于秦汉时期，宋朝时扩修，是历代帝王的泰山行宫。皇帝在上泰山之前要在岱庙内进行祭殿，然后登山。

走进岱庙，走过遥参亭，就来到岱庙的主体建筑——天贶殿。天贶殿建于宋朝，长48。7米，宽19。73米，高22。3米。天贶殿与北京的故宫，曲阜的太成殿，合成为“中国古代三大宫殿”。

好了，泰山就先介绍到这里，下面是大这的自由活动时间，大家可以拍照留念。一小时后我们在山下预定的地点见，请大家注意安全，再见!

束河，一个间隔丽江古城仅仅有七公里的古城。她是曾经的茶马古道重镇，汗青乃至比丽江还要长远。风光胜景束河古镇依山傍水，民居房舍犬牙交织，面对故乡阡陌;北瞰玉龙，东南瞻象山、文笔，四时风物幻化，尤其村头两处根源，个中一潭水，称为"九鼎龙潭"，又称"龙泉"。潭周绿柳垂地，翠柏指天，泉水清亮，游鱼可数。从潭中溢出的流水蜿蜒于村中道旁，远近汩汩有声，润泽陌头巷尾，清洌甘爽，涌流一直，使黎民沾恩无限。

汗青上以"束河八景"而闻名，它们是"烟柳平桥、夜市萤火、断碑敲音、西山红叶、鱼水亲人、龙门望月、雪山反照、石莲夜读"。九鼎龙潭边有清代构筑"三圣宫"，绿树掩映、花木扶疏、飞檐翘角，登临其上，令民气旷神怡。青龙桥畔，河水哗闹，烟柳拂波，更有古朴民居，粉墙青瓦，坎坷错落，依山而筑，临水而居，一派"小桥流水"情调。最佳旅游时刻束河茶马古道地处云南丽江，丽江的大部门地域冬暖夏凉。年均匀气温在12.6℃～19.8℃，最热月的均匀气温为18.1℃～25.7℃，最冷月均匀气温为4℃～11.7℃，四序皆宜旅游。

汗青文化束河茶马古道汗青：公元680年，吐蕃南征，在丽江设立"神川都督府"，茶马古道由此起始：唐明皇禁茶入藏，促成滇茶进藏;宋王朝的军事必要，刺激"茶马互市的繁荣";于是，从元、明以来到近代，茶马古道成为滇、藏、川之间经济文化交换的纽带。茶马古道起于滇南，颠末大理、丽江、迪庆、拉萨，止于印度，贯串中国西部人文风情和天然风物最具魅力的"三江并流"和"香格里拉"区域，分外引人存眷。

贵阳古城有"九门四阁"，这文昌阁就是老东门上的一阁。随着社会的发展，古城垣一段段被高楼大厦吞没，惟有这一段城墙，保留着古老的记忆。文昌阁不但是贵阳的，而且是中国的，是中国古建筑的瑰宝。顾名思义，文昌阁供奉的是文昌君，也就是天上的魁星。像这样的宫观阁楼，在贵阳，在贵州，在其他各地都很平常，但贵阳文昌阁却是"平中见奇"，在建筑结构上独具匠心，颇有"点石成金"的奇妙之处。

文昌阁已有400多年的历史了，它始建于明朝万历二十四年(1596)，虽然几经磨难，几次重修，但基本框架始终未改，不失它的原貌。据史书记载，在清代嘉庆年间，贵阳发生了一次较强烈的地震，不少房屋被毁，就连构筑坚固的城墙也在地震中崩塌。文昌阁经受了严峻的考验，仅仅是"阁顶挫斜"，晃动了几下，依然安稳地立在城垣上。人们开始注意文昌阁，探寻它"大难不毁"的奥秘。

文昌阁从外观看以乎看不出什么新奇之处，无非是一座三层三檐的阁楼。再仔细一看，它的底层呈正方形，而第二层和第三层却变成了9个角。把圆周分为9等份倒也不是什么困难的事。可是，这9个角的度数是不等同的，前面3个角的角度仅为30度，其余6个角均为45度。这9角是怎样划分的呢?原来，它是将圆周先作4等分，然后将正面的这一段弧平分3段，又将其余3段弧一分为二，这样便成了不等边九角形。古建筑学专家告诉我们，这种不等边九角攒尖顶阁楼，在国内堪称一绝，不知是鲁班的哪位高足得了莫传才修建成的。

文昌阁高耸在古城墙上，背后是一带远山，栖雷岭巍峨、苍翠。正是："浓翠万重当槛出，清光一片抱城来。"文昌阁侧的古城墙下，最近新辟了一片绿地，为贵阳城增添了几分春色，是人们休息、乘凉的好地方。

贵阳文昌阁景区导游词4

贵阳文昌阁，地处老东门附近，是一座以文昌阁楼为主体的木质结构的古建筑群。古朴浑厚，典雅端庄。主体建筑文昌阁楼，造型别致，结构奇特，国内仅见。颇具艺术和科研价值，深受建筑专家的注目，受到中外游客的称赞。是贵州省第一批文物保护单位。

文昌阁楼，坐东向西，楼体高20余米，通面阔11.47米，进深11.58米，为三层三檐不等边的九角攒尖顶。两侧配有重檐悬山顶的厢房，阁楼对面有月台、水池、倒座、花台，组成封闭式的四合院，布局缜密，颇壮观瞻。阁楼底层为正方形四角，二三层为九边九角，东、南、北三面等边，各方均为二，唯正面(西面)等分为三，组成不等边九角形。除底层外，二、三层均出飞檐，梁架结构独特，第三层的全柱和第二层的重檐金柱，均不穿过各层楼板，第二层九根檐柱，仅有四根是一层的重檐全柱，平面布局为一平方形，其余五根檐柱分别立于底层的顺梁上。顶部雷公柱空悬，由九根角梁共撑，以第三层的金柱和檐柱为支点，承托宝顶。整个用料为榫卯，没有使用一根铁钉。‘如此枋梁承桃，逐渐收缩的回旋处理，既分散承重支点，增强阁楼的稳固性，具有防震效果，又扩大了各层的空间和使用面积。

另外，阁楼柱架用材数都是“九”或是“九”的倍数。尾顶九角，樓楞木二、三层各用九根。梁八十一根，柱五十四根，均是九的倍数。这不是偶然巧合，而是匠心巧运。因为在封建社会，“九”表示最高权力，最高等级的象征。看来，这幢建筑还含有浓厚的政治色彩。

The jiuhua mountain in the territory of the county in the south of anhui,is one of the four famous buddhist mountains in China. Astronomers liu yuxi intang dynasty, after the jiuhua mountain, the admiration, think long and famousall cant contend with the jiuhua mountain. Li Baiceng jiuhua mountain on three.The characteristics of the jiuhua mountain is the mountain show, the buddhisttemple many.

In the early years of the eastern (401), has built the temple hill, thenbuild, expansion, the formation of "three mile a small temple, the five to atemple," temple throughout the whole, is said to be thriving period up to morethan 300, one thousand monks four or five. Now intact 五六十座 are temples.

Jiuhua, first of all to jiu hua street, here more than 600 meters above sealevel, is the center of jiuhua mountain, temples are mainly concentrated inhere, therefore is called "lotus buddhist". Here is actually a mountain villagesand towns, in addition to the temple, there are shops, schools, hotels,farmhouse, visitors can stay here, and as a starting point, to visit the sightsof the mountain. Jiu hua in the street of the city temple, ancient temples,jiuhua mountain is the oldest of jin dynasty is Lord also of the jiuhua mountaintemple, the temple of the building layout according to the mountain, reflect thesuperb architectural art. Temple has a higher consisting, weighing about 20__pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use the hammer impact, dignifiedrealisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, often make the person has thefeeling of extraordinary to take off the vulgar. "The city production" becameone of the ten views "of" nine China.

From jiu hua street walk far east, there is a palace built on the cliff, isthe famous "hundreds of years old palace". Saying is its plaques "qincentenarians palace, participated in ten thousand the temple" ten gold. It issaid that in the Ming wanli years, monk, too, was a 26-year-old arrived injiuhua mountain, in a solitary penance for 100 years in the cave. Three yearsafter the death, people found his body in the cave. The mountain monk thinks heis the living Buddha reincarnation, hence the body with gold. After the Mingemperor chongzhen know seal him as "bodhisattva" should be. So consecrate hissmall temple incense, temple extension, become one of the four big jungle jiuhuamountain. Visitors can see it in the flesh temple temple wearing mitral, wearinghis red robes, seated on a lotus of the monks gold body.

Jiu hua scene in tiantai. Tiantai peak is the jiuhua mountain, 1300 metersabove sea level. "Tiantai, the not equal to didnt come". From the rooftop injiu hua street, about 15 li mountain, after a lot of scenic spots along the way.When you are panting, reached the tiantai is top, the view, will give you abroad-minded, fatigue elimination. To look around the mountains prostrate, jiuhua street, is the size of a slap. Atop the, heaven and earth one integratedmass, the Yangtze river such as faintly visible. Cool wind sent the pines,bamboo is raging, intoxicating. The surrounding rock, strange, takes the tans.There is a "the human" three characters carved on stone. At this moment, reallymake the person were in penglai fairyland feeling. See the sunrise on the roof,it is said that the magnificent scenery as RiGuanFeng on mount tai see thesunrise. So "tiantai xiao day" is listed as one of the ten views "9".

大家好!我叫荣，下面我们要去的是九寨沟。

九寨沟到啦，现在去看五彩池，五彩池里一共有五种颜色，所以才叫五彩池，里面有：黄、绿、蓝、青、紫这五种颜色。因为下面有五色的石头，所以池水才是五色的。

现往前走，可以看见有一个古老的大水车，这个水车是利用水力来转动的，大水车有两个作用，一个是浇田，一个是磨面。

然后去看熊猫湖，熊猫湖的水清得一下可以看到底，熊猫湖旁有一片竹林，那里是熊猫生活的地方，熊猫就在这湖里饮水，所以这片湖才得名为熊猫湖。

看完熊猫湖就来到啦树正群海，树正群海大小海子19个，逶迤相衔长达5公里，高差100余米，构成梯状湖群。这里海水湛蓝，色泽鲜艳，状观。整个群海，层中套蓝的色彩，童话般的天真自然。

现在我们去看闻名的珍珠滩 瀑布。珍珠滩瀑布宽200米，落差最大可达40米，气势非凡，雄伟壮观。瀑布冲进谷底，吼声如雷。《西游记》中有一段是在这里拍的。

好啦，我们就看到这里，希望下次再来游赏。

天童寺位于宁波市鄞州区东乡太白山麓，号称“东南佛国”，为我国“五大丛林”之一。天童禅寺自义兴祖师开山以来，经历代相承，终于成为巍巍卓立。雄尊秀蔚，千楹万础，规模宏大的禅宗十方丛林。 天童禅寺现存的规模，基本上保持明季的格局。整个建筑群体布局严谨，结构精致，主次分明，疏密得体。

雄伟高大的天王殿、佛殿、法堂、藏经楼、罗汉堂等主体殿堂，依次座落在倚山势而建的广阔台基上，一殿高于一殿逐级高升，气势磅礴。各殿堂均按我国古代传统建筑形式，重檐叠阁，画栋雕梁，庄严而古朴，成为古刹的“中轴线”。

东西两旁有新新堂、伽蓝殿、云水堂、自得齐、立雪轩和客堂、祖师殿、应供堂、静观堂、面壁居等十几个僧房客寮对称分布。与主体殿堂互相呼应，互为衬托。所有殿堂楼阁均以长廊连接，只有一进入寺门，晴天不晒太阳，雨于不走湿路，便可到达寺内任何一处，可见建造者的独具匠心。