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南京旅游概况导游词精选范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 1951 字

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一路游来,江南的美景游了不少,美食也品了不少,美女呢,也见过不少。大家开心我也开心。不过肯定还有不少的遗憾,江南的美景太多了,不可能在这短短的几天就全部看到,我所能做的就是带大家欣赏更多的美景,多了解这里的风土人情文物特产。也许有的人还有机会再来,也许有的人可能再没有机会来了,一路上大家对我的工作都很支持,我很感谢,让我们一起抛开遗憾,收藏美丽!

快到南京了,说起南京带给我的感受,可谓爱恨交加。为什么呢?

听我慢慢道来。在南京呆过一年半载的人,都知道,夏天像个大火炉,那个热呀,恨不得苍蝇蚊子都能中暑;冬天像个大冰窖,那个冷呀,好像睡觉也会冻翘翘。三言两语难以表达我的讨厌。

为什么会这样呢?就要说到它的地势了。听听诸葛孔明怎么说的。

在赤壁之战前,诸葛亮应孙权之约,下江南共商抗曹大计,骑着小毛驴,摇着鹅毛扇,考察建邺后(今南京),说“钟山龙蟠,石城虎踞,此乃帝王之宅也。”也就是说,在南京,东有绵延起伏的钟山,像一条盘龙;西有巍然的石头城屹立于大江之滨,像一只猛虎蹲踞着,这一切暗合古时传统的好风水:左青龙,右白虎,后人简称为“虎踞龙蟠”。大山小山整把南京围了个圈儿,只有北边缺了个口儿。造物主偏爱南京,又送给她什么?长江,对了。古人没翅膀,没大桥,没飞机,没大炮,敌人只能望江兴叹。所以嘛,封建帝王想:“南京好,美景多,美人娇,躺在里面睡大觉”。

更关键的是,南京有个凝聚了金陵王气的宝物,就是貔貅,南京的市徽。它是上古的神兽,英勇善战而且招财进宝、驱邪消灾。大家要记得带个回去哟,是个好东西。

于是乎,12个朝代在南京这个大摇篮中,上演了你方唱罢我方登场的历史剧。想当年,蒋家王朝也曾妄想据长江天险二分天下。

南京深得帝王宠爱,可总是“红颜薄命”。因为兵家必争之地,自然会血雨腥风。改朝换代就像小孩子搭积木一样,不满意,推翻再重来;牺牲的将士就像朱元璋手中捏的鸡,死了还有鸭子替代;从天子到臣子到小卒子最后到凡夫俗子的坟墓就像路上的红绿灯一样,没两步就亮起来。不好,不能讲了,要不然大家夜里睡不着找我唠磕,怎办?不好意思,少说点,就打对折,就说近几百年的吧。

明朝。葬朱元璋马皇后的明孝陵,已被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。提到朱元璋,不能不提长35.267公里的明城墙,这个数据是最新的,用美国佬的军用卫星测量出来的。当年朱元璋采纳谋士的“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王”的建议,借沈万三的聚宝盆修筑了固若金汤的城墙。如今以中华门城堡最雄伟,也是保存得最好。如果有机会,登临中华门,我们既可领略明城墙的雄伟坚固,又可以回味书上报上口头上的种种历史传说,还可以幻想种种可能的结果。当年,为了不按约定在五更鸡叫时还聚宝盆,朱元璋下令杀光全城的鸡。从此,南京没有鸡子,就吃鸭子了。南京的板盐、盐水鸭,皮白肉粉骨头绿,极具地方特色。至于其中详细故事过会一一道来。

为了江山社稷安稳,朱元璋建城墙;为了集中政权,树立朱氏子孙的威信,朱元璋比“杯酒释兵权”的赵匡胤更狠毒,造了一座功臣楼。皇上的心计只有刘伯温一人知晓,就装病告老还乡,临行前到中山王徐达府上——瞻园。忘了,这园子是朱元璋亲自在泱泱金陵挑选的宝地,建成豪华的王府作为自己当初的吴王府,后来登基作了皇帝,送给徐达的。军师悄悄说:“楼成摆庆功宴时,你要紧追皇上,寸步不离。切记切记。兄弟过此别过”。结果,除徐达外,其它功臣元老都随一声炮响而无影无踪。

清朝。南京遭到的罪孽与扬州相比较少,康熙赞朱元璋“治隆唐宋”,就是夸他功劳高过唐太宗和宋太祖。为什么?得民心者得天下。南京是明都遗都,反清复明的首领都集聚于此,清朝要国泰民安,想让鱼米之乡的江南搞好农业生产,就得收拢人心。康熙甚至拜明孝陵,乾隆六下江南也有这原因。

太平天国。清军镇压,无数军兵死于战乱。天王洪秀全本葬在荣光大殿下,后曾国荃令士兵掘墓、鞭尸、焚烧,最终真可谓灰飞烟灭。想想生前贵为万人之上的天子,死后连安身之地都没有。人生在此,在好好享受每一天的同时,再想想还有什么地方没去的,什么景点没玩的,什么好吃的没尝的,什么漂亮的没买的。短短人生几十年,少太了,我还要向苍天再借五百年,唉呀,那不成了老不死的了吗。扯远了。在当年烧成废墟的天王宫殿上建两江总督府,后又扩建为总统府。人们常说,北有故宫,南有总统府。故宫是封建文化的最高代表,体现了帝王之风;总统府是中外文化碰撞的火花,中西合璧。二者有相似之处,但也有截然不同的地方,帝王由故宫走向金銮殿,却从总统府走向坟墓。如今总统府是中国最大的近代史遗址博物馆。到南京不去总统府就等于去北京不去故宫一样,白来一趟。

南京的历史说个几天几夜也未必能够说完,先到此为止。接下来,我们即将到达行程的第一站——中山陵,这是伟大的国民革命先行者孙中山先生的长眠之地。

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篇1:南京海洋馆导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 820 字

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暑假就要结束了,妈妈决定带我去南京海底世界玩一下,虽然我已去过一次,但我依然很兴奋,因为这次有我的好朋友一起去,感觉自然不一样了.

一路颠波总算到了海底世界,进入口时遇到了一点小麻烦,我的身高正好达到买半票,而我的朋友他的身高超过了标准,要补票了。一切就序,终于可以进入五彩缤纷的海底世界了。

刚一走进海洋馆,哇!好多漂亮的鱼啊!左边、右边、头顶上到处都是,数不胜数的鱼儿在我身边游来游去,看得我眼花缭乱。它们五颜六色、奇形怪状,吸引着我:有的鼓着一个圆圆的大肚子,拖着一条又长又尖的尾巴,有的身上布满了彩色的条纹,还有的身子扁扁的,躲在珊瑚丛中,好像在捉迷藏。我们首先来到了“海底探险”,只见一个个布满怪石和热带树木的鱼池里,各式各样的海鱼在自游自在的游荡,美丽极了。看到形形色色的水母,我问妈妈为什么透明的水母不会动,而彩色的水母会动呢?妈妈说透明的水母是刚出生的,而彩色的是成年水母;看到了大大小小的海星,它们都一动不动地吸在海底遂道的玻璃钢里,为什么它们能牢牢地吸住呢,难道它们有特异功能吗?仔细瞧一瞧,你会看到海星的每一个爪子下都长满了吸盘,这就是它们的秘密。

看着看着,不时地会有一条条大鲨鱼“呼”一下从你的头顶上窜过去,鲨鱼的牙齿就像剧子口一样,极其锋利,张开嘴吧的样子好吓人!吓得我忙向妈妈身后躲。一会儿,游来了一只海龟,看上去就像上了年纪一样,不紧不慢地游着。我拍打着玻璃,真想用手去触摸它一下。

我们又来到了海豚馆观看了海豚表演,海豚先跳了一曲芭蕾舞,后又往圈子里一跳,入水了,非常了不起。最后它还做了三条10以内的加减法,结果只做对了两条,我想,可能是它故意做错了一条吧,真不愧为最聪明的海洋动物,还会故弄弦虑呢。

在海底世界玩了好长时间,发现有趣的海洋生物真的是太多了:有来自南极的企鹅、北极的北极熊、还有海狮、海狗、海马、海葵等等,有时间的话你也去看一看神奇而美丽的海底世界吧!不但让你玩得开心,而且还会让你学到很多知识呢!

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篇2:南京莫愁湖的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 731 字

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华严庵位于公园大门正北。公园大门1959年为松木结构,1964年重建,古典式,混合结构,高7.1米,宽11米,建筑面积40平方米,小瓦大屋顶,中门檐高4.5米,宽5米,两侧门檐高3.7米,宽2.8米,4门柱由石鼓支撑,门额“莫愁湖公园”5字系郭沫若先生1964年书题。

胜棋楼位于华严庵庭院北首,明洪武年问建,复建于清I司治十年(1871)。明清风格的二层楼房,青砖小瓦,建筑面积592。07平方米。在复建后之漫长岁月中,又数度遭洪水与战争损坏,至建国时已破败不堪。建国后政府即着手保护性维修。

郁金堂清乾隆五十八年(1793)复建,咸丰六年(1856)又毁,十年(1871)曾国藩再筑。郁金堂紧邻胜棋楼西山墙下,故有称郁金堂在胜棋楼下者。原郁金堂临水面北,1959年建园时改为背水面南,后沿窗下改砖砌,郁金堂共二跨六间,砖木结构,后跨为券棚式,建筑面积162.79平方米。相传南齐时卢家女莫愁居此。

苏合厢位于郁金堂正南,并以四合院相连接,建筑面积111.10平方米,砖木结构,1959年改建。四合院内墙上多石刻碑铭。

通水院水院门额由钱松喦1981年隶书“到此莫愁”。苏合厢悬挂陈祖庥1914年木刻楹联:“贤王汤沐旷代犹存莫谈桑海兴亡且安排清簟蹄篆藉一局围棋赌胜,江表风流于今未泯依旧湖山整理更收拾王代梁画栋待双栖燕子归来”。

待渡亭居光华亭西侧,1959年建,古典建筑形式,砖木结构,建筑面积38.08平方米。设渡湖心亭游船码头。附建走廊面积54.6平方米,混合结构。至老后门沿湖畔有长500米、宽2米道板路。

此外还有水榭,抱月楼,湖心亭,兰台宫,阳春亭,竹园六角亭,粤军烈士墓等著名的景点。现在各位游客朋友们可以观览莫愁湖2个小时,希望各位游客朋友们可以玩的愉快。

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篇3:南京城市概况导游词_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 5223 字

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南京城市概况导游词

南京概况导游词1

各位游客大家好!孔子曰:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”,首先请允许我代表南京中华旅行社对大家来南京旅游观光表示热烈欢迎。我姓王,是本团导游。能为大家做导游是我的荣幸,我和司机王师傅一定为大家服务,尽力满足大家的要求,帮助大家解决问题和困难,使大家乘兴而来,满意而归。希望通过我的介绍,让古老而又美丽的南京给大家留下一个难忘的印象。在此我祝大家旅途愉快!

现在我将南京向大家做一个简单的介绍。南京简称宁,位于江苏省西南部,处于长江下游黄金地带,地跨长江两岸。人杰地灵,物华天宝,南京市面积约6597平方公里,人口近800多万,下辖11个区2个郊县,是全省政治、经济、文化的中心。气候属亚热带气候,四季分明,是一处十分理想的旅游胜地。

南京历史悠久,是我国著明的四大古都之一。素有“江南佳丽地,金陵帝王州”之誉。自公元前472年越王勾践建“越城”开始,已2400多年的建城史。历史上正式建都于南京是从东吴孙权开始的,以后东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈都先后在此建都。因此南京有“六朝古都”之称。此后南唐、太平军天国、中华民国也在此建都,所以南京又有“十朝都会”之说。

在改革开放的今天,南京的经济在腾飞,南京旅游业在大力发展,南京已成为我国东部地区的综合性工业基地,支柱产业有:电子业、汽车业、石化业、钢铁业、电力业。南京正在加大城市的基础建设,提高南京外商投资的硬环境。南京又是国家级园林城市、全国优秀旅游城市、全国卫生城市等。南京有旅游景点两百多处,吸引着众多国内外的游客。南京的城市特点是集:“人文、绿都”为一体。因此,南京将成为经济发展更具活力、文化特色更加鲜明、人居环境更为优美、社会更加和谐的现代化国际性人文绿都。

南京概况导游词2

各位游客:大家好,首先我代表我们中华旅行社全体员工对大家来到我们南京光观游览表示热忱的欢迎,在这我先自我介绍一下,我姓王,大家在接下来的行程当中称呼我小王或者王导就可以了。我会本着宾客至上,服务第一的宗旨为大家尽心尽力的去做好服务工作,同时呢,也希望我的工作能够得到各位的配合与支持,从而促进我们服务质量的提高,使大家能够玩的愉快,走的顺利。

南京风景秀丽,历史悠久,美好山水正期待您的领略,秀丽风光正等待您的欣赏。愿此次的南京之旅能够成为您的度假天堂。在这里预祝各位在接下来的行程当中玩的开心,玩的顺利。称心而来,满意而归。

南京简称“宁”,地处富饶的长江三角洲,北切辽阔的江淮平原,他是江苏省的省会,全省的经济、政治,文化中心,同时也是长三角地区的中心城市之一及长江流域的中心城市之一。南京面积6598平方公里,人口近800万,气候属于北亚热带季风气候区,所以气候温和湿润,雨量充沛,四季分明。南京是三面环山,一面临水,依钟山而扼长江,山环水绕,地势险要,历来为兵家必争之地。素有“钟山龙盘,石城虎踞”之称。

南京的历史也是非常悠久,是我国著名的四大古都之一,素有“江南佳丽地,金陵帝王州”的美誉。三国时的东吴,而后的东晋、宋、齐、梁,陈都相继在此定都,所以南京被称为六朝古都。而后的南唐,明初,太平天国和中华民国又相继在此定都,所以南京也被称为十朝都会。

南京是一座古老的城市,同时又是一座崭新发展的城市。南京也是我国东部的综合型工业基地,支柱性产业有电子业、汽车业、石化业、钢铁业和电力业,南京又是国家级园林城市、全国优秀旅游城市,全国卫生城市等。南京有世界文化遗产的明孝陵,以及中山陵,夫子庙等全国5a级风景旅游区及多个4a级景区,同时还有两百多处景点,数额众多南来北往的游客到此观光游览。所以南京是一个集山、水、城、文为一体,充满经济活力,富有文化特色,人居环境优美的现代化中心城市,是一座融古都特色与现代文明为一体的滨江城市。

南京概况导游词3

南京以“博爱之都”闻名海内外,是江苏省的省会城市,全省政治、经济和文化中心。全市面积6598平方公里,常住人口为800万人,下辖11区2县。

南京位于长江下游的中心地带,主要是丘陵盆地地形,城区附近东有紫金山,西有清凉山,南有牛首山,北有栖霞山。紫金山由东向西延伸,从南京城中横穿而过,使南京城南城北形成了两条水系,南为秦淮河,北为金川河。除此之外,还有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如两颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在南京的城东和城西。山与水的交织,共同造就了地形险要,山水壮丽的南京城。

由于南京城山环水绕,自古就是兵家必争之地。公元前472年,越王勾践命范蠡最早在此建城,也就有了南京的第一个名字“越城”。从越城算起,南京的建城史已有近25XX年。古城南京具有深厚历史文化底蕴,位列我国四大古都之一,在此定都的朝代有:东吴、东晋、南朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈、以及后来的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国,故而南京又被称作“六朝古都”、“十朝都会”。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字,如:金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等,有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。南京的得名来源于明朝初年,当时的南京叫应天府,朱元璋曾经打算把都城迁到开封,将开封命名为北京,应天府称南京,后来国都虽然没有迁成,但是南京的名称却一直保留下来。

中国的近代史从南京开始,也在南京结束。1842年,清政府在南京下关的江面上与英国侵略者签订了中国近代史上第一个不平等条约——《南京条约》。1949年,中国人民解放军解放南京,标志着中国进入了社会主义的全新时代。

今日南京铁路、公路、航空、水运、管道等运输方式齐全,是华东地区重要的交通枢纽。南京禄口国际机场已开通覆盖国内45个城市以及韩国、日本、泰国、新加坡等地在内的国内外航线。南京港地处长江下游黄金水道,目前通航五大洲近50个国家和地区。近年来,南京市实施了规模空前的城市建设,南京第二长江大桥、南京第三长江大桥、玄武湖隧道、九华山隧道、赛虹桥立交桥、华东最大的双桥门五层立交等均已建成通车,大大提高了城市的交通能力,进一步优化了南京的投资环境。

南京是我省惟一跨江发展的城市,在我省沿海、沿江、沿线开放格局中处于枢纽位置,是中国东部地区重要的综合性工业基地和全国六大通讯枢纽之一。目前已形成了以“电子、石化、钢铁、汽车”四大支柱产业。

近年来,南京外向型经济成果显著,产业结构不断优化,第三产业占国内生产总值比重明显增加。金陵石化、南汽集团、熊猫电子等著名企业实力雄厚、产品畅销国内外,苏宁集团已经成长成为中国零售企业和民营企业的龙头老大,在业内具有较高的知名度。同时,南京还是全国高等教育和科研重镇,科教实力雄厚,综合实力仅次于北京、上海。教育、科技的发达,为南京城市经济的持续发展奠定了坚实的基础。

南京城市品牌众多,多次被评为全国十佳卫生城市、全国城市环境综合整治十佳城市、全国园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、环保模范城市等称号。南京的绿化水平全国闻名,森林覆盖率达到23%,森林与城市绿地在改善环境和调节气候方面起到了积极作用。南京的市树是雪松,市花为梅花。

说到咱们南京,不得不提的就是与“吃”、“喝”、“玩”、“穿”相对应的四大特产:盐水鸭、雨花茶、雨花石和云锦。盐水鸭皮薄肉嫩、口味鲜美,是受到中外游客普遍欢迎的著名特产。雨花茶是中国的十大名茶之一,茶叶条索紧直、形似松针,茶水色香味俱全。雨花石是在特定地质条件下形成的,纹理优美、象形绝伦,是文人雅士的珍爱之物。云锦是明清两代的贡品,色彩艳丽、灿若云霞,与苏州宋锦、成都蜀锦齐名。

悠久的历史孕育了南京丰富的旅游资源,东以钟山风景区为主,囊括了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺以及“水上明珠”玄武湖;西以石城风景区为看点;南以著名的秦淮风光带为主打,实乃南京城的民俗风情荟萃之所;北以沿江风景区为主,包含了长江大桥、阅江楼和静海寺等景点;这四个景区绕南京主城一周,彼此之间相互联结,由明代城墙蜿蜒贯穿其中,交错形成了名扬中外的明城墙风光带。

集山、水、城、文为一体的南京,山川形胜,虎踞龙蟠,襟江带湖,大气磅礴,城墙巍峨,经济发达,文化繁荣,林木苍翠,正以博大的胸怀迎接着八方来客。

南京概况导游词4

一路游来,江南的美景游了不少,美食也品了不少,美女呢,也见过不少。大家开心我也开心。不过肯定还有不少的遗憾,江南的美景太多了,不可能在这短短的几天就全部看到,我所能做的就是带大家欣赏更多的美景,多了解这里的风土人情文物特产。也许有的人还有机会再来,也许有的人可能再没有机会来了,一路上大家对我的工作都很支持,我很感谢,让我们一起抛开遗憾,收藏美丽!

快到南京了,说起南京带给我的感受,可谓爱恨交加。为什么呢?

听我慢慢道来。在南京呆过一年半载的人,都知道,夏天像个大火炉,那个热呀,恨不得苍蝇蚊子都能中暑;冬天像个大冰窖,那个冷呀,好像睡觉也会冻翘翘。三言两语难以表达我的讨厌。

为什么会这样呢?就要说到它的地势了。听听诸葛孔明怎么说的。

在赤壁之战前,诸葛亮应孙权之约,下江南共商抗曹大计,骑着小毛驴,摇着鹅毛扇,考察建邺后(今南京),说“钟山龙蟠,石城虎踞,此乃帝王之宅也。”也就是说,在南京,东有绵延起伏的钟山,像一条盘龙;西有巍然的石头城屹立于大江之滨,像一只猛虎蹲踞着,这一切暗合古时传统的好风水:左青龙,右白虎,后人简称为“虎踞龙蟠”。大山小山整把南京围了个圈儿,只有北边缺了个口儿。造物主偏爱南京,又送给她什么?长江,对了。古人没翅膀,没大桥,没飞机,没大炮,敌人只能望江兴叹。所以嘛,封建帝王想:“南京好,美景多,美人娇,躺在里面睡大觉”。

更关键的是,南京有个凝聚了金陵王气的宝物,就是貔貅,南京的市徽。它是上古的神兽,英勇善战而且招财进宝、驱邪消灾。大家要记得带个回去哟,是个好东西。

于是乎,12个朝代在南京这个大摇篮中,上演了你方唱罢我方登场的历史剧。想当年,蒋家王朝也曾妄想据长江天险二分天下。

南京深得帝王宠爱,可总是“红颜薄命”。因为兵家必争之地,自然会血雨腥风。改朝换代就像小孩子搭积木一样,不满意,推翻再重来;牺牲的将士就像朱元璋手中捏的鸡,死了还有鸭子替代;从天子到臣子到小卒子最后到凡夫俗子的坟墓就像路上的红绿灯一样,没两步就亮起来。不好,不能讲了,要不然大家夜里睡不着找我唠磕,怎办?不好意思,少说点,就打对折,就说近几百年的吧。

明朝。葬朱元璋马皇后的明孝陵,已被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。提到朱元璋,不能不提长35.267公里的明城墙,这个数据是最新的,用美国佬的军用卫星测量出来的。当年朱元璋采纳谋士的“高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王”的建议,借沈万三的聚宝盆修筑了固若金汤的城墙。如今以中华门城堡最雄伟,也是保存得最好。如果有机会,登临中华门,我们既可领略明城墙的雄伟坚固,又可以回味书上报上口头上的种种历史传说,还可以幻想种种可能的结果。当年,为了不按约定在五更鸡叫时还聚宝盆,朱元璋下令杀光全城的鸡。从此,南京没有鸡子,就吃鸭子了。南京的板盐、盐水鸭,皮白肉粉骨头绿,极具地方特色。至于其中详细故事过会一一道来。

为了江山社稷安稳,朱元璋建城墙;为了集中政权,树立朱氏子孙的威信,朱元璋比“杯酒释兵权”的赵匡胤更狠毒,造了一座功臣楼。皇上的心计只有刘伯温一人知晓,就装病告老还乡,临行前到中山王徐达府上——瞻园。忘了,这园子是朱元璋亲自在泱泱金陵挑选的宝地,建成豪华的王府作为自己当初的吴王府,后来登基作了皇帝,送给徐达的。军师悄悄说:“楼成摆庆功宴时,你要紧追皇上,寸步不离。切记切记。兄弟过此别过”。结果,除徐达外,其它功臣元老都随一声炮响而无影无踪。

清朝。南京遭到的罪孽与扬州相比较少,康熙赞朱元璋“治隆唐宋”,就是夸他功劳高过唐太宗和宋太祖。为什么?得民心者得天下。南京是明都遗都,反清复明的首领都集聚于此,清朝要国泰民安,想让鱼米之乡的江南搞好农业生产,就得收拢人心。康熙甚至拜明孝陵,乾隆六下江南也有这原因。

太平天国。清军镇压,无数军兵死于战乱。天王洪秀全本葬在荣光大殿下,后曾国荃令士兵掘墓、鞭尸、焚烧,最终真可谓灰飞烟灭。想想生前贵为万人之上的天子,死后连安身之地都没有。人生在此,在好好享受每一天的同时,再想想还有什么地方没去的,什么景点没玩的,什么好吃的没尝的,什么漂亮的没买的。短短人生几十年,少太了,我还要向苍天再借五百年,唉呀,那不成了老不死的了吗。扯远了。在当年烧成废墟的天王宫殿上建两江总督府,后又扩建为总统府。人们常说,北有故宫,南有总统府。故宫是封建文化的最高代表,体现了帝王之风;总统府是中外文化碰撞的火花,中西合璧。二者有相似之处,但也有截然不同的地方,帝王由故宫走向金銮殿,却从总统府走向坟墓。如今总统府是中国最大的近代史遗址博物馆。到南京不去总统府就等于去北京不去故宫一样,白来一趟。

南京的历史说个几天几夜也未必能够说完,先到此为止。接下来,我们即将到达行程的第一站——中山陵,这是伟大的国民革命先行者孙中山先生的长眠之地。

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篇4:2024年江苏南京夫子庙的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 7088 字

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Situé au sud de Nanjing Healthy Road, il se réfère principalement à troisgrands groupes de b?timents, à savoir le temple Confucius, le Palais desétudiants et la Cour dhommage. Cependant, les rues autour de ces trois grandsgroupes de b?timents sont généralement appelées Temple Confucius.? lest dePingjiangfu Road et à louest de Zhanyuan Road, il y a plus de 300 magasins, 2thé?tres et de nombreux h?tels et terrains de jeux, et il y a une ruecommerciale souterraine denviron 10 000 mètres carrés.On peut dire que letemple Confucius est un centre de services multifonctionnel qui intègre letourisme, la culture, les affaires, la restauration, les divertissements,etc.Pendant les vacances et les vacances, le nombre de personnes a dépassé 150000, ce qui a été plus grand que jamais pendant la Fête de la lanterneJinling.Dans la troisième année de xiankang dans la dynastie Jin orientale(337), le Premier Ministre Wang Dao a construit un palais détudes sur la rivenord de la rivière Qinhuai, qui était le premier b?timent du templeConfucius.

Dans la première année de la dynastie Song Ming Dao (1032), Song Renzong aconstruit le temple Confucius et le temple mifuzi devant le Palais delécole.Après la guerre, plusieurs destructions, plusieurs reconstructions.Leb?timent actuel a été reconstruit en 1984.Il a recréé le paysage du marché deJiangnan dans les dynasties Ming et Qing, une école dantiquités.Le templeConfucius est le lieu de culte de Confucius, couvrant une superficie de 26300mètres carrés.Zhao Bi est situé sur la rive sud de la rivière Qinhuai, avec unehauteur de 10 mètres et une longueur de 110 mètres. Son sommet est recouvert depetits carreaux cylindriques verts et ses quatre coins sont légèrement inclinés.Sa longueur est la plus longue de Zhao Bi en Chine.

Sur la rive de Hebei, il y a une piscine en forme de lune courbée et unerangée de stalles sculptées de la dynastie Ming.? lest de la cl?ture en pierrese trouve le pavillon kuiken avec trois étages et six coins volants. Au nord setrouve latelier Wenshu avec quatre colonnes et trois portes. Au milieu, il y aquatre caractères dor gravés "Tianxia Wenshu". à lOuest se trouve le pavillonjuxing avec des coins volants de crête sculptée avec des avant - toits lourds.Devant la porte Dacheng, il y a la porte qiaoxing avec six colonnes et troisportes en pierre.Tous les b?timents ici portent le mot "étoile", ce qui signifieque les étoiles littéraires et musicales du monde entier sont rassemblées ici.Laporte Dacheng est un ancien b?timent en forme de godet à poutres, avec une crêtede dragon inclinée. Les trois portes se tiennent c?te à c?te. Il y a 45 clous deporte et des anneaux de tête sur chaque porte.? lintérieur de la porte setrouvent quatre stèles en pierre des dynasties nanqi, yuan et Song, et desgaleries relient la salle Dacheng des deux c?tés de la cour intérieure.DachengHall est le b?timent principal du temple Confucius. Il mesure 16,2 mètres dehaut, 27,3 mètres de large et 20,9 mètres de profondeur. Il a sept cornicheslourdes, quatre pentes et cinq crêtes. La sculpture verticale de deux dragonsjouant avec des perles sur la crête principale est la première en Chine. Enoutre, il ya 56 pierres géantes dans toute la salle. Il est magnifique.Devant letemple se trouve la statue en bronze de Confucius, qui mesure 4,18 mètres dehaut et est la Couronne du pays.? lextérieur des murs des deux c?tés de lEstet de lOuest se trouvent les marchés de lEst et de lOuest qui sontsoigneusement planifiés et con?us selon le style des dynasties Ming et Qing,principalement pour lexploitation de jade antique, quatre trésors de la salledétude, calligraphie et peinture célèbres et souvenirs touristiques.Situé àlarrière de la salle Dacheng, le Palais de lécole se compose dun groupe deb?timents tels que la salle Mingde, le pavillon zunjing, le temple chongsheng etla tour Qingyun. Cest la plus haute école de lancienne capitale de l?tat. Lasalle Mingde est la salle principale du Palais de lécole et est maintenantouverte comme terrain de jeu.

Tournez à gauche de wenshufang à lest pour voir un b?timent en bois carréde trois étages avec des avant - toits vo?tés - b?timent Ming Yuan.Cest leb?timent central de lancien palais dhonneur de Jiangnan. Cest lendroit poursurveiller les candidats et donner des ordres pendant lexamen.Sur les deuxc?tés de la Cour derrière le b?timent se trouve la salle dexamen impérialimitant les dynasties Ming et Qing. La salle dexamen impérial mesure environ1,5m de long et na que deux planches en bois, la table supérieure et letabouret inférieur.Quelques jours après lexamen, les candidats mangent, boiventet dorment tous dans cet espace étroit, la nourriture quils apportent doit êtrevérifiée, même le pain cuit à la vapeur doit être ouvert pour éviter latricherie.? son apogée, lAcadémie dhommage du Sud de la rivière Yangtzecouvrait une superficie de plus de 70 000 mètres carrés, avec 20 644 maisons, laplus grande échelle de lAcadémie dhommage du pays.Le b?timent Ming Yuan estmaintenant connu sous le nom de ? site de la Cour dhommage du Sud de la rivièreYangtze ?, qui est une unit é provinciale de protection des reliquesculturelles.Dans lhistoire, le temple Confucius était autrefois une villeanimée, en particulier dans les dynasties Ming et Qing, où des dizaines demilliers dexaminateurs (jusquà 20 000 personnes) se réunissaient à chaque foisque lécole était ouverte. Ainsi, des librairies, des maisons de thé et desauberges ont vu le jour, et les maisons de prostitution des tavernes se sontmultipliées et se sont répandues.? cette époque, certaines rues et ruelles de larive sud de la rivière Qinhuai étaient des ? villages doux ? et des ? Grottesdor ? pour les enfants des familles riches.Il y avait aussi beaucoup deprostituées célèbres, comme Li xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan et ainsi de suite,appelées "huit Yan Qinhuai".Aujourdhui, au 38 chaoku Street, la tour meixiang aété reconstruite et ouverte aux visiteurs en tant quancienne résidence de Lixiangjun.

Wu Jingzi, un écrivain célèbre de la dynastie Qing, a vécu sur les rives dela rivière Qinhuai pendant 19 ans et a écrit un chef - d?uvre célèbre,lhistoire extérieure du confucianisme, qui a attaqué le système dexamenimpérial.Sur le site du pavillon de leau de Qinhuai, son ancienne résidence, ily a maintenant un b?timent de style salle de la rivière dans les dynasties Minget Qing.? lintérieur, il y a une salle de collecte dair, un mariage antique etdautres activités folkloriques.En visitant le temple Confucius, vous pouvezégalement déguster des collations de saveur Qinhuai en passant. Actuellement,plus de 100 variétés de collations traditionnelles ont été découvertes, plus KFCet McDonalds, ce qui permet aux visiteurs de profiter de la nourriture.JinlingLight Club est plus célèbre de loin et de près. Il sappelle la lampe dudouzième mois lunaire et la lampe du dix - huitième mois lunaire. En fait,depuis le début de lannée, les gens qui achètent, vendent et regardent la lampesont comme la marée. Il ya des dizaines de types de lampes de différentescouleurs qui rendent les gens confus et éblouissants.

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篇5:南京莫愁湖的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1571 字

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各位游客朋友们,现在我们位于莫愁湖,莫愁湖是一座有着1500年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园,为六朝胜迹,自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致,堤岸垂柳,海棠相间,湖水荡漾,碧波照人。胜棋楼、郁金堂、赏河厅、水榭、抱月楼、光华亭、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中,一派“欲将西子莫愁比,难向烟波判是非。莫愁湖公园是一座有着1500年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园,为六朝胜迹。公园现有面积为58.36公顷,其中水面为32.36公顷。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致,堤岸垂柳,水中海棠。胜棋楼、郁金堂、水榭、抱月楼、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中。莫愁湖自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。

莫愁湖,六朝时称横塘。全园面积54公顷,湖面约33.3公顷。在宋、元时即有盛名,明朝定都南京后更盛极一时。清乾隆年间,在园内建郁金堂,筑湖心亭,遂成“金陵第一名湖”。莫愁湖内湖面宽阔,盛产莲藕,莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。远在明清,莫愁湖就栽植了大量莲花,每逢炎夏,莲花盛开,翠盖红花,香风阵阵,恍若绝代的凌波仙子,出淤泥而不染。

莫愁湖名字由来的故事:莫愁是河南洛阳人,幼年丧母,与父亲相依为命。她文静,聪明好学,采桑、养蚕、纺织、刺绣样样拿的起来。邻居家的小孩念书,她听着记着,不但识的些字,连诗文也能吟咏几句,莫愁还和父亲学了一手采药治病的本领。十五岁那年,父亲在采药途中不幸坠崖身亡,莫愁因家境贫寒,只得卖身葬父。当时卢员外在洛阳做生意,见莫愁纯朴美丽,很同情她,便帮助莫愁料理了爹爹后事,带她来到建康,从此,莫愁嫁进卢家,成了员外的儿媳。莫愁婚后和丈夫恩恩爱爱,第二年生下了一个白白胖胖的儿子,取名阿候。虽然生活富裕,可莫愁时常想念家乡,怀念父亲,只有帮助穷人治病时才感觉快慰露出笑容。穷人们时常说:我们有了病啊痛啊的,见了莫愁,就什么忧愁也没啦!长此以往,莫愁女的名字就传开了。一日,梁武帝闻报水西门外卢家庄园牡丹花开,便着便服来员外家赏花,只见牡丹花交错如锦,夺目如霞,梁武帝惊得如痴如醉,遂问员外:此花何人所栽?卢员外跪答:此乃儿媳莫愁所栽。梁武帝不禁怦然心动,当即令传莫愁见驾。梁武帝见到莫愁如花容貌,不由神魂颠倒。回宫后,寝食难安,终于想出毒计,害死了卢公子,传旨选莫愁进宫为妃。莫愁得知,悲愤交加,决心宁为玉碎,不为瓦全,投石城湖而死。四周乡邻得知,纷纷来到湖边痛苦拜祭,怎么也不肯相信这么好的女子会投湖自尽。有人传说深夜听到莫愁的哭泣声,也有人说看到天上落下一只小船,载着莫愁悠悠而去……人们深深怀念她,为了纪念她,将石城湖改名为莫愁湖。梁武帝闻讯,自感惭愧,于是写下了《河中水之歌》:河中之水向东流,洛阳女儿名莫愁。莫愁十三能织绮,十四采桑南陌头,十五嫁为卢家妇,十六生子字阿候。卢家兰室桂为梁,中有郁金苏合香,头上金钗十二行,足下丝履五文章,珊瑚挂镜烂生光,平头奴子擎履箱。人生富贵何所望,恨不早嫁东家王。在她的故居郁金堂侧赏荷厅的莲花池内,塑起了一尊二米高的汉白玉塑像,为南京标志性景点之一。

莫愁湖内湖面宽阔,盛产莲藕,莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。莫愁湖公园里有大量海棠树,每年春季,海棠花便会盛开,有红的、有白的、有粉的......因此莫愁湖公园每年也会举行一年一度的海棠花会。

__年五一起莫愁湖公园从日本引进的大批鸢尾花卉在鸢尾专类园于游客见面。鸢尾专类园坐落在院内北圩水榭周边。是国内首家品种最多、栽植规模最大的菖蒲专类园。该园占地15亩,园中菖蒲遍植,以道路为界划分为黄菖蒲栽植区、燕子花栽植区、溪荪栽植区、品种栽植区。园内花卉品种丰富、色彩艳丽、花瓣各异、花型多变,形成了美丽的自然景观。

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篇6:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1184 字

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好,我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所,起初规模并不大,只供府、县学考试之用。明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。后贡院规模扩大,待到清朝,正式定名为江南贡院,已经是规模空前,形成东起姚家巷,西至学宫、孔庙,南临秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整体,其号舍达两万多个,在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。民国之后,贡院冷落,只有明远楼等,作为历史文物被保留下来。

我们现在看到的明远楼,上下三层,四四方方,飞檐出甍,面面皆窗,它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑,详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景,80年代中期,有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”,复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍,陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像,供人们参观。同时,游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。各位朋友,您不想试一试?

游罢夫子庙的主要观光点,我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。

第一,夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所,这是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。在夫子庙,一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明,如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心,以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化,如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等,一应俱全,充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处,高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁,是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔庙中独一无二的。由此可知,秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画,堪称全国之最。值得一提的是,由于南京夫子庙的与众不同,地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来,开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮,发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹,如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观,即所谓的“四点一线”,形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。现已布局井然,初具规模,景致独特,美不胜收,成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。基于此,有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线,成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。

各位朋友,夫子庙的游览就到此结束了,感谢大家的支持和合作!

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篇7:南京明孝陵英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 13341 字

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Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

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篇8:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2404 字

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"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque bridge, sunset at the entrance ofWuyi Lane..." This is my first understanding of Confucius temple when I was achild.

I dont know. Im scared. If you are a tourist, have been to Nanjing, buthave not been to the Confucius Temple, it is really in vain!

Confucius Temple is a famous scenic spot in Nanjing with a long history.The Confucius Temple is close to the Qinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing,just like the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. Qinhuai river rippling,sparkling, water from time to time out of the lovely fish, sitting on the boatof Confucius Temple to see the scenery, do not have a taste.

To see the Confucius Temple, you must come in the evening. At this time,the Confucius Temple is full of bright lights and colorful neon lights. It lookslike the aurora in the sky of the city. At this moment, people come to theConfucius Temple regardless of the fatigue of the night. Hungry? Ha ha, noproblem! Folloe me! Duck blood vermicelli soup, chicken juice soup bag, muttonkebab, not enough to KFC! McDonalds also has! And Nanjing stinky tofu and otherclassic snacks By the way! There are salted duck! Salted duck is a specialty ofNanjing! Welcome to taste! One of the salted duck is called osmanthus duck,which is improving on the level of salted duck, with the fragrance of osmanthus.Confucius Temple is not the "No.2 lion bridge". Its just food. There are manyfashionable shops for you to visit. Of course, your eyes will not be idle. TheConfucius Temple is an ancient building long ago, which contains the flavor ofold Nanjing. The exquisite carving on the walls and the gorgeous nationalpattern on the roof are so beautiful. In addition, the Qinhuai River at night iseven more beautiful. The clear water reflects the starry night sky, green trees,buildings, and the colorful lights, which make the Qinhuai River colorful.

On the Lantern Festival, the Confucius Temple is full of people. There aresmall shops selling lanterns in the streets, including lovely rabbit lanterns,ancient horse lanterns and Kongming lanterns. In addition to lanterns, there aremany lantern shops in the Confucius Temple during the Lantern Festival. LanternFestival has big and small, big inside sesame, small bubble sugar water, arevery delicious.

We believe that not only the Confucius Temple, but also Nanjing, a citywith a long history, will have a better future!

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篇9:南京概况英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4027 字

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Добро пожаловать в город нанкин, где всегда есть "Шесть династий цзяочжоу,цзиньлин императорской области" достопримечательности. я гид из средней бригадыпровинции цзянсу _ Все могут звать меня _ гид, или маленький. рядом со мной этотводитель. мастер, его техника вождения очень хорошо, будьте уверены. надеюсь,что в ближайшие дни мы с вами сможем совершить прекрасную поездку в нанкин.Нанкин - один из семи древних столиц китая. в Восточном предместье сушёная горас черепом человека, что доказывает, что 350 тысяч лет назад, были следы"нанкинских обезьян". с начала династии дун у цзянду в 229 г. нашей эры нанкиндесять раз стал Киото, оставив богатое историческое и культурное наследие.нанкин географический район, богатые материальными ресурсами, находится в районе? золотого Треугольника? Янцзы, является важным городом в региональной экономикеКитая. нанкинский внешний транспорт широко известен и представляет собойтрехмерную транспортную систему и сеть для воздушных, шоссейных, железнодорожныхи речных перевозок. нанкин, горы кольцо воды, лук, клетки и юй, город шаньшуйлеса слились в одно целое, природа пейзаж долго славится. Природа одарилананкина живописными горами, сохранившими здесь свою славную культуру. Г - н Суньчжуншань в знаменитых словах рассказал о красоте нанкина: "здесь есть горы, естьравнины, есть глубины, в трех крупнейших городах мира также искренне труднонайти эту достопримечательность". на подножии горы чжуншань, мин Сяолинь,расположенная на подножии горы чуньшань, расположена в зелено - зеленом золотомхолме и имеет великолепное расположение. памятники тайпинского царства, огромныйдворец. в нескольких десятках мавзолей династии Южная династия получила большоемастерство, которое можно назвать гигантской системой, национальной ценностью.нершелита (храм Цися), великолепная фигура, стройная, великолепная, великолепнаядекоративная, это редкость из имеющихся в нашей стране каменных башен.

президентский дворец, мемориальный парк павших героев юйхуатая,мемориальный музей соотечественников, погибших в результате массовых убийств вНанкине, которые были совершены против японской армии в китае, мемориальныймузей в новой деревне мэйюань и мемориал победы в переправу являютсяисторическими свидетельствами демократической революции в нашей стране. озеросюаньюй, три кольца воды, с одной стороны, рядом с городом, сюфэн тайфэн тенибашни, Бибо, можно назвать "золотой Жемчужиной". озеро моуны, содержиттрогательные и печальные легенды, озеро свет тени, цветочный коконник, изящный,изысканный и открытый. особенность нанкина известна как китайская технологияпарча "живые окаменелости" облака и "сокровище нации" Дождь камень, сталпредставителем Нанкинского туристического товара. вкусные закуски цинь Хуай исолёная утка широко известны во всем мире. в этот день нанкин, одновременно ссовременной вежливой экономикой, является красивым пейзажем с красивыми горами,живущими на драконьих досках, город хуаньхуань дворец дворец, уличные структуры,сад сад сад сад сад сад, зеленая площадь... вместе построили красочный альбом,слитый в одно целое горными и водными лесами, и продемонстрировали уникальноеочарование "зеленой древности, города культуры". Говоря о нашем Нанкине,приходится упомянуть четыре конкретных продукта, которые соответствуют ? есть?,? пить?, ? играть? и ? одеваться?: соленая утка, чай с дождями, камни и облака.Долгая история родила нанкин богатейшие туристические ресурсы, восток от горычжуншань пейзаж области, в том числе в горах, мин Сяолинь, храм линьгу ибазальту озеро, запад и Каменный город пейзаж в качестве точки зрения, к югузнаменитый пейзаж цинь Хуай является основным хитом, на севере вдоль реки пейзажобласти, в том числе мост Янцзы, просмотр Реки Лу, храм Цзинхай и другиедостопримечательности. нанкин, в котором собраны горы, вода, город и вэнь, игоры, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и тучи, ивеликие, и великие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, ибольшие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие.

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篇10:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 5727 字

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各位朋友,大家好!欢迎光临南京夫子庙

夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔,地理位置优越,交通十分方便,是南京人引以为自豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点,是新兴的文化、商业、游览中心和庙市合一的繁华之地。

夫子庙,又叫孔庙、文庙,是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。

孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子,故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。

由于儒学的正统地位,它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的统治者和士子们的尊崇,祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地,有的地方还不只一个。

夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所,大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起,即所谓的庙附于学,一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。

历史上,南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处,一处在今市政府大院内,另一处在朝天宫。

现在我们要参观、游览的,是第三处,也是最有名气的一处。

它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝天宫迁来的,初为建康府学,元为集庆路学,明初为国学,后为应天府学,清迁出府学,改为江宁、上元两县学。

咸丰年间毁于兵火,同治年间(1869年)重建,抗战中为日军焚毁。

现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。

它采用前庙后学,孔庙在前,学宫在后,后来设立的贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。

因此,南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分,即孔庙、学宫、贡院。

以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。

夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通,使其在夫子庙出现之前,就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地,因此除了以上所述主要景点外,还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。

现在我们已站在夫子庙中轴线的起点部分—夫子庙广场。

环顾四周,南有泮池、照壁、木坊,东西两侧有聚星亭、魁光阁及商业区,北有中轴线上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔庙东西两侧的东、西二市,形成了夫子庙地区区别于其他城市孔庙的独特氛围,即历史上形成的庙市合一的格局。

请看广场前的这一条河,它叫秦淮河,是南京人民的母亲河,全长110公里,孕育了早期的南京文明。

流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分,建庙时被改造为泮池,因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。

南岸的一堵红墙,是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁,长达110米,气势磅礴,为全国照壁之最。

照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用,是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。

泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(1514年)年间所建,是历经了沧桑变迁之后,成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品,抗战前曾加以修整。

游人至此,凭栏小憩,观览秦淮秀色,心旷神怡。

泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。

因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。

因为桥向与子午线方向一致,所以每逢农历11月15日子时左右,皓月当空,凭栏俯视,在桥的两边分别可看到桥影将河中明月分成两个半月,被称为“文德分月”。

吴敬梓在《儒林外史》一书中就有记述,如果您有机会的话,不妨在农历11月15日来文德桥边看一看。

文德桥南乌衣巷口的一组徽派建筑群,为“王谢古居”。

作为东晋豪族王谢两大家族聚居区,影响比较大,尤其是唐刘禹锡名作《乌衣巷》的诗句,使乌衣巷、王谢旧居变得非常有名,现为“南京六朝历史文化陈列馆。“大家有时间可以进去参观参观。

现在我们看石栏北侧是新复建的天下文枢坊,表明此处为天下文化中心。

三门四柱,颇为壮观。

在古代,它与后面的棂星门对应,用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔,中间高门坊是皇帝幸临的御道,左右供郡亲王出入,一般的官员臣民不能通行,因而平时都用木栅栏封闭起来。

庙前广场西侧的聚星亭,六角飞檐、古朴大方,外表看双重飞檐翘角,貌似两层结构,其实只有一层,亭名取群星聚集、人才荟萃之意。

再请看东边,临水而立的小院子是魁光阁,阁内的魁星亭,三层六面,下临秦淮,景致独特。

古有“奎主文章”之说。

奎星即魁星,是文运兴旺之兆,是科举时试夺魁的象征,因而魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。

魁光阁与聚星亭东西犄角相望,互为呼应,融为一体。

庙前广场北面的石砌坊门,是孔庙第一道大门—棂星门,六柱三门,古朴优美,中间横楣刻有篆文“棂星门”。

棂星是古代天文学中的“文星”,取名之由是要表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。

三门之间镶嵌有牡丹图案的砖刻浮雕,精雕细琢,美仑美奂。

石柱顶端皆用云板,即华表之意,作为一种标志。

此乃皇帝祭孔的仪门。

走过棂星门,我们就来到大成殿的大成门前。

大成门,又称戟门,是夫子庙的正大门,两旁为持敬门。

封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入,一般士子只能从旁门进出。

进入门内,左右分别树有四块古碑:东边有元至顺二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑),西边有公元1330年的残碑《集庆孔子庙碑》和由市政府迁来的甫齐永明二年(484年)的《孔于问礼图碑》。

以《孔子问礼图碑》为著。

院落甬道两旁排列了孔子十二门生中的八位,即闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由,均由汉白玉雕刻而成,状甚虔诚,栩栩如生。

向前看,大成殿前的平台为丹墀,俗称露台,高1.4米,东西宽21.8米,南北长“14.0米,四周围以石栏,有云头望柱24根,台前两角设有石灯笼。

此露台用作祭祀和歌舞。

露台中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目,青铜质地,达4.18米,重乙37吨,做工精细,维妙维肖,体态丰盈,面部慈祥、深沉,眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智,给人留下非常深刻的印象。

露台两旁原是两庑,是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所。

现缩为小两庑,改为碑廊,陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的碑石30余块,供游人欣赏。

露台尽头即为巍峨庄严的夫子庙主殿—大成殿,高16.22米,宽27.3米,进深27.9米,是重槽歇山顶的仿古建筑。

正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾,上书“大成殿”。

孔子为“大成至圣先师”,“大成”当指孔子。

“大成”一词,源出《札记.学记》,是学习的最高境界。

又见于《孟子.万章》。

“孔子,圣之时者也。

孔子之谓集大成。

”屋脊鸱吻中有造型精美的“双龙戏珠”立雕,这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作;屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻秀之势,与北方孔庙屋面采用黄色琉璃瓦的富丽恢宏之势明显不一样,更显随和、入俗之意,这亦是南京夫子庙更接近俗文化的表现之一,亦或称之为“入乡随俗”吧。

整座建筑重檐飞翘,斗拱交错,气势雄伟;殿堂七楹,殿廊环立26根仿木圆柱;前后花格长门16扇,内殿藻井枋檩,素雅肃穆。

殿中央陈列有高6.5米、宽3.5米的国内最大的孔子画像,画像前二侧还有12位门生中的另4位,即孟子,孔汲,曾参、颜回,前面还陈列有柷、琴、卧箜篌,编磬,编钟、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。

四周墙壁悬挂了38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画,称为“孔子圣迹图”,是由浙江乐清2OO匠师采用取自浙江、福建,内蒙古、辽宁、青海、广西、广东等省(区)的内玉石,鸡血冻、寿山石,翡翠绿、周村冻等石中名晶及黄金、珠宝、罗钿等贵重的珠宝饰件,耗3年之功雕成,总投资580万元人民币。

画面采用中国古典全景式构图方式,辅以考证有据的细部描述,做工精细,色泽自然,富有立体感,给人以逼真神奇之感。

每幅面高2.5米,宽1.3米,画中 共有人物408位,造型面目自然、栩栩如生。

38幅壁画分别是圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老、钧天降圣、俎豆学礼、职司委吏、命名荣贶、职司乘田、问礼老聃、在齐闻韶、晏婴沮封、退修诗书、夹谷会齐、归田谢过、诛少正卯;女乐文马、因膰去鲁。

匡人解围。

丑次同车之一,丑次同车之二、宋人伐木、楛矢贯隼、适卫击磬、学琴师襄、西河返驾、灵公问陈、子路问津、在陈绝粮、子西沮封、作歌丘陵,杏坛礼乐、跪受赤虹、西狩获麟、梦奠两楹、治任别归、汉高祀鲁。

体现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范形象,这恰如殿中对联所写“气备四时兴天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂万世继尧舜禹汤文武作之师“。

真乃谓“德侔天地道贯古今,删述六经垂宪万世”。

由大成殿东庑北门出,经东市即进入学宫区。

东市和西市是由原来进出学宫的东、西甬道改成,用作秦淮河上往返船只经销商品的场所,现已成为夫子庙地区最具特色的工艺美术晶、文化用品销售场所和文化活动场所。

学宫是封建时代培养人才的场所,有不同层次,如县学、府学(路学、州学等)和国学,都与孔庙毗邻,以示儒学立国,修身的正统地位。

学宫包括明德堂、尊经阁、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云楼等单体建筑。

走进学宫大门,就是古风盎然的明德堂,是士子们每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后,集中听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕(伦理和政府法令)的场所,以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。

对于明德堂的名称,可能有的游客要问,各地夫子庙建筑群中只有“明伦堂”,何以南京夫子庙例外,叫作“明德堂”?确实,南京夫子庙内,明德堂原来也称“明伦堂”,只是当年元军即将攻克南京之时,身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥,为了表明他宁死不屈的决心,亲自手书,改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”以明效忠国家、报效民众之志气,故保留至今。

明德堂后的尊经阁,始建于明朝中期,高三层,18.7米,重檐丁字脊歇山顶,气象非凡,是当年存放儒家典籍、教谕讲课的讲堂,现为民俗风情陈列馆。

与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼,尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边。

崇圣祠祀孔子父母,现为梨园;青云楼清时改为图书馆;尊经书院为讲课之所,相当于现在的教室。

尊经阁后小高地,叫卫山,建有敬一亭,天下文庙皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖时,亭内立皇帝御题的“敬一箴”,作为生员士子的座右铭。

所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之意。

游完学宫,向东过贡院西街走数十米,就是江南贡院。

利用这一段时间,我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。

夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外,还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。

其一,南京人向有过灯节的习俗,六朝时期佛兴灯旺,作为帝王之都的南京,每至元宵节,灯火满市井,为全国之冠。

明朝时放灯时间延长,正月初八为上灯节。

十八日为落灯节,是我国历史上为时最长的灯节,那时南京人几乎“家家走桥,人人看灯”,由此,延至清代以及近代,南京灯节都极为隆重,以夫子庙地区为最盛。

建国以后,夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下,每年的正月,夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯,前来观赏的人群络绎不绝,熙熙攘攘,煞是壮观,其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多,在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。

其二,夫子庙除了它的文化特色外,其商业文化也比较发达,首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值,其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场,体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。

夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。

其三,夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成,夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新,各种茶食店铺,摊贩小吃,应有尽有,成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。

从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面,风味饮食店就有数十家之多。

可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。

最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等,风味名点和小吃有数百种,极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。

好,我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。

江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所,起初规模并不大,只供府、县学考试之用。

明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。

后贡院规模扩大,待到清朝,正式定名为江南贡院,已经是规模空前,形成东起姚家巷,西至学宫、孔庙,南临秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整体,其号舍达两万多个,在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。

民国之后,贡院冷落,只有明远楼等,作为历史文物被保留下来。

我们现在看到的明远楼,上下三层,四四方方,飞檐出甍,面面皆窗,它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。

如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑,详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。

为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景,80年代中期,有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”,复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍,陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像,供人们参观。

同时,游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。

各位朋友,您不想试一试?

游罢夫子庙的主要观光点,我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。

第一,夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所,这是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。

在夫子庙,一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明,如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心,以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化,如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等,一应俱全,充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。

学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处,高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。

如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁,是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔庙中独一无二的。

由此可知,秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。

南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画,堪称全国之最。

值得一提的是,由于南京夫子庙的与众不同,地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来,开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。

在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮,发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹,如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观,即所谓的“四点一线”,形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。

现已布局井然,初具规模,景致独特,美不胜收,成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。

基于此,有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线,成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。

各位朋友,夫子庙的游览就到此结束了,感谢大家的支持和合作!

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篇11:南京栖霞山的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 558 字

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天禄与麒麟仅限用于帝陵,辟邪则专用于王侯墓前。

位于栖霞区狮子冲陈文帝陈倩永宁陵前的天禄、麒麟,是帝陵石兽的代表作。

它们相向而立,造型矫健灵活,雕刻手法细致圆熟,已脱尽汉代简朴作风,给人以挺拔、丰满的印象。

而位于仙鹤门张家库村的梁临川王萧宏墓,墓前的辟邪雄浑简练,雕刻技法娴熟,造型的整体和局部皆十分和谐,显示出一种匀称美,是王侯墓前石辟邪的代表作。

神道石柱又称华表,以栖霞十月村吴平忠侯萧詹墓的碑文保存最为完整。

南朝立碑较少,千百个碑毁散湮没,流传极少,而此碑巍然独存。

石碑通高5.16米,分碑首、 碑身、龟趺三部分。

碑身镌刻当时著名书法家贝义渊所书2840多字的楷体碑文,是十分罕见的书法艺术珍品。

南朝陵墓石刻上承秦汉,下启隋唐,而与同时代的北朝石窟艺术遥相媲美,在中国石雕艺术史上占有极其重要的地位。

它不仅是中国古代石雕艺术的杰作,也称得上是世界艺术宝库中的珍品,1988年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

天禄、麒麟雕刻

精美者,当属位于栖霞镇狮子冲的陈文帝永宁陵石刻。

天禄又称“天鹿”,也称“挑拨”、“符拨”,是古代传说中的神兽,与“天命”和“禄位”有关。

麒麟是传说中的“仁兽”,它的出现,往往被附会为圣贤的降生,是太平盛世的象征,永宁陵现存石天禄、麒麟各一只,昂首而立,凌空欲飞,富有动感,给人以挺拨、丰富的印象。

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篇12:南京栖霞山的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 769 字

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千佛岩在凤翔峰西南麓。闻名遐迩的“东飞天”就在中102号佛龛中。南齐永明七年(489年),明僧绍之子与智度禅师合作开凿三圣像以纪念明僧绍。梁大同六年(540年)三圣像佛龛上出现佛光,惊动齐梁贵族,于是纷纷前来凿石造像,从南朝齐永明二年至梁天监十年(484-511年)逐渐开凿而成。又据传,栖霞寺创建人僧绍曾梦见西岩壁上有如来佛光,于是立志在此凿造佛像。

他病故后,其子在南齐永明二年(484年)开始与僧智度禅师在西壁上凿佛龛,镌刻了三尊佛像,这三佛合称“西方三圣”,该殿也称“三圣殿”。所有佛像或五六尊一龛,或七八尊一室。佛像始有515尊,分凿于294个佛龛中,望之如峰房鸽舍,号称千佛崖。

后来,唐、宋、元、明各代相继在纱帽峰都有开凿,连南朝在内,共有700尊。佛像大者高数丈,小者仅盈尺。其中“大佛阁”为开凿时间最早、规模最大的一座石窟,凿于南齐永明七年(公元489年),正中无量寿佛坐像高达12米。

20__年南京旅游界要说有什么大事恐怕只有栖霞山发现“东飞天”,各大媒体更是抓住这一热点进行大量报道,学术界也展开了激烈的讨论,使“东敦煌”、“东飞天”蜚声海内外,很多人慕名而来。“东飞天”位于中102号佛龛中。

这个洞龛非常小,共有5座佛像,洞顶的两组飞天为橙色,线条清晰可辨,中间佛像头顶的火焰隐约可见。虽然仅有这么两对飞天,但这是我国所发现的最东部的“敦煌遗迹”。最近又传来消息称在千佛岩旁的舍利塔上又发现了飞天浮雕,其所用技法和人物线条皆与敦煌相似,据有关报道称,这一发现进一步丰富了"东敦煌"的文化内容。

舍利塔始建于隋仁寿元年(601年),始为木塔,后毁于唐武宗会昌年间。现存之塔系南唐时高

越、林仁肇建造。从栖霞寺南侧围墙外山路向东行不远,就可看到舍利塔,该塔用白石砌成,五层八面,高约18米。塔外壁上刻有浮雕,形象姿态生动传神。

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篇13:南京阅江楼英语导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3026 字

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Yuejiang tower in Nanjing, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower inYueyang and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang are known as the four famous buildingsin Jiangnan. It is located in the northwest of Nanjing City, adjacent to theYangtze River. The building is 52 meters high and has seven floors. It is one ofthe four famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, with blue tiles,Zhuying, cornice, zhufengfei and Tongye. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, heonce again visited Lulong mountain in 1374. He wanted to build a toweringPavilion on the mountain, so he personally wrote Yuejiang Lou Ji, which ismagnificent and full of maneuvers. Because of Lulong mountains "abrupt peak,lingyanxia and invading Han Dynastys exterior, short-sighted from a distance,the real lion dragon (the alias of lion)," he changed its name to lion Zishan.In the spring of that year, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered his officials to write morethan 100 pieces of Yuejiang Lou Ji, among which Song Lian, a great scholar,wrote the most excellent one, and was recorded in Guwen Guanzhi, which washanded down to the world together with Zhu Yuanzhangs Yuejiang Lou Ji. ZhuYuanzhang built "Pingdi" for Yuejiang building, but it was not built for variousreasons.

"One river runs thousands of miles to the sea, two records of hulou sixhundred years.". This wonderful couplet is a true portrayal of the six hundredyears of vicissitudes of Yuejiang building in Nanjing. When you climb theYuejiang tower and look far away, you can see the vast river rolling eastward.Its like a panoramic view of the six hundred years of rain and smoke sinceZheng Hes voyages to the West. Yuejianglou staff said that Zheng He Pang

The big fleet came out of the Xiaguan Longjiang River in Nanjing and sailedfrom here to Liujiagang anchorage in Taicang.

Yuejianglou scenic area covers a total area of 31 hectares, of which wateraccounts for 1 / 3, land accounts for 2 / 3, and the green coverage rate reaches85%. There are more than 30 historical sites in the scenic area, such asYuejiang tower, Wanxian Pavilion, ancient fort, Sun Yat Sens Yuejiang place,Wujun tunnel, ancient city wall, dizang temple, wuse Tu, Jinghai temple, etc. itis a national famous tourist attraction integrating cultural landscape andnatural landscape. It is a national AAAA tourist attraction. Yuejiang building,with the theme of Ming culture, is divided into three main parts of"unification, opening up and development"; it shows the statues of 16 emperorsof Ming Dynasty and the territory of Ming Dynasty. There are also five "nationalbest" porcelain paintings in the scenic area, such as the complete picture ofZheng Hes voyages to the west, the double-sided embroidery of the four famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, the white jade carving of Yuejiangtower, the tripod of Yuejiang tower, and the relief of Shiling Yuejiang, whichare novel in conception, exquisite in workmanship, and unique incharacteristics, fully reflecting the long history and rich cultural heritage ofYuejiang tower.

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篇14:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4346 字

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各位游客。

在昨天的游程中,我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺,总统府旧址等名胜古迹。

今天,我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。

秦淮河旅游区,位于南京老城区城南,从市区出发,坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。

它是一个以夫子庙为中心,集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体,展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。

【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】

秦淮河,是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。

相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。

秦始皇东巡会稽,经过南京时,为方便船只行驶,曾下令开凿方山,使淮水与长江沟通,因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。

但据地质考察证明,秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流,当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过,但由于地理变迁,河流改道,逐渐形成了现在的河道。

历史上的秦淮河,河道宽绰。

自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后,河道开始变窄,并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。

内秦淮河由东水关人城,经夫子庙,再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。

河流全长10公里,这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。

唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇,孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中,也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。

古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比,显得十分渺小,但是它与南京城的诞生、发展,以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。

早在五六千年前的新石器时代,这里已有人类繁衍生息。

迄今为止,沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。

六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。

东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后,曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”,既可御敌,又可防洪。

从六朝时起,夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地,秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道,河中舟船穿梭,一派繁荣。

据说,旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立,河房水阁争奇斗艳,游艇画防灯火通明,富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活,劳动人民,特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面,饱尝了人间的辛酸。

那时南京的大多集中在秦淮河两岸。

清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君,她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。

美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞,六朝以来的繁华和奢靡,旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪,甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。

然而,今天的秦淮河,经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造,已散发着健康文明的馨香,展现了清澈动人的风姿。

它是南京历史的见证,难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。

【秦淮画舫—伴池—夫子庙照壁—庙前广场—棂星门】

各位游客:现在我们来到了秦淮河畔,河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的,船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。

每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。

这种风气在明代就已盛行,据说明朝建都后,朱元津微服巡察京城。

当他来到秦淮河畔,看到两岸绿树成荫,河水清澈,亭台楼阁,风景宜人,随口说了句:“惜河中缺游船。

”皇帝开了金口,左右就连夜差人赶造画舫,以博取皇帝欢心。

从此,秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。

尤其到了中秋佳节时分,更是河上水灯万盏齐放,两岸龙灯飞舞,歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声,连绵不绝,通宵达旦,真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。

难怪南京有“家家走桥,人人看灯”的民谚。

我们眼前的这段秦淮河,自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池,又称月牙他。

古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍,诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫,夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方,所以这池称“泮池”夫子庙导游词夫子庙导游词。

泮池上一般建有三座石桥,按等级而论,县官、学官走中间一座,秀才走两边的桥。

相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥,有犯上作乱之罪,进退两难,只好自己跳进了泮池。

再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙,这就是夫子庙的照壁。

照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年),长达110米,为全们照壁之冠。

各位游客:这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年),当时成帝采纳了王导的建议:“治国以培育人才为重”,决定立大学于秦淮河畔。

原来只建有学宫,孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。

所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市,它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群,其范围南临秦淮河北岸,北抵建康路东端,东起姚家巷,西止四福巷,规模庞大。

夫子庙虽屡遭破坏,但各代都加以兴修扩建,到清末民初,其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。

现在的夫子庙建筑,~部分是清代末年重建的,一部分是近几年重建的。

请大家回头看,这座楼阁式建筑,叫做奎星阁,它初建于清乾隆年间。

这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁,1985年重建。

现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场,广场东西两端竖有两块碑,高有一丈许,上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”,表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。

左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”,“聚星”取群星集中,人才荟萃之意。

建于明万历十四年(1586年),也曾几经兴废,到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。

这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑,可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除,1983年又得以重建,恢复了原来的风貌。

广场正中的这座牌坊,叫“天下文枢坊”。

请大家继续随我往前走。

这座门叫棂星门,这是孔庙的庙门。

据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿,他得人方便高兴。

门是石结构的,六柱三门,建于明成化十六年(1480年),后来被毁,又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。

不过,现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的夫子庙。

极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。

【大成门—大成殿—学宫】

各位游客:走过棂星门,便是孔庙的正门,叫大成门,也叫戟门。

门内侧有石碑四块。

第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》,刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。

记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际,孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜,抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望,于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年),从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度,寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。

碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图,吴敬恒题”的题字。

图中是二人驾车,一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面,还有“永明二年,孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。

这块碑已有1500多年的历史了,图文仍清晰可辨,是难得的珍贵文物。

第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》,碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的,到元至顺元年(1330年),由纯斋王公书写刻石。

第三块碑是《封四氏碑》,讲的是元至顺二年,文宗皇帝诏示:加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。

第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》,讲的是元至顺二年(1331年),文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。

庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方),廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。

现在,请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。

在进大成殿前,我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子,这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。

古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日),地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。

祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪,在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器,上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头,以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。

主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服,宣读祭文,向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼,还配有乐队和舞队表演,以歌颂孔子,所以大成殿前要设舞台。

现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。

这是一座气势巍峨,重檐庑殿顶,屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。

这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。

“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。

大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒,两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。

现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。

请大家再往前走,这里便是夫子庙的学宫。

门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额,门外柏木牌坊,牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。

牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃,左右有四书斋,是学子自修读书的地方。

这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。

后面是明德堂,这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年),堂名为文天祥所书。

明德堂是学子集会的地方,每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后,学子在此集会,训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。

东墙有“卧碑”,就是训教的法规。

左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。

我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁,原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠,现改为游乐场了。

东面那座建筑是青云楼,它建于明万历十四年(1586年),是供把历代督学使的祠堂,初建时为三层楼,因为临近贡院,为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院,清代时改建成二层楼,上层用作藏书,下层是阅览室。

清末废除科举后,改为小学,民国初年改为江宁县教育会,抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场,战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆夫子庙导游词导游。

这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。

各位游客:参观完学宫建筑后,我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。

【贡院街—贡院—明远楼】

现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街,那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街,贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。

贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年),是县府考试场所。

明太祖朱元津定都南京后,这里成了乡试、会试场所。

明永一乐十九年(1421年)迁都北京,但南京仍作为陪都,加上江南又是人文基本之地,考试仍在这里按期举行。

明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院,明清两代对贡院不断扩建,到清光绪时,贡院规模之大,已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。

对此,我只要告诉大家一个数字,你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间,已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间,且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。

可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数,明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一,而其他大部分已被辟为市场。

现在,我们所见的这座三层建筑,就是明远楼了。

楼呈四方形,四面设窗,地处贡院中心,在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。

“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”,封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。

考生考完后,“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街

清末废除科举后,贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。

1919年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外,其余一并拆除,辟为市场。

明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。

各位游客:关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。

如果大家有兴趣的话,可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市,同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品,还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃,夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。

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篇15:南京明孝陵英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1875 字

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Today, my parents took me to Xiaoling scenic spot. Xiaoling of Ming Dynastyis the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. Here is not onlybeautiful scenery, but also some historical knowledge, so every holiday, willgather many tourists.

Entering the gate of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the first thing that comes tomind is 2 sacred Dao. One is the stone road of the East and the west, and theother is 615 meters long. In the order of the road, six stone animals are lions,tiers, camels, elephants, Kirin and horses. The other is the Weng Chong Road,the Shinto road in the north and south direction, 250 meters long, two pairs ofWen _ and two pairs of Wen Chen on the pillar. The top of the column iscylindrical, and its body is carved with dragon patterns. The dignified anddignified generals are the loyal guardians of the mausoleum. Shinto is flankedby lush towering trees, each tree has a red canna. Twigs and leaves of the treetwists and turns into a Green Avenue.

At the Xiaoling Museum of the Ming Dynasty, I visited some unearthedcultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, including jades and ceramics. I also knewthat there were 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, three of whom had theircapitals in Nanjing for 53 years.

A stone turtle carries a large stone tablet on its back, which is engravedwith "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasties". This is the famous tablet hall. This isEmperor Kangxis praise for Zhu Yuanzhangs ruling the country more than that ofTang and Song dynasties. On both sides of the times are the imperial steles ofEmperor Qianlongs physical skills.

The hall of enjoyment is one of the main buildings in Xiaoling Mausoleum ofMing Dynasty, which is used to worship Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress and concubines.There are three floors, and there are stone dragons in four corners of eachfloor.

On the way home, the beautiful scenery of Ming Xiaoling isunforgettable.

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篇16:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 16354 字

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Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.

Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China.Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.

Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.

Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzis former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xies former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.

Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.

Look at the river in front of the square. Its called Qinhuai River. Itsthe mother river of Nanjing people. Its 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.

The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian schools advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge.The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.

A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xies former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.

Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.

The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.

The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.

After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.

Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhishengs wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.

On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.

Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. Its made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. Itsexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people.On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.

At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep.It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall".Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the birds kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.

38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".

From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.

Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.

The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperors motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.

After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!

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篇17:南京导游词讲解

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欢迎来到曲阜。曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故乡,全国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。”今天,我有幸为各位担任导游,十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务,不足之处,请批评指正。

曲阜概况 在参观“三孔”之前,请允许我把曲阜概况介绍一下:

曲阜地处鲁中山区和鲁西南平原的交界处,北依泰山,南引峄山,东连沂蒙群山,西俯千畴平原。地势东高西低,境内泗河、沂河等河流均自东向西流淌,自古就有“圣人门前倒流水”之说。物产丰富,景色宜人。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜:“笑夸故人指绝境,山光水色青如兰”。

曲阜历史悠久,早在五六千年前,我们的祖先就在这里繁衍生息,创造了人类早期的文明。不少古籍中,还有炎帝、少吴徙都于曲阜,黄帝生于寿丘(曲阜城东8里处),舜于寿丘作什器的记载。可见,中国远古时代最有影响的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了踪迹。尽管这是传说,但也并不是毫无根据的。从境内保存下来的20余处大汶口文化和龙山文化遗址中仍可见到我们的祖先征服自然的遗迹。“曲阜”一名最早见于礼记>>。东汉应劭解释说:“鲁城东有阜,委曲长七八里,故名曲阜。”商代前期,曲阜名奄,是商王朝的重要属国。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年,曲阜为鲁国都城,是当时我国一个重要的政治、经济、文化中心。春秋时期,孔子首创私人讲学之风,“弟子三千,贤者七十有二”遍及全国各地,又成了当时的教育中心。鲁国是曲阜历史上的黄金时期,以“礼仪之邦”著称于世,故山东省现仍沿用“鲁”作为简称。公元前249年,楚灭鲁,置鲁县,秦代属薛郡,西汉时为鲁国都,魏晋南北朝时为鲁郡治。隋开皇十六年(596年),首定曲阜为县名。宋代改称仙源县,金代恢复曲阜县名至今。1986年撤县制,始称曲阜市。现面积为890平方公里,人口60余万。悠久的历史,灿烂的文化,给曲阜留下了大量的文物古迹,主要的有110余处,其中孔庙、孔府、孔林及鲁国故城遗址被列为全国首批公布的重点文物保护单位,另有11处列为全省重要文物保护单位。“三孔”还于1994年被联合国列为世界文化遗产。

新中国建立后,特别是党的十一届三中全会以来,党和国家领导人对曲阜的文物古迹十分关注,国家先后拨款3000多万元对“三孔”进行了全面修茸。近年来,为了大力发展旅游事业,曲阜又相继开发建设了孔子六艺城、论语碑苑、鲁国盛世华夏文化城等一批新的旅游景点,形成人文与自然景观,新老景点浑然一体,相映生辉的旅游资源新格局,成为中外游人向往的文化旅游胜地。

孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价,他说:“孔子之谓集大成,集大成者,金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程,以击钟开始,以击磐告终,比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”,也叫“朝天吼”,这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星,古人祭天,先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多,题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书,赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门,东边上书“德侔天地一样大,他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”,由此住里,有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字,取>,“孔子,圣之时者也”句,意思是说,在圣人之中,孔子是最适合时代者。

过圣时门迎面小石桥,叫“璧水桥”,桥两侧偏南各有一座门,东门叫“快睹门”,是先睹为快的意思,西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门,称“弘道门”,这三个字取自>“人能弘道”的句子,以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”,大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门,原名叫“宫和门”,字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关,由此门向南望去,一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革,一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大,这些建筑既有清代建筑,也有明代建筑,还有宋代建筑,它们建的时代不同,工匠不同,但都互相配合,相得益彰,构成一体。看孔庙建筑,同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年),因此也叫“成化碑”,它为明宪宗朱见深所立,碑高6米,宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛,著称于世,并且碑文用论辩形式写成,在极力推崇孔子方面,可以说是之最。大家请看右上角,那上面写道:“联惟孔子之道,有天下者一日不可无焉”,又说:“孔子之道在天下,如布帛粟菽,民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟,叫,是龙的儿子,特别能负重,所以用来驮碑,有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”,在孔庙内,龙和龙的9个儿子,你都可以看到,当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这,他们说:“摸摸的头,一辈子不犯愁,摸摸的腚,一辈子不生病”。

我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”,原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一,有星十六颗,“屈曲相钩,似文字之画”,后来人们把它演化为文官之首,封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星,所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米,阔30.1米,深17.62米,三重飞檐,四层斗拱,构造坚固而且合理,康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震,“人间房屋倾者九,存者一”,而奎文阁却傲然屹立,安然无恙,由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落,展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭,南边8座,北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢,碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录,用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑,重约65吨,采自北京的西山,在当时,将如此重量的石碑从千里之外,跋山涉水,运至曲阜,不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门,是孔庙第三道腰门,为“东华门、西华门”。

我们现在进入大成门,“大成门”是指今天下之大成,这一排共有5门并列,最西边为启圣门,是供奉孔子父母的地方,中路大成门,又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐,中路为孔庙最中心的地方,东为承圣门,原为孔子故居。

大家知道,孔子是伟大的思想家,教育家、政治家,我们认为,孔子首先是个教育家,他是中国第一位老师,封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”,应当说,他是全人类的老师,是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”,相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方,金代建亭作以纪念,著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树,为后人所栽,每当初春时节,红花绽开,绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时,曾赋诗赞之,诗曰:重来又值籼开时,几树东风簇绛枝,岂是人间凡卉比,文明终古共春熙。

矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”,它是中国的“三大殿”之一,与北京故宫的“太和殿”,泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名,其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米,阔45.78米,深24.8米,雕梁画栋,金壁辉煌,特别是周围28根石柱,为世界文化瑰宝,均以整石雕刻而成,前面10根为深浮雕,每柱二龙戏珠,盘绕升腾,栩栩如生,刀法刚劲有力,各具变化。过去皇帝来了,都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕,每柱72条龙,总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像,两侧为四配,东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及,西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日,我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式,表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”,举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动,欢迎各位到时光临。

大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛,共有80间房屋,是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方,在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人,到了民国多达156人,这些配享原为画像,金时改为塑像,明代改为木制牌位,期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块,如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等,都为国家级石碑,被视为书法艺术的极品,价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中,珍藏着584块石碑,叫“玉虹楼”法贴,是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成,具有极高的艺术价值。

寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间,根据司马迁>编绘刻石的连环画,共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。

我们现在的位置是孔庙东路,这里当年为孔子故宅,这口水井为“孔子故宅井”,是当年孔子饮水之井,后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”,乾隆8次来曲阜,竟有他5次题字。后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”,在秦始皇焚书坑儒时,孔子9世孙孔鲋把>等经典藏在此壁内,墙壁倒塌后被人发现,孔子经典方才留传于世。

这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”,是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方,堂前有两棵宋代银杏树,当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜,名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时,千万不要忘了点这道菜,因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。

孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆,我们匆匆看一次,只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌,尤其是不能会其神韵,那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。下面我们参观孔府。

孔府即“衍圣公府”,也是世界文化遗产之一,全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩,有厅、堂、楼、房463间,在路布局,九进院落,东路为“东学”,西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。

“衍圣公”是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗赐给孔子46代孙孔宗愿的封号,这一封号子孙相继,整整袭封了32代,历时880多年。远在这封号之前,自西汉以后,历代封建王朝就给予孔子后代众多封赐,汉代曾封孔子后代为“奉礼君”“关内候”,魏晋南北朝又封“宗圣候、崇圣大夫”;唐朝封“文宣公”;宋代封“衍圣公”,到民国孔子77代孔德成时,改称“奉礼官”。“衍圣公”是我国封建社会享有特权的大贵族,被称为“天下第一家”,在明代,不仅班列群官之上,还特许在紫禁城骑马等。孔子的嫡系长支大多住在孔府,一直到1948年孔子77代孙孔德成离开曲阜,迁至中国台湾。

孔府大门上方高悬蓝底金字“圣府”二字。有趣的是门两边这幅对联:上联是“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第”,“富”字缺上面一“点”,寓“富不到顶”,下联为“同天并老文章道德圣人家”,“章”字一竖直通“立字”,寓“文章通天”。“与国咸休”“同天并老”,这是多大的气派!

孔府二门里,这座独具风格的门叫“恩赐重光门”,过去只有帝王大典、迎接“圣旨”时,此门才在13声炮声中徐徐启开,此门又称“仪门”或“塞门”。过去,一般官宦人家是不允许建的,只有封爵的邦君才能有其殊荣。

这个院子两侧的厅房,各挂有一个牌子,是孔府仿照建王朝六部而设的六厅,即管色厅、百户厅、典籍厅、司乐厅、知印厅、掌书厅。

孔府“大堂”,是“衍圣公”宣读圣旨、接见官员、审理重大案件,举行重大仪式的地方。正中太师椅上,披铺斑斓虎皮,长桌上置文房四宝、印章令箭,两旁摆满各种兵器、更鼓、云牌、龙旗、官衔木牌,象征着孔府的种.种特权,甚是威严。

二堂,也叫后厅,是当年衍圣公会见四品以上官员的地方,里面的石碑和牌匾是清朝光绪、慈祥太后等封赐给衍圣公及夫人的。二堂东边为启事厅,为正四品官,负责上传下达,西边为伴官厅,为正七品,据说,过去官员赴京朝拜天子,一般只允许一主两伴,而只有“衍圣公”可以一主四伴。

三堂,也叫退厅,也是衍圣公私设公堂,处理家庭内部事务的场所。以上三个大堂,层层叠进,很是森严,足显出孔府的圣威和显赫。

三堂过后,我们进入“内宅”,在过去,内宅绝对不许擅入,有皇帝赐给的虎尾棍、燕翅镗、金头玉棍,由十几人轮流把守,有不遵令入内者,“打死勿论”。内宅门西边这个水槽叫石流,过去挑水夫不得进入内宅,只把水倒进石流,淌入内宅。

内宅门的内壁上画着一个形似麒麟的动物,叫“贪”,是传说中的贪婪之兽,能吞下金银财宝,你看它连八仙的宝物都吃掉了,还要去吃太阳。据说当年“衍圣公”出门时,都要驻足观看此画,并有人喊“过贪门”,以戒要清正廉洁,不要贪脏枉法。这对于我们现在的官员和“公仆”们,是不是也有借鉴和启发呢?

这是前上房,有正厅7间,是孔府主人接待至亲和朋友的地方,当年孔府戏班在此演戏,东侧间有乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床,桌上有同治皇帝圣旨原件,中间是404件满汉全席餐具,菜多达196道,可想孔府菜之丰盛。西里间,为衍圣公签阅文件之处。

前堂楼是七间二层楼阁,富丽堂皇,室内陈设布置,全为当年原貌,内有珍奇书画墨宝、古玩衣冠,里套间为孔子后代孔令贻夫人陶氏卧室,这是孔德成先生的生母,至今尚有她的照片,她原是孔府丫环,后被纳妾,生下孔德成,但被陶氏害死。西套间是孔令贻另一夫人丰氏的卧室,此人一生无声无息,27岁就死去了。

这个院子是后堂楼,各有配楼三间,后堂楼是孔德成先生当年结婚的地方,堂中陈列着当年结婚的用品和名人赠送的礼品和题字。孔德成结婚时,正值西安事变期间,本来蒋介石先生要亲自参加婚礼,但遭到抗日将领张学良、杨虎成的逮捕,自然,他也就不能参加这最后一代衍圣公的隆重婚礼了。

我们现在参观孔府后花园,它建于明弘治16年(公元1503年),由吏部尚书太子太傅,也是孔子62代孙衍圣公孔闻韶的亲家李东阳设计监工建造的,到了明嘉靖年间,太子太傅、吏部尚书、当朝权臣严嵩又助修建,严嵩的孙女嫁给了孔子64代衍圣公孔尚贤为一品夫人。到了清代,乾隆将自己的女儿嫁给了72代衍圣公孔宪培,又为修建孔府花园大动土木,经过前后三次大修,花园成了现在的规模,面积比北京故宫的花园还要大些。这里面有各种奇花异草,古树名石如“五柏抱槐”“太湖石假山”等,请各位随意观赏一下。

孔府存有大量无比珍贵的文物,尤其是十余万卷孔府档案,更是稀世文物,为了保护这些文物,在李瑞环同志特此下,拨款修建了孔府档案馆,现在,这些文物和档案得到了很好的保存。

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篇18:南京海洋馆导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 481 字

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南京海底世界由新加坡投资与中山陵园管理局合作兴建,坐落于南京市风景秀丽的中山陵梅花山旁。是融科普教育、观赏娱乐为一体的大型海洋生物展示工程。投资额约2亿人民币,占地面积3.2万平方米,建筑面积1.6万多平方米。

南京海底世界 位于明孝陵附近 ,位于中山陵四方城2号,由中国与新加坡合作建设,引进澳大利亚先进技术的融教育娱乐于一体的大型海洋生物展示场所。占地3.1万平方米,建筑面积1万多平方米。主建筑共4层。

一层为水族馆,有近万条海洋鱼类,品种3000种。游人可观赏到千姿百态的鱼群、硕大无比的海龟和凶猛的鳄鱼、鲨鱼。海豚馆是华东地区最大的海洋生物表演馆,本馆投资1000万人民币,占地面积约1500平方米,建筑的顶棚由透明玻璃直射水面,让我们的"演员"们尽情享受着日光浴.幽雅的海豚与聪明的海狮将为您带来一场生动谐趣、精彩绝伦的海洋动物秀,莫不使您喜爱万分!

海底隧道是南京海底世界的主题部分,长74米,采用180度环形透明隧道设计,电动传送带载着您畅游海底。看,近在咫尺鲨鱼还游在您周围,硕大的石斑鱼正张开大嘴欢迎您的到来。海底世界水族馆,实现您漫游海底的梦想!

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篇19:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 9420 字

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Ladies and gentlemen. During yesterdays tour, I arranged for you to visitsuch places of interest as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, LingguTemple and the former site of the presidential palace. Today, I will take you toQinhuai River and Confucius Temple. Qinhuai River tourist area is located in thesouth of the old urban area of Nanjing. It takes about 20 minutes to get thereby bus from the urban area. It is a tourist destination with Confucius Temple asthe center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the styleand features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.

[origin and historical changes of Qinhuai River]

Qinhuai River is a river that once played an important role in thepolitical, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of Nanjing. Itis said that the Qinhuai River is an artificial canal ordered by the firstemperor of Qin Dynasty. When the first emperor of Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji inthe East, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to digFangshan to connect the Huaihe River with the Yangtze River. However, accordingto geological investigation, Qinhuai River is a natural river with a longhistory. At that time, the ancient river did pass through Fangshan. However, dueto geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed thepresent river. The Qinhuai River in history has a wide channel. Since Yangxingmi, king of Wu in the Five Dynasties, built the stone city in the area ofchangganqiao, the river began to narrow and was divided into the inner and outerQinhuai River. The Inner Qinhuai River flows from the city of dongshuiguan,through the Confucius Temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the southof Shuiximen to join the outer Qinhuai River. The total length of the river is10 kilometers. This is the "Ten Mile Qinhuai River" that has been praised andvisited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. Li Bai, Liu Yuxiand Du Mu, the great poets of Tang Dynasty, wrote poems for her. Kong ShangrensPeach Blossom Fan and Wu Jingyangs scholars also vividly described the "ten liQinhuai River".

Compared with the Yangtze River, which flows through the north of NanjingCity, the ancient Qinhuai River is very small, but it is closely related to thebirth and development of Nanjing City, as well as the political, economic andcultural development of Nanjing area. As early as five or six thousand years agoin the Neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. So far, as many as 50or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of theriver. In the Six Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the feudal court alwaysregarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for theimperial palace. After the establishment of the capital Jianye (Nanjing), SunQuan of the eastern Wu Dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of theQinhuai River, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent floods.Since the Six Dynasties, both sides of the Qinhuai River in the area ofConfucius Temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connectedmarkets. The Qinhuai River has served as the main channel for foreign trade inNanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. It is said that inthe old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of theQinhuai River, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, theyacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life ofpleasure and money. The working people, especially the vast number of women, hada good taste of the bitterness of the world. At that time, prostitutes inNanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the Qinhuai River. LiXiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, isdescribed in Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty.She lives by wendeqiao on the South Bank of Qinhuai River.

The beautiful Qinhuai River once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, theprosperity and extravagance since the Six Dynasties, the dirt of the oldsociety, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of theNanjing Massacre. However, todays Qinhuai River, after the precipitation ofhistory and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of healthand civilization, showing a clear and moving style. It is the witness ofNanjings history. No wonder people used to take "Qinhuai" as the pronoun ofNanjing.

[Qinhuai boat - Banchi - Zhaobi of Confucius Temple - Square in front ofthe temple - Lingxing gate]

Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. Thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Wheneverthe Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. Itis said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. He said casually, "Im sorry for the lack of boats in the river." Whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. Since then, Qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. Especially in the Mid Autumn Festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. Songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. It can be said that "Qinhuai is the best in the world". Nowonder there is a folk saying in Nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".

This section of Qinhuai River in front of us has become a Confucius Temple(Confucius Temple) and panchi since the Song Dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. In ancient times, the Imperial Academy was called Biyong, and the princesAcademy was called Pangong. The Confucius Temple Academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi".Generally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. According to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. It is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to Zhongqiao. He was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.

Please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. This is the screen wall of Confucius Temple. Zhaobi was built in thethird year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (Li Ze Nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest Zhaobi in the whole family. Ladies and gentlemen, this ConfuciusTemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the Eastern JinDynasty. At that time, Emperor chengdi adopted the advice of Wang Dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the University on the Bank of Qinhuai river. In thefirst year of Jingpai (1034), the Confucius Temple was built on the basis ofXuefu. Therefore, Confucius Temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. It includes three main buildings: Confucius Temple,Academy and Gongyuan. Its scope is adjacent to the North Bank of Qinhuai Riverin the south, the east end of Jiankang road in the north, Yaojia Lane in theEast and Sifu Lane in the West. Although the Confucius Temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. By the end of the QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. The present ConfuciusTemple is partly rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. Please look back. This pavilion style building is called KuixingPavilion. It was first built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.

Now we come to the square in front of the temple opened up in the QingDynasty. There are two steles standing at the East and West ends of the square,about one foot high, on which are engraved two words in Manchu and Chinese:"Minister of culture and military dismounts here", which shows respect for thesage Confucius. The pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the left iscalled "star gathering Pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talents are gathered. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli inthe Ming Dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of Tongzhi inthe Qing Dynasty (1869). This is the only Qing Dynasty building that survivedthe Japanese artillery fire. Unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. The memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "Tianxia Wenshu archway". Please continue tofollow me. This gate is called Lingxing gate, which is the gate of ConfuciusTemple. It is said that TA Xing is the star in charge of education in the sky.He is convenient and happy. The gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. It was built in 1480, the 16th year of Chenghua in the MingDynasty. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. However, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. The East and west sides of the gate are the Eastand West markets.

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篇20:2024南京夫子庙导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2895 字

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古时立学必祀奉孔子,其各地的孔庙,属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学,和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部,或偏于一侧。

南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。

一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场,棂星门前设以半圆形水池,称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制,源自于周礼,而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池,是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏,有“天下文枢”牌坊,游人至此可凭栏小憩,浏览秦淮河风光。

夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸,建于明万历三年(1575年),全长110米,为中国照壁之最。

泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1520xx年所建,现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁,西有聚星亭,象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱,上书“文武大臣至此下马”,以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座,牌坊后面为“棂星门”,系丈余高石牌坊,六柱三门,中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕,柱头皆有云雕,形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道,非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。

街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊,民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角,夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。

棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成,石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕,中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字,造型朴实无华。

入棂星门,东西两侧各有持敬门,中间为大成门,又称戟门。在封建时代,每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典,府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进,士子走持敬门,不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀,东西并立三碑,东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑,西为四亚圣碑,再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑,外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。

正中是为“大成殿”,外有露台,是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地,三面环以石栏,四角设有紫铜燎炉,燃桐油火炬,祭祀多在午夜子时,光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”,左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。

明清时代的大成门为五间,两侧为耳房,供执事人等休息之用,中为三门,门内陈列戟,东设鼓,西置磬,每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典,府县官员由大成门(中门)进,士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间,门内正中有汉白玉屏风,上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”,树立四块古碑,其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。

入大成门循甬道丹墀而上,便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的,取消了原孔庙的后墙,使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间,高18米,重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位,两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像,两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台,四周绕以石栏板,它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连,原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒,及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊,墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。

孔庙院墙与学宫之间,东西北三面有宽畅的通道,曾种植几百棵柏树,古木参天,郁郁苍苍。那时,在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望,大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌,雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”,相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书,后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”,阁原为教谕讲课讲堂,楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。

清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建,恢复旧貌。然而,孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后,原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场,“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大革命”中,剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年,政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群,主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。

夫子庙两侧的东西市场,原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门,门前有坊,上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊,坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁,原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举,兴学堂,学宫遂渐衰落,祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等,学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场,东西市场的名称便从那时开始。

现东西市场于1987年建成,总建筑面积为4400平方米,吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度,采用明清时代的街市风格,以石板铺地,店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙,回廊挂落花格窗”,店、庙、市、街合一,富有浓郁的地方特色。

尊经阁在明德堂后,始建于明嘉靖年间,原为上下两层各五间,清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院,楼上藏书,楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层,18.7米,重檐丁字脊歇山顶,底层五间,二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”,二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”,三层备有茶座,可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。

位于学宫东侧的“贡院”,始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所,范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵,集乡试、会试于此,考生众多,不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建,贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1420xx年)成祖迁都北京,但此地仍为江南乡试所在地,清承明制,一如其旧,道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火,贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建,范围更大,考棚号舍有2万余间,居中国各省之冠。

当时贡院东起今姚家巷,南至贡院东等和贡院街,西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望,北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形,内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间,一人一间,每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。

大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座,即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊,轴线上有门三道,分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。

龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门,门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘,飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂,是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严,不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙,墙外为街道,街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1920xx年)废科举后,贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院,开辟市场,只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。

明远楼始建于明永乐年间,清道光年间重建。平面正方形,三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙,各开有圆拱门,四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶,梁柱交织,四面皆窗。登临四顾,整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆,展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片,并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻,现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧,它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。

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