北京故宫导游词作文实用20篇

大家好，欢迎你们来到北京玩，我叫黄乐韵，是你们的导游，你们叫我黄导或小黄都可以。

北京有许多举世闻名的景点，如：天安门，长城，紫禁城，天坛，北海公园，颐和园……今天我们要去的是紫禁城，紫禁城也叫故宫。于明代永乐十八年（公元1420年）建成，是明和清两代的皇宫，是无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，是世界现存最大，最完整的木质结构的古代建群。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现辟为“故宫博物院”。自明代皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后，决定迁都北京，即开始紫禁城宫殿，至明乐十八年落成。故宫占地72平方米，建筑面积约15平方米，共有殿宇8707间，被誉为五大宫之首。故宫都是木砖结构，黄琉璃瓦顶，青白石底座饰以金碧辉煌的彩绘，显得异常的华贵。我今天就说到这，待会你们可以尽情的拍照和买纪念品留念。

注意，不要到危险的地方去玩，要照顾好自己的小孩，5点准时回来集合去吃饭，祝你们玩得开心！

教师点评：文章简洁清晰，导游词的格式也尽显其中，好。但最后的提醒没有要求大家做文明游客，可惜。

十渡风景区位于北京市房山区西南，是中国北方唯一一处大规模喀斯特岩溶地貌。十渡风景区是中国国家AAAA景区和世界地质公园。十渡风景区是大清河支流拒马河切割太行山脉北端而形成的一条河谷，全程约20公里。由于在历史上这条河谷中一共有十个渡过拒马河的摆渡渡口，故而得名“十渡”。现在公路已经修入河谷，这十处渡口早已改建为漫水桥(现在都是高架桥)没有真正的渡口了，但是十渡的名字却一直沿用至今。目前十渡风景区共规划出了十八个渡。

十渡从地理位置上讲，处于北纬39度5——39度6与115度3——115度8之间，总面积301平方千米，是北京市的自然风景区(长宽距离)。东起一渡村，西至大沙地(17渡)，北到三清洞，南至高粱山。东西长约40公里，南北最宽处25公里。

北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山，其宽有四五十米，大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面，墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山，峭壁直立，象刀切似的，足有几十丈高，“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡，大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带，曲曲弯弯，山不转水转，仿佛永无尽头，每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石，有的像出鞘的剑，有的像举起的大锤，有的像昂首的虎，有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。

两边的崖岸之上，有镇山如来、石熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石，堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇，又兼有江南的秀丽，可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的142019年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!

我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

沿普贤殿石阶而下，至七佛殿右侧，是峨眉山佛教协会，再下至大雄殿右侧，为新建的“祗园”，是接待国内外佛教团体和讲经的地方。通过隔墙圆门，便是“花影亭”，里面有池有亭，有珍贵的花木。步入其中，劳倦顿清，心静神安。再步出弥勒殿前，左有1993年新建的钟楼、法物流通处，右有鼓楼和茶园。整个寺庙系典型的庭院建筑，占地60余亩，一院一景，层层深入，蔚为壮观。佛教协会的许多大型法会都在这里举行。这里接待过许多党和国家领导人以及外国名人、佛教团体。报国寺给他们留下了深刻的印象。现在请随我到对面的凤堡钟亭参观。

这里叫凤凰堡，凤凰堡周围碑刻群列，有《我眉山全景图》、《般若波罗密心经》、康有为书的《十里桃花》、刘光弟书李白的《听蜀僧浚弹琴》。还有何绍基、赵熙等名人的墨迹。沿之字形坡道上去，便见红柱六角重檐钟亭，亭额悬“圣积晚钟”横匾。“圣积晚钟”原为“峨眉山十景”之一。今圣积寺已不存在，里面的铜钟是明代嘉靖年间别传禅师募资铸造。高2.3米，唇径2米，唇厚10厘米，重12.5吨，钟唇为12缺荷叶形。该钟曾悬挂在南门外的圣积寺内。早晚撞击，声音宏亮，半夜撞击，15公里内也能听见。佛教认为钟声可以“警醒顽愚”。听见钟声可以自我反省，检讨自己的过失，规正自己的行为。所以寺里的钟颇有讲究。这口铜钟便是峨眉山的佼佼者，被誉为“巴蜀钟王”，是一件很珍贵的文物。好了，现在请游客们前去伏虎寺参观。

十渡风景名胜区位于北京西南部，距市区70余公里，辖区面积301平方公里，是华北地区唯一以岩溶峰林、峰丛、河谷地貌为特色的自然风景区。 十渡景区山奇水秀，谷壁峭立，峰林叠翠、石美潭深、景致幽胜，众誉“青山野渡、百里画廊”。十渡山水，四季如画。初春杨柳吐翠，绿染河川;盛夏峰峦叠嶂，碧水如云;深秋柿坠枝头，红叶似锦;寒冬冰河如镜，峰岭披银。宛若一幅泼墨山水，尽显一派北国风光。十渡负氧离子含量极高，每CM3达7000-10000个，素有“自然空调、天然氧仓”之称。

景区内有蹦极、攀岩等36个旅游项目，18处水面娱乐中心，10大集吃住游于一体的自然景区。先后被国家计委列为小城镇经济综合开发示范区、市级风景名胜区、市级优秀景区、文明景区、北京市唯一的旅游专业镇、北京市农业结构调整示范镇、国家体育训练总局攀岩、蹦极训练比赛基地、全国青少年地质科考夏令营基地，并顺利通过国家旅游局AAA级景区评定，被国土资源部批准为国家地质公园,被市园林局评为市级先进风景名胜区，连续4年被评为市级文明景区，荣获“全市旅游安全先进单位”等称号。

十渡，从千河口到十渡村，沿途在拒马河上要过桥渡水十次，"十渡"因此得名。1986年被评为北京十六景中的第八景，1999年被评为北京市首批风景名胜区。景区内有孤山寨、仙峰谷、万景仙沟、南方大峡谷、普渡山庄、平西抗日烈士陵园、仙栖洞、天池山、西湖港、五星峡谷10个景点;有拒马乐园、九渡漂流、八渡划船场、六渡划船场、清江九龙潭等娱乐点，可提供蹦极跳、悬崖跳伞、索道、攀岩、滑翔飞翼、漂流、脚踏船、皮划艇、冲浪车、摩托艇、沙滩浴场、游泳、骑马等多项娱乐项目;能提供行、游、住、食、购、娱一条龙服务。

十渡风景区是距首都最近、北方独特、华北地区最大、最典型的岩溶峰林峡谷，有天然石佛、飞来石、一线天、龙山“佛”字、水往高处流、石中石等12大地质奇观，享有“青山野渡，百里画廊”之美誉。拒马河蜿蜒迂回，穿山而过，宛如一条玉带，与峰林映衬，相得益彰。山水景物既有中国北方之雄奇，又有江南水乡之柔媚。1986年被评为北京新十六景之一，1999年被评为北京市首批风景名胜区。 十渡风景区，在房山区从张坊至平峪的山间拒马河谷之中，离京城90公里。拒马河为大清河的支流，从太行山奔泻而来，至此拐了十几道弯，形成了10个各具特色的景观渡口而故名。此段河床时宽时窄，两岸峭壁奇峰连绵，翠峰倒映，水动山摇，山水奇丽，极富诗情画意，自古有40里画廊之称，被誉为北国的桂林漓江风光。十渡有主要景点20余处，一渡在东头的张坊，这里山青水秀，景色清丽。顺流而下即是二至六渡，沿岸山岩如削，各具秀色，主景有石笋峰、笔架山、千尺窗等。从七至十渡一带，群峰如林，江河似锦，山水风光最为雄奇壮美。著名景观有石人峰、龙山大“佛”字、望佛台、石门、棒糙岩及跳水台等，令人美不胜数，留连观瞻。这里有一大水湾，河水湍急，水声悦耳，潭深莫测，鱼群活跃，有时甲鱼爬上岸晒太阳，更富浓烈野趣。

十渡山山石奇峰险，渡渡水清景美，峰、石、峡、水、洞、溪、潭景景相映，正是三步一景五步一画绘出百里画廊，百米一桥千米一渡构成十渡风光。十渡山水，四季如画，处处是景。初春百花争艳，香溢山川;盛夏群峰叠翠，碧波荡漾;深秋红叶似锦，柿坠枝头;寒冬山岭披银，冰河如镜。恰似一幅绝妙的山水画卷。十渡风景区重要组成部分就是拒马河，它蜿蜒迂回、穿山而过，宛如一条玉带，与山峰映衬，相得益彰，是北方少见的喀斯特地貌景观，景区内山青水秀、环境幽美。人们感叹：“早知有十渡，何必下江南”。十渡峡谷曲流回转，湾阔水深，渡渡可乘舟划船，青山野渡风韵如画，渡渡有名，渡渡立标。

十渡山水秀丽，早在1500多年前北魏郦道元在其中就有详细描述。清朝乾隆皇帝数次来此寻游，每游必即兴写诗，房山县志中就有乾隆皇帝的诗赋八首。此引其中之一首为例：“潦水尽寒潭，横桥渡六骖。渚烟宜画染，旅景与诗谙。岸苇白无力，崖枫丹欲甜。遥源何处是，重垒缋云岚。”明代荣国公姚广孝、傅若金等历史名人都曾以拒马河为名写过十渡赞美诗赋。自1978年十渡开发旅游以来，中央和北京市重要领导人多次来十渡考察观光。

美丽的山水风光也成为电影外景拍摄的理想之地，先后有《五个少林拳》、《战争插曲》、《盖世英雄》、《大路朝天》、《西楚霸王》、《戏说乾隆》、《武则天》、《三国演义》、《张铁匠浪漫史》、《流泪的红蜡烛》、《大地之子》、《白求恩大夫》、《天与地》、《东周列国》、《西游记》、《碧雪青天杨家将》、《孔雀公主》、《小放牛》、《侠义英雄》、《仙鹤神珍》、《山乡》、《诱僧》、《天龙八部》、《萧十一郎》等近百部电影、电视和广告在此拍摄外景。

十渡风景区内的文物古迹众多，如古城址、古炮台、古建筑、古地道、古战场、摩崖石刻等及近代革命活动遗址及有纪念意义的纪念馆，六壮士纪念碑、赵然墓等区级文物保护单位，平西抗日烈士陵园被列为全国爱国主义教育基地。这些历史遗迹对于增强人们对祖国大好河山的热爱和保护有着重要意义，同时也具有珍贵的文学艺术、历史教育价值。十渡还有丰富的民俗文化，有关老人脸、一线天、蝙蝠山、石人峰等景观来历都有许多脍炙人口的民间传说，同时还有丰富的风土人情及独具特色的饮食文化，也有颇具地方和民族特色的山寨和民居等。 平西抗日战争纪念馆

平西抗日战争纪念馆座落在北京市房山区十渡。这里青山野渡、百里画廊、山明水净、风景秀丽，是闻名中外的国家级风景游览区。

1985年，曾长期在平西战斗过的萧克、杨成武、肖文玖等老将军和李德仲、陆平等老同志倡议，在十渡建立平西抗日烈士陵园，以永远缅怀抗日战争期间在平西牺牲的先烈。1985年10月2日在十渡拒马河畔卧龙山之上，建立了“平西抗日烈士纪念碑”。在党和政府的亲切关怀下和社会各界人士的真情关爱下，经过20xx年的辛勤建设，平西抗日烈士陵园已经发展成为拥有平西抗日烈士纪念碑、无名烈士纪念地、烈士碑林、平西抗日战争纪念馆等占地近50000平方米的著名烈士纪念性建筑。

在纪念抗日战争胜利60周年之际，投资近20xx0万元、总建筑面积4350平方米的平西抗日战争纪念馆新馆落成。纪念馆里陈列着实物、照片、文字等珍贵的史料，集中反映了抗战时期平西军民在党的领导下不屈不挠、英勇斗争的伟大精神和众志成城、前赴后继的革命气概，向世人展示着一幅幅血与火的历史画卷。

“青山有幸埋忠骨”。距离平西抗日烈士陵园约20华里的“无名烈士墓”，高山耸立，青柏苍翠，埋葬着抗日战争时期牺牲在这里的无法查据姓名的先烈忠骨。

平西抗日烈士陵园建园以来，利用难得的史料遗迹，宣传平西军民的英雄气概和伟大精神，使前来瞻仰参观的社会各界群众受到了难得的爱国主义和革命传统教育。20xx年来，已先后接待来自全国各地的瞻仰参观者愈百万人;近百所大、中、小学在这里建立了“德育教育基地”。平西抗日烈士陵园先后被国务院、民政部、北京市人民政府授予“全国爱国主义教育基地”、“全国烈士纪念建筑物管理工作先进单位”、“国防教育基地”和“青少年教育基地”等荣誉称号。

平西抗日烈士陵园

平西抗日烈士陵园位于北京西南约百公里的房山区十渡地区。在抗日战争时期，曾是北平西部地区著名的抗日根据地——平西抗日根据地，是晋察冀抗日根据地的重要组成部分。它是连接敌占区与晋察冀边区的一条重要通道，许多青年学生、爱国志士和国际友人从这里奔向根据地和延安，奔向各个抗日战场。有多少短缺的军需民用物资，秘密地从敌占区经这里运往边区，有多少我党的干部从这里深入敌占区开辟了地下工作的阵地，它是晋察冀边区的北部屏障，抵御着敌人的疯狂“扫荡”，也是我军挺进冀东，开辟平北的前进阵地，游击战争提供了坚持和发展的有利条件。为平北地区的开辟先后派出干部、武工队和挺进军主力;邻近的冀中十分区也曾以这里的崇山峻岭为它的后方基地。在八年的艰苦抗战的岁月里，平西与兄弟地区血肉相连，互相帮助，互相支援，顽强不屈地巍然屹立在华北大地。 平西抗日根据地军民不但在抗日战争中为保卫华北、保卫晋察冀、保卫延安的党中央做出了贡献，为保卫平西这块土地、保卫平西人民也付出了重大牺牲，更为解放全华北、收复东北、解放全中国做出了重大贡献。为了缅怀抗日战争在平西牺牲的无数革命先烈，在平西抗日根据地生活战斗多年的萧克、杨成武、李德仲等一大批老将军、老领导倡议下，于1985年在房山县十渡卧龙山上修建了平西抗日烈士纪念碑，作为平西抗日根据地的纪念地，传播和弘扬民族精神，接受爱国主义和革命传统教育，激励后人奋进。

峰林峡谷景观沿拒马河两岸的峡谷地带，出露的基岩几乎都是中元古界雾迷山组遂口条带及遂石团块状白云岩，属可溶性盐岩层，是形成岩溶地貌的基础。本区上奥陶纪(距今4.5亿年)以前，大约十几亿年的历史为古海洋所占据，形成一套巨厚的海相沉积。奥陶纪之后本区隆起为陆，经过晚古生代和中生代的长期隆起、抬升、侵蚀，又经过新生代的强烈构造运动、差异性升降运动的影响，以及河流强烈侵蚀下切和各种流水溶蚀作用，形成崖壁陡峭、峰丛林立、奇峰异石遍布、洞穴景观奇特的地貌形态，有较深的地质文化魅力。

1、地表岩溶地貌 地表岩溶地貌主要发育在拒马河河谷两侧，由产状平缓的中元古界雾迷山组碳酸盐岩地层形成的峰丛、峰林、孤峰、平顶山、谷地组合型岩溶地貌，是北方地区少见的规模较大的岩溶景观。最典型的有笔架山、蝙蝠山、龙山、虎山、麒麟山、童子山等山峰及其它自然优美的山体，都是保护的重点。

2、地下岩溶洞穴

地下岩溶洞穴是本景区重要的地质遗迹之一。它集中分布在景区的北部东关上、王老铺、栗元厂、六合村和西太平，呈北西—南东方向展布，为一长约16公里、宽约4公里的岩溶洞穴带。绝大多数洞穴赋存于中元古界蓟县系铁岭组地层内，只有西太平洞穴赋存在上元古界青白口系景儿峪组灰岩中。这些成群出现的岩溶洞穴形态独特，成因不同，景观有别。区内洞穴大致有三种成因类型：第一种是东关上落水洞，其深246米，洞底面积近10000M2，形成大厅式洞穴，故称“龙仙宫”;第二种是由地下河冲刷侵蚀作用形成的具有双层结构的长700米的三清地下大峡谷;第三种溶蚀洞穴，由各种化学沉积作用形成的堪称地下艺术殿堂的仙栖洞。

3、拒马河谷地及河流阶地

拒马河不仅是景区唯一的地表水资源，而且在景区内形成许多重要的地质遗迹，如四渡和仙龙岛等地保存完好的河漫滩、阶地，西石门附近的离堆山及古河道等，它们是景区景点的重要组成部分。

4、海相沉积遗迹

在距今8—14亿年间，景区是一片汪洋大海。经过长达6亿年的沉积，形成了巨厚的富镁硅碳酸盐岩，在这些碳酸盐岩中，含有丰富的藻类生物化石—叠层石。叠层石在景区内分布广泛，类型多样，具有重要的科研、科普、教学和观赏价值。另外，在海洋沉积的过程中，由于气候环境等变化，形成并保留了许多很有价值的地质现象，如沉积波痕、交错层理、风暴岩、硅质条带、硅质团块(石中石)等。最典型的叠层石分布在普渡山庄、孤山寨、东湖港、六合山庄等地;典型的石中石在孤山寨、东湖港和六合山庄等都有很好的出露。

5、构造形迹

由于受区域营力作用和构造运动的影响，岩石中褶皱、裂隙非常发育。有张性裂隙、X节理、棋盘格构造、劈理构造、复式褶皱、挤压破碎带、牵引构造、层间小型揉皱等比比皆是。最典型的有孤山寨的“一线天”(张性裂隙)、七渡褶皱构造、六合山庄挤压破碎带等地质构造形迹和化石产地。

景点

区内有孤山寨、仙峰谷、万景仙沟、南方大峡谷、普渡山庄、平西抗日烈士陵园、仙栖洞、天池山、西湖港、五星峡谷10个景点;有拒马乐园、九渡漂流、八渡划船场、六渡划船场、清江九龙潭等娱乐点。

十渡国家地公园：十渡国家地质公园坐落在北京市房山区西南部、拒马河中上游，东西长25公里，南北宽12公里，面积301平方公里。地质公园以奔腾的拒马河为依托，以两岸典型的峰林、峰丛、岩溶洞穴等喀斯特景观为主体，集合了丰富的构造形迹、海相沉积遗迹和厚重的历史文化景观。这里有独特的地质背景和优美的自然环境，是一处集旅游观光、休闲度假、科普教育于一体的多功能国家地质公园。

十渡民俗风情苑：“十渡民俗风情苑”是十渡“国家地质公园”内的新建亮丽景点之一，它位于北京市房山区十渡镇内，距镇政府所在地不过百米，京原铁路、高等级公路贯通全境，交通十分便利。民俗风情苑的地理位置也十分优越，它坐北朝南，依山傍水，阳光充足，既有平地，又有高山，占地近四百亩，面河靠山。河两岸高山耸立，山上怪石磷峋。

葡萄园度假山庄：葡萄园山庄坐落在十渡风景名胜区的七渡，因具有五十余亩葡萄养殖基地而得名。山庄四周群山环绕，重叠的山峦，郁郁葱葱的草木尽收眼底，特殊的自然环境，形成了独特的小气候，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，吸引着人们纷至沓来。如诗如画的佳境曾引来无数新老客户的青睐。

太平猴山生态景区：北京十渡太平猴山生态景区坐落在被誉为“青山野渡，百里画廊”的十渡国家地质公园景区内的西太平村。这里群山环绕，地势险要，泉水涓涓，植被丰茂。太平猴山内远有十万年前古生物生活遗址及众多生动传说，近有肖克将军的抗日根据地和许多鲜为人知的故事，更有石猴赏月、猩猩观溪、凤凰开屏、玉女峰等天成之作。

东湖港：东湖港自然风景区，位于十渡国家地质公园(十五渡)，与野三坡毗邻，距北京市区106公里，是绿色旅游和度假的胜地，享有“北方小华山”的美誉。经铁索桥进入景区，翠绿的檀林，蜿蜒的千年古藤遍布整个峡谷，古老而神秘。奇特的“三叠瀑布”水流分三叠落差，直流急下，瀑水入潭击石飞溅。

西湖港：西湖港自然风景区!这里不仅有桂林的奇山秀水，更有清泉峭岩之景，飞瀑叠翠之貌。北宋年间的范仲淹曾赞誉到：“丹峰翠壁相辉映，纵有王维画不如。”“一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途”，一座铁索桥横跨拒马河，铁索桥入口处百米码头与天然石舫遥相呼应。两岸绿树葱郁，金沙泛光，山湖一色。

拒马乐园：拒马乐园是十渡自然风景区景色最好、娱乐项目最集中、游客最多、品位最高的景区，也是被誉为“十渡蹦极、神州第一”中国第一座蹦极所在地。它横跨八渡的麒麟山于拒马河之间，山水环抱，现已形成集山上、山下、水上、空中于一体的大型综合游乐园，主要有碧莹水上游乐场、石佛馆、索道、甭急、峡谷飞人、滑翔飞翼等景区景点。

碧莹水上游乐场：碧莹水上游乐场位于十渡风景名胜区九渡村境内，水域面积200亩，水面长度1300米，平均宽度100米，平均深度0.8米，经培训合格的救生员随时在水上巡逻，确保游客的安全。碧莹水上游乐场四面环山，水流缓慢，水质清湛，微风轻拂，碧波荡漾，丝丝涟漪，与两岸悬崖断壁、绿柳茵茵构成了一幅绝妙的山水画。

万景仙沟：万景仙沟自然风景区位于十渡风景区九渡村南，是十渡旅游风景区中三大美峡之一，沟内有两条支谷和数条须谷，一条支谷向南直通笛子庵与孤山寨毗邻一条支谷向西,直边笔架山,沟内山奇石怪,泉清潭碧,有杏劈石、镇龟石、神猴峰、镇狐石、无字碑、织锦台、笔架山等奇妙景观20余处。

孤山寨：孤山寨自然风景区是造福人类大自然孕育出一个人间胜景。它位于十渡风景名胜区得七渡村村南，因三座孤立的山峰而得名，峡谷长约10公里，峡谷蜿蜒，山石奇异，瀑布飞鸣，以“野、奇、幽、奥“而著称。漫游孤山寨，两侧山峰林立，怪石嶙峋，越是向里走，山势越险峻，峡谷越窄，植被越丰茂，景致越优美，峡谷最窄处仅有5米宽。

六渡碧波园：六渡碧波园度假村是十渡的一颗璀璨的明珠。它位于七渡孤山寨的对面，水域广阔，面积达300多亩。碧波泛舟，您可欣赏十渡独特的风光，群山环抱，高山峻岭倒映水中，神奇迷离。南侧是陡峭石壁、高耸入云;北侧是细沙连滩，轻托碧水，人游水面，鱼翔浅底，整个碧波园充满着诗情画意。

仙峰谷：仙峰谷是十渡地区五渡桥东南的一条景色优美的峡谷。该谷北邻拒马河，内含景观丰富，年接待游客数万人，谷内奇石林立、水碧潭深、山高峰陡、云雾缥缈，置身于其中，颇有进入仙境之感。仙峰谷以“仙”字著称。“仙泉把谷口;水往高处流;巨石远来客;驼峰自然秀。”为仙峰谷四奇景观。踏进仙峰谷，一泉六瀑十二潭，处处见水流。

“天堑”一线天：一线天是地质上的断层裂隙，这条巨缝长达65米，高35米-45米，宽1米-1.5米,最窄处仅0.6-0.7米，一人通过两壁擦肩，进入巨缝凉爽宜人，抬头仰望只见一线蓝天，是华北地区最大的一线天，堪称地质奇观。两侧山岩奇异，岩石表面有轻微溶蚀，略有凹凸不平，在细小缝隙中有类似石钟乳的沉淀形态，因为雨水的渗入和溶蚀，在两壁岩石面上出现斑驳的沉积和侵蚀痕迹，如壁画，似崖刻，有的形如飞禽走兽，有的如树木花草，也有的似云霞如波涛，千姿百态，美不胜收，更增加了这一奇观的神秘感。 仙峰谷“飞来石”：该石长5米，高3米，宽3米，其所在的河床和两侧山坡、山峰的出露基岩皆为中元古界蓟县雾迷山组遂石条带白云岩，而该石同则与之不同，它是由很多棱角状石块胶结而成，且火遂石成分含量较高，称为同生角砾石。在地质上，把远地而来与所在地基岩性质不同的岩石称为飞来石。这块飞来石的形成在中生代以前距今2.5亿年之前，至此处安家落落至少也有200万年的历史了，它的形成和来历是一部复杂的地质历史纪录，是开展科普教育重要的实物标本。

“同圆藻”化石：这块巨石是中元古界蓟县系时代的古海洋中藻类繁生，在碳酸盐沉积过程中形成的化石。在这种叠层石化中，因藻类种属繁多，常见的平面形态常具有同心圆的构造，故又叫同圆藻化石，眼前这块化石是在大约距今11-13亿年前形成的，高7米，宽6米，厚约2米，形态完整，化石连片，结构清楚，层面构造在众多同圆藻化石中非常典型，是罕见的地质奇观。

千古河床“石中石”：在距今14-10亿年前，这里为浅海环境，当时气候潮湿炎热，际地上的大量碳酸钙、碳酸镁被水溶解带到海洋中沉淀，形成石灰岩或白云岩，同时陆地上的二氧化硅也以胶体的形式被一团一团的带到海洋中，并随海洋里正在沉积的石灰岩和白云岩一起沉积，就形成了现在这种在岩石中包裹着的一个一个圆形、椭圆形的似爪状的石块。这石块比包围它的基岩硬度大，颜色也略暗些，故称这一景观为石中石。这种海洋中两种不同物质同时沉积形成的岩石，具有很高的观赏和科普价值。

神秘的龙山"佛"字：十渡有座龙山，在它上边一块直上直下的崖壁上，有一个苍劲有力的“佛”字，高3米多，宽约2米，远看则清，近看则蒙;雨后则真，平日则虚。这个“佛”字完全是自然形成的，是水沿岩石的节理裂隙面溶蚀风化后形成的痕迹。龙山的岩石属白云岩，白云岩可被含有二氧化碳的水溶蚀，所以在有裂隙的地方，当有雨水渗入时就发生表面溶蚀。由于裂隙面的不平整、不均匀，有的地方溶蚀较重，在同一岩层面上也有颜色深浅的变化，往往形成各种花斑、不规则的图案，致于它能形成“佛”字形态，那完全是偶然、巧合，被称为世界自然奇观。

天然石佛：平峪村一位羊倌，在跌下数十丈深的山涧后，发现崖壁脚下有一个形象逼真的石佛，双手腹前交叉自然而立，五官俱全，眉须分明。经专家鉴定，这是一大自然奇石，它是由上水石挟杂钟乳石碎块堆积而成的像形石。石人身上长满了青苔，且在“嘴”下、眉上等凹陷部位生长少许青草，颇似胡须和长眉，身上的青苔像衣服，头部五官部位是没长青草的裸露部分，是不上水的钟乳石碎块被胶结，两臂和手也是钟乳石碎块。石人原位于峭壁下面，从石灰岩缝隙中渗出的含碳酸钙水溶液，因水压减低和温度降低，使溶液中碳酸钙发生沉淀，在上水石堆积过程中也掺进崩落下来的钟乳石碎块，因其形成在阴暗潮湿的地方，故上面长满青苔，它能形成直立人形，完全是各种因素共同作用下的自然巧合，是一个罕见的自然奇观。

七渡“太阳升”：在河岸的悬崖壁上，岩层呈清楚的半圆形隆起，一层一层的石灰岩以同心状叠置，在垂直于半圆方向上发生一系列裂隙，如发自圆心的辐射线，从七渡桥西面隔河远望，好像刚刚升起的太阳，放射着光芒，故称这一景观为“太阳升”。此景观是岩层褶曲现象，在地质学科上称为背斜构造，它是地壳上升隆起产生的地层褶曲，岩石向上凸起的部分形态称为背斜，向下凹曲的岩层形态称为向斜。背斜、向斜构造在野外是常见的现象，但是像这样完整圆滑，又有如此形象的放射性裂隙，实在是典型、罕见，堪称地质奇观

龟寿山：在眼前的状似大三角形的山峰上，由上至下，有无数高起的石块，形像乌龟，大小不等，在沿着斜边向下爬行，象是要爬下山峰，到河中饮水，故称此山为龟寿山。

王老铺的“三清洞”：从六渡向北，在王老铺村西约1公里处的坡脚下有一个溶洞，当地称为三清洞。洞穴已测部分600米长。洞内是单一的溶蚀景观，基本没有石钟乳等化学堆积。但是洞体规模宏大，侵蚀、溶蚀形态十分奇特，多为成排分布的窝穴状、钟罩状溶蚀圆坑。有的窝穴形态奇特、巨大、互相连通，像人工开凿的一排排石窟，像天花板上的灯罩，像满天繁星，真是鬼斧神工，令人惊叹称绝。洞穴景观与石花洞、银狐洞、云水洞等截然不同，它是一种奇特的溶洞景观类型，不仅具有很高的观赏价值，而且具有很高的科学价值。它的发现和开发将为首都人民提供一处新型的溶洞旅游景点，为岩溶科研、科普开辟一处理想园地。

蝙蝠山：在十渡，有三峰叠翠，错落有致，高低跌荡的壮丽景观，形似一只巨大的蝙蝠，伸展着阔大的翅膀，在茫茫云霄下翩翩起舞，永不知疲倦地迎接着四面八方的游人。传说以前，人们夜里逃避洪水来到小山丘，但是人们发现水位上升，小山丘也往上长，两侧各伸出一膊，人们离地面越来越高。洪水退去之后，人们惊讶发现是一只黑色的蝙蝠救了他们，那小山丘是蝙蝠的头，两肢是它的翅膀，故把这座形似蝙蝠的山称为蝙蝠山。

仙栖洞：在十渡屏幕山旅游区西南约两公里的山腰上有一股清泉，名叫黑牛水。泉水出口直径约50厘米，常年流淌不止，水量很大。当地人曾用六寸抽水泵抽水2个月，未曾抽干过。70年代当地村民挖了一个容量5000立方米的蓄水池，用它浇灌山下百余亩梯田、果树。在历史上少有的大旱之年，水量也不见减少。经过有关专家多次勘察，认为地下可能为一大型充水溶洞，为开发旅游，当地人于1998年投资开凿岩洞，这座被尘封了亿万年的艺术殿堂，于1999年终于展现在人们面前，命名为“仙栖洞”。本溶洞发育在奥陶纪厚层灰岩地层中，已探深度超过3000米，仍未尽头。洞内厅堂深遂广布，暗河纵漫无源，多色种乳群现，大量钟乳石造型奇绝、精妙、玲珑，令人叹为观止，不禁称绝，堪称地下艺术天堂，已命名的景观如仙栖神堂、白塔流苏、仙栖飞瀑、仙塔寻根、百纳神针、龟寿延年、五彩玉帘、仙栖来客、琼浆玉液酿瑶池等近百处。特别是该洞入口为水洞，划船400米水路，再登陆观景，这在华北地区是少见的，其水路长度(在北方)仅次于本溪水洞。这是北京地区继石花洞穴后又一大型溶洞，有些景观可与石花洞比美，其水景可与石花洞互补。信步于洞内尤如与尘世隔绝，恍若来至仙境。这真是大自然在20世纪末赐给人类的造化宝库。 九脸画山：山峰的崖壁上，有一张张栩栩如生的人脸。这些脸随着太阳光线的变化而变化，有时看象少女，有时看象老人，有时看象顽童。这些生动的人脸，并不是人工巧匠雕凿而成，而是大自然天然形成，在大脸的周围还有许多小脸，最多者可看出九个脸，故称九脸画山。

十渡

一渡：在东头的张坊，这里山青水秀，景色清丽。 二渡：过了二渡渡桥，能看见千河口的五指山，此山因形如如来佛的五指而得名，在这一带的山坡上，遍地都是山石盆景原料“上水石”,可随意采集。

三渡：过了三渡桥，映入眼帘的是南方大峡谷，峡谷中有古朴典雅的古代城楼、千奇百怪的山峰，构成了一派江南风光，因此称为江南大峡谷。、、等几十部影片都是在这里拍摄的，不过进峡谷需花门票钱。

三渡的另一个著名景点是穆柯寨。穆柯寨位于南方大峡谷西部拒马河南岸的一条峡谷中，这里曾是辽宋古战场。传说是女英雄穆桂英当年占山为王时的山寨遗址，也是穆家的后人世代繁衍生息的地方，沿山路，进入层层寨门，可想见当年雄姿。这里有聚义厅、练武场、点将台、射箭场、迷魂阵、天门镇图等建筑可供观赏。

四渡：四渡的清江九龙潭风景区以沙滩浴场和千尺窗一线天峡谷为依托，峰林秀丽，河水碧清。这里的沙滩浴场除了可以游泳外，还有游船可供游玩，山上建有速降项目可供游人娱乐。

五渡：五渡最著名的景点是仙峰谷，这是由拒马河水在山间冲刷出来的一条小裂缝。山下建有娱乐城，可供午餐和娱乐。水中有游船，岸边有马队，是一处比较清幽的地方。

六渡：六渡主要是沙滩浴场，这里河滩平缓，水清沙细，是十渡风景画廊上一处极好的休闲场所，特别适合儿童嬉戏，附近景区有石人嶂峡谷。

七渡：孤山寨为七渡村南的一条风景沟谷，沟中的一线天长300米，高百米，是北京地区迄今为止发现的“一线天”之最。沟谷中的河床为完整的岩石基底，大都不见碎石和裂隙，沿河床可见到书页状页岩、叠层石、同源包裹体等多种地址奇观，被地质学家选定为地址科普旅游的示范基地。七渡中还有风动石景区，并建有飞降娱乐项目。

八渡：八渡以奇峰、秀水著称，有滨河公园、石笋峰、望佛堂等景点。

九渡：九渡是十渡的旅游中心，这里不仅有整个十渡地区最大的水面，更有十渡地区最多的宾馆、最多的娱乐项目：北京市最早的蹦极跳台建在水面的小山上，水中各种游船(包括香蕉船、水上自行车、电动船等)应有尽有。

十渡：十渡是游人乘京原线火车进入风景区的出入口，附近景点有罗圈湖、洞中天、塔山仙池、石门、牛影洞、览胜峰狐狸脸等。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游___

集世界名胜于一体的北京世界公园，位于北京丰台区花乡大堡台，总面积46.7公顷，距市中心16公里，距北京西客站8公里，紧邻花乡森林公园。

北京世界公园是由丰台区政府与花乡乡政府共同投资1.5亿元兴建的。公园1991年破土动工，经过建设者们18个月的共同努力奋战，高速度地建成了这座以“不出国门，周游世界”为建设意图的世界公园，并于1993年10月1日正式向游人开放。

公园整体布局按照五大洲版图划分景区，以世界上40个国家的109处著名古迹名胜的微缩景点为主体，荟萃了世界上最著名的埃及金字塔、法国埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、美国白宫、国会大厦、林肯纪念堂、澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院等建筑，以及意大利式、日本式花园等。公园内设东欧、西欧、北欧、北美、南美、非洲、大洋洲、西亚、东亚、南亚等17个景区，水系分布按照四大洋的形状连通全园。园内的雕塑、雕刻有近百件，自由女神、尿童、丹麦美人鱼、大卫、维纳斯、肖邦、莫扎特等人物，精雕细琢，栩栩如生。园内设有激光喷泉、植物迷宫、童话世界等娱乐场所。公园内还建有集餐饮、购物、娱乐于一身的、体现异国情调的国际街及国际民俗村。国际街位于公园的东北角，长约200米，面积1.5万平方米，是具有欧美风格的建筑群体，其中有意大利名店街、德国歌德美食大楼、瑞士洛桑礼品街等，主要经营各国风味及旅游纪念品，开展富有异国特色的娱乐活动等。

游客漫步北京世界公园，一座座按1：10比例微缩的建筑物会使您目不暇接，大饱眼福。这些仿照世界名胜而建的微缩建筑，设计精细，造型逼真，置身此地，您会感到仿佛真的在周游世界。能用一天的时间饱览世界所有最著名的名胜古迹，多少人的梦想今天在这里变为了现实。

北京世界公园位于中国北京丰台区。1992年4月动工，1993年 9月正式开放。总面积46.7公顷。园中有40多个国家100多处景观的微缩建筑，如法国巴黎圣母院、意大利台地园、印度泰姬陵、埃及金字塔、美国科罗拉多大峡谷、中国的万里长城等。景点的建筑材料尽可能仿照原物，采用铜雕、铜铸、鎏金、镀金、木雕等，工艺精湛、外观逼真，保持了原作风貌。公园的水系按照五大洲的版图、仿照四大洋的形状而设计、独具匠心。园中还建有供餐饮、购物的国际街、充满异国情趣的国际民俗村及童话世界、激光喷泉等。

北京世界公园导游词5

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。

来北京观光旅游不能错过具有北京特色的风味小吃和悠久历史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鸭、涮羊肉、宫廷菜。

北京的特产有:王麻子刀剪、安宫牛黄丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜饯、茯苓夹饼、六必居酱菜。土产有:京白梨、盖柿、良乡板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小枣、杏。

各位游客，大家好。我是这次旅游的导游姜佳婷。我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门也就是故宫正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿，是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄宏伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

大家好！欢迎你们来到北京，我是你们的导游，我姓彭。现在我们前往北京故宫，在接下来的时间里，将由我来陪大家游览故宫。希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。请大家准备好垃圾袋，果皮纸屑勿随地乱扔。现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧！

 故宫原名叫紫禁城，占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

我们面前就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园——御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形，占地虽然只有1.2万平方米，但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的建筑。布局紧凑，小巧玲珑。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫的讲解到此结束，现在请各位自由参观， 5分钟后我们在门口集合。谢谢各位的合作。

大家好，我是莞英语行社的“小恺”导游，今天我们要去北京的八达岭长城参观。据《史记》记载，战国时期就在八达岭一带修建长城，后来明朝用了长达80多年的时间修好了长城。

现在我们上了长城，大家向远处望去，会不会发现长城很长呢?是的，长城一共有13000多里。

长城的路飞很宽，游客们，你们来说一下这个路可不可以五六匹马并行?对了，可以五六匹马并行。再说说长城的条石，也就是我们脚下的石头，一块条石有两三千斤重。你们应该会问当时没有起重机，他们是怎样把条石抬起来的?这都是劳动人民的智慧和血汗，凝结成这万里长城，比如长城非常坚固，是因为以前燕王为了保护国家，所以他命令农夫一年四季都要修筑城墙，当时没有石灰，所以石块、砖头都是用泥抹的。冬天和泥得用热水，所以农夫把大铁锅抬到工地上，用三块石头支起来，添柴烧开水。天长日久，大铁锅被烧出个大窟窿，一锅水将锅下的火浇灭了，可他们发现水洒在支锅的石头上，石头一下子就炸开了，炸出了许多白面面，有人用水和白面面，将它抹在砖下。第二天农夫们发现用白面面抹的砖都比泥抹的结实。他们得到了启发，从此就烧石灰来抹砖头。现在你们知道为什么长城很坚固了吧?!

好了，现在是自由活动时间，一小时后在这里集合，请将贵重的物品都拿好，谢谢大家!

来北京的第一天，我们就去了慕田峪长城，那里的景色比八达岭长城还美呢!

慕田峪长城，位于北京市怀柔区境内，距北京市约70公里。是集历史文化遗产和自然风光于一体的旅游景区。慕田峪长城建于明朝，为开国皇帝朱元璋手下大将徐达所筑，后经戚继光完善而成。迄今已有600余年的历史，是明长城中保存最好的长城段之一。整段长城依山就势，起伏连绵，如巨龙飞腾。

我们买完票开始爬长城。需要爬长城还得先登一会山，全是高高的石阶路，没上一会我们就累的半死，不过我还不是太累。因为我有一个会休息的秘密哦!每当我累的时候，都站着休息，站着休息完就特别特别有劲儿。于是，我越走越快，妈咪、姐姐、二姨越走越慢。不一会儿，我都在她们的老前头了。我脚在上台阶，头却往后头扭，忽然“砰”的一声，我撞到墙上了。“哦!原来是烽火台呀!”我说，“要是我脑袋后头长眼睛就好了。”我嫌妈咪她们太慢了，于是我把两手并拢，放在胸前，说：“保佑妈咪一分钟之内到烽火台。”果然我数到58秒的时候，妈咪她们上来了。“贝贝，我们上去吧!”甜甜姐姐说。二姨说：“那你们俩上去呗!”我和姐姐登上烽火台。

站在烽火台上，远远望去，长城就像一条巨龙一样，盘旋在绵延起伏的群山峻岭上，它是世界的奇迹，是我们中华民族的象征。我想：古代没有先进的机械，这万里长城都是人们用手一砖一瓦垒起来的，在这么高的山上修长城，不知摔死、累死了多少人啊!古代人们的聪明才智真是太让人敬佩了!

下山的时候，我们太累了，准备坐滑道下去。看说明10岁以上的孩子才能单独坐一个小车。我九岁了，妈妈对工作人员说我10岁(妈妈怕我像在乐岛一样排了好长时间的对，结果却玩不成)，反正我虚岁也10岁了。我坐在小车上滑的飞快，把妈妈她们远远的甩在了后面，好刺激呀!真想再滑一次。

坐在车上，看着离我们越来越远的长城，我想，俗话说“不到长城非好汉”，今天我爬上了长城，说明我现在也是一名好汉了。哈哈，我真为自己而感到自豪!

大家好，我是本次游览故宫的小导游，大家在游览时要注意安全，爱护环境，不乱丢垃圾。

我们先进入的是午门，首先映入眼帘的是白色的金水桥，它全部是用汉白玉做成。接着就来到了太和门，一一走过，就来到了整个故宫最大的、等级最高的，也是最重要的宫殿——太和殿。它修筑得非常宏伟。它高29。92米，宽37米，长64米，是以前皇上办公的地方。大家往太和殿屋檐上看，是不是站立着形态各异的动物雕像。这些动物叫神兽，而且数量都是奇数，最小是五，最大是九，用来表示等级与地位。可是这里却有十个神兽，这是为什么呢?原来太和殿曾遭三次雷劈，都被大火烧光了，重修三次。

后来的皇上为了祈求太和殿不再被雷公劈到，于是就在九个神兽里又添加了一个神兽——“雷公”，这样就让太和殿成为了一个上下五千年里惟一一个拥有十个神兽的古建筑。继续走，过了中和殿、保和殿、乾清门，就到了皇上睡觉的地方——乾清宫。皇上如果要安心养神，可过交泰殿、坤宁宫，去御花园休心养神。这里植被繁多，假山、水流，空气清新，是理想的休养所。

过了御花园，我们就出了神武门，故宫游览就结束了。祝大家玩得开心，以后再来故宫游览!

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历文上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海景区的不少古建筑在北京城市建设发展史上及政治文化史上占有重要地位，主要代表有恭王府及花园、宋庆龄故居及醇王府、郭沫若纪念馆、钟鼓楼、德胜门箭楼、广化寺、汇通祠、会贤堂。

什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。

什刹海地区的街巷结构最早形成于元代，区内不少建筑年代久远，具有北京传统建筑的典型特征。北京城市总体规划己将该地区列为重点保护的二十五个历史街区之一。此外，在本地区居住着的民民少则居住了十几年、几十年，多则数代居住于此，形成了老北京淳朴热情的邻里生活环境。

什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。依托胡同和四合院，什刹海地区自古以来就有许多富有特色的民裕活动，如放荷灯、泛舟游湖、宴饮赏荷、冰床围酌、大阅冰鞋等。至今，一些有生命力的民俗活动仍然在什刹海地区大量存在。如钓鱼、游泳、划船、赛艇、下棋、弹唱、消夏舞会等。“胡同游”即活跃在这片得天独厚的自然人文环境中。

“什刹海水上游”采用长7米、宽1.7米，依清明上河图中船形打造的古色古意的橹船作交通工具，从水路穿过银锭桥去宋庆龄故居、广化寺和恭王府花园。日落西山船行什刹海，游人点起纸河灯放入水中，灯浮水面沿船尾浮动，忽明忽暗灿烂一片，这一景象使人恍如回到唐宋年间的西湖月夜。

大家好，我是恭王府的讲解员小丽，非常欢迎各位到恭王府参观游览。恭王府地处北京内城西北部，东近前海，北倚后海。早期自德胜门内积水潭(西海)水域东北角所引出的一条水渠，绕过恭王府的西墙转南墙外(俗称月牙河)，经三座桥流入什刹海(前海)。西、南临水，东、北近水，可谓四周皆水，环境幽美的风水宝地。到20世纪50年代初，该水渠被填平，形成柳荫街及前海西街。

恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，公元1776年，已有230多年的历史，是为大学士和珅所建的宅院。嘉庆四年和珅获罪，宅第没收。之后将宅第分为东西两部分，西部嘉庆皇帝赐给了弟弟庆亲王永璘，东部留给了十公主。咸丰元年(1851)咸丰帝将整座王府赐给恭亲王奕忻入住，至此得名恭王府，沿用至今。请大家记住园子的二位主要主人：大贪官和珅及恭亲王奕忻。

恭王府南北长330米，东西宽180米。北京有几十座王府，不是被毁就是被挪做他用，以原来风貌保存下来对外开放的仅恭王府一座。作为满清皇族的古建园林，由府邸和花园两部分组成，总占地面积约六万多平米，其中府邸约3.2万平米,花园占地2.8万平方米。府邸内的建筑分东、中、西三路，由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多三进四合院落组成，布局分明;东路去朴尚华、中路庄严肃穆、西路古朴典雅，三路自成一体又和谐统一。在这些房屋中既有体现皇家气派和威严的建筑，又有来自民间精巧的建筑和装饰风格，构成了王府文化的最大特点。花园融江南园林与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园。恭王府既是清代王府建筑的重要代表之一，也是中国传统建筑及造园技艺最成熟时期的重要表现。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为“一座恭王府，半部清代史”。

北京恭王府导游词2

据野史上讲，记得弘历年少时(后来的乾隆皇帝)有一次在宫中玩耍，看到年贵妃在梳头，而这个年贵妃是清朝大将军年羹尧的妹妹，是清朝十大美女之一，叫年秋月。弘历被她的美貌打动偷偷过去从后面蒙住了她的眼睛，年贵妃吓了一跳也不知后面是谁，拿起簪子向后一划，恰好划破了弘历的额头。后来此事让皇后得知，因为此事传出去对弘历的名声不好(她是雍正爷的贵妃，弘历应叫她额娘。)下旨年贵妃上吊自尽。弘历当时痛哭一场，因为他的一个轻浮举动使年贵妃丧生。暗暗发誓等我当了皇帝再得相见，不修今世修来世。于是沾着朱砂在年贵妃的耳后印了一个红红的指印。多年以后弘历当了皇帝就是乾隆爷。当他第一次看到和珅时，和珅还是个粘杆卫(走在轿子边上的小官)。乾隆大吃一惊觉得和珅长得酷似多年前死去的年贵妃。于是走下宝座问他家中有没有姐妹，和珅说只有兄弟二人，和珅、和璘。当皇上失望之时，突然看到和珅的耳后有一个红痣，与年贵妃不但面貌相似，而且痣的大小位臵也一样。所以皇上认为和珅就是年贵妃的投胎转世。于是皇上把和珅收在身边倍加宠爱，和珅也凭借自己的聪明才智讨乾隆喜欢。于是和珅就像坐直升机一样，职务和地位直线上升，三年内乾隆皇帝多次传旨升和珅的官职，几乎把大清各种高官做遍，风光享尽，仅担任军机大臣一职就长达23年，权势赫赫，人称二皇帝。

很多朋友都是慕名来到恭王府的，影视作品对和珅的炒作也是沸沸扬扬，但是和珅的真实形象和影视作品形象有很大的差距，和珅是一个地地道道的美男子，玉树临风，脸庞白皙，行动敏捷，举止端庄，言语诙谐。

北京是中华人民共和国首都是世界闻名的历史古城、文化名城。是全国的政治、经济、交通和文化中心。这里荟萃了中国灿烂的文化艺术，留下了许多名胜古迹和人文景观。北京是全国的政治、文化与国际交往中心，又是生机勃勃、充满活力的综合性产业城市。改革开放以后特别是""时期，中共北京市委、市政府提出了"首都经济"的概念。循着北京经济发展要立足北京、服务全国、面向世界的思路，对经济结构和布局进行调整，经济增长方式的加速转变，使全市国民经济持续快速健康增长，综合经济实力保持在全国前列。

北京具有丰富的旅游资源，对外开放的旅游景物达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园、八达岭、慕田峪、司马台长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项，其中国家文物单位42个，市级文物保护单位222个。北京现有旅游定点饭店456座，其中星级饭店407座，客房8.4万间，旅行社456家，有21个主要语种的导游人员5000多人，形成了业务遍及全球市场。20xx年接待海外游客282.1万人次，旅游创汇27.7亿美元。北京市被国家旅游局评为"中国优秀旅游城市"。

就是这样一个城市，一个即使你一辈子都不曾离开，却依然对你有吸引力的城市，永远不会让你失望，永远不会让你寂寞!

古老而富有韵味之中又掺杂了现代都市繁华的庞大城区，向东南方铺展的广阔平原，加之逶迤蜿蜒、镇守城区西北的太行山脉和燕山山脉，成就了北京独特的魅力。园林遗迹，古刹皇陵，给北京城注入了深厚的人文底蕴;峻崖曲壑，丽泉飞瀑，为城郊挂上了一层神秘的面纱;而车水马龙的步行街和星罗棋布的商业区，则为这座古老的城市增添了时代的新生命力。北京，历史上曾经是几个朝代的都城，规模宏大的帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛、陵墓及其他古代建筑历经百年风雨仍井然有序、错落有致，俨然可见昔日皇城的威严。

北京的宫殿建筑首推故宫(又称紫禁城)，它是我国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿建筑群，原为明、清两代的皇宫，其建筑具有典型的中国古典风格，是我国最珍贵的文化和艺术宝库;颐和园兼有江南水乡的玲珑精致和北方园林的豪迈大气，园中山青水绿，景色怡人，在中外园林史上享有盛誉;天坛是我国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群，也是世界建筑艺术的宝贵遗产，它是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”和“祈谷”的地方，布局完整，环境优美;明十三陵是北京最大的古墓群，内有明代13个皇帝的陵墓，尤其以定陵规模最为浩大。

雄伟壮观的万里长城，是人类建筑史上罕见的古代军事防御工程，它以悠久的历史、浩大的工程、雄伟的气魄著称于世，被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”，为世界八大奇迹之一;北京的宗教建筑也久负盛名，有中国著名佛教胜地碧云寺、道教胜地白云观、喇嘛教胜地雍和宫以及伊斯兰教的牛街清真寺等;故宫前面的天安门广场能容纳100万人在此集会，是世界上最大的城市中心广场，建筑雄伟，气魄非凡。

北京作为我国文化中心，除拥有许多文化遗产如周口店的“北京人”遗迹、曹雪芹故居、石造联拱桥等，还有现代科技的结晶中关村。许多著名的学府如清华、北大等也汇聚于此，您尽可以漫步校园中想象朱自清、胡适等昔日大师在校任教时的情景。北京还有许多闻名遐尔的自然景观，如景色秀丽的香山公园、竹林遍地的紫竹院、环境幽雅的玉渊潭……

有着明显四季更迭变化的北京，将时刻为您带来美的感受。春的柔顺与明丽，夏的妩媚与多情，秋的成熟与风韵，冬的纯洁与晶莹。她丰富的地貌特征，让您穿林越谷，感受漂流与攀岩的刺激。在北京熙来攘往的城区之外，不出几十公里，便是一派田园风貌：数条河流纵情奔淌，千道峡谷雄奇幽深，崇山峻岭云雾缭绕，密林草甸空气清新，更有让人魂牵梦绕，永不厌倦的莽莽长城……娱乐项目更是花样翻新：登山探险、野炊宿营、驱车越野、徒步旅行、策马扬鞭、水中怡情等等，无论您是滑山(滑道)、滑水、滑冰、滑草亦或是滑雪，无论您想游水、游街、游空气(滑翔伞、蹦极)，总之，只要您是想不留下终身憾事，那就快来吧!北京的八个城区和十个远郊区县，时刻等待您的光临!

亲爱的游客们：

大家好！我是你们的向导，我名叫陈，叫我陈导就好了。现在我将带领你们欣赏我国的世界遗产——故宫。

故宫为我国明清两朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时应不乱扔垃圾、不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有历史气息的故宫。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建筑，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动时，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

游完了辉煌的太和殿，再向北走，我们能感觉到这儿的生活气息很浓。这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局，布局，古色古香，，花草树木点缀其间，亭台阁楼相依相存，是个精心雅致，赏心悦目的好地方。大家跟着我走，故宫东边这座角楼和其他三座角楼遥相呼应。它们的造型奇特，精美绝伦，与周围环境构成一幅完美的图画。

这气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧啊！

这次旅游到此结束，祝大家愉快，谢谢！

Today, well go to visit the Temple of Heaven. First, Ill give you a brief introduction of it. The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. The Temple of Heaven is not only the largest group of temple building in China, but also the largest heaven-worshipping architecture in the world.

Originally the Temple of Heaven was built according to the Temple of Heaven and Earth in Nanjing, so both heaven and earth were worshiped here, then it was called Temple of Heaven and Earth at that time. In 1530, another structure, Temple of Earth was built in the northern part of Beijing and the Heaven and Earth were worshipped separately. Since only Heaven was worshipped in here, it was renamed the Temple of Heaven.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Temple of Heaven was the place where the emperors came to worship the God of Heaven and pray for good harvest. The emperors came here twice a year. The first time was on the 15 th day of the first lunar month. The emperor would come to the Hall of the prayer for Good Harvest and held a big ceremony to pray for a bumper harvest. The second time was on Winter Solstice, and a sacrificial ceremony would be held at the Circular Mount Altar to offer a sacrifice to the Heaven.

Being a sacred place for worshipping heaven, the Temple of Heaven had been twice seriously damaged by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and the invading troops of the eight powers in 1900.

Architecturally speaking, the Temple of Heaven has two themes: the heave and the earth. The surrounding walls of the Temple of Heaven are 6 meters high with a semicircular wall to the north and square shaped wall to the south. This represents an ancient belief that the heaven was round and the earth was square. There are three main buildings in the Temple of Heaven, they are: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Heavenly Vault and the Circular Mound Altar.

幽谷神潭位于怀柔县怀北镇椴树岭村北，江西导游词，距市区75公里。景区总面积约6平方公里，从山脚到顶上神潭，路上要走2-3个小时，一路是翠岭、青山、奇峰、怪石、峭壁、悬崖、幽溪、曲水、飞瀑、清潭、游鱼、鸣禽、繁花、绿树，山顶处有天然形成的大石潭。著名景观有"通天门"、"回首卧虎岭"、"雷劈石"、"闻泉知鱼潭"、"鹰嘴峰"、"映月潭"等。

幽谷神潭由于其特殊的地理位置,奇特的山体构造,丰富的矿泉资源,美丽的神话传说,构成了这里得天独厚的自然旅游景观。峡谷中百泉汇流,溪流纵横,高峡壁立,不仅能欣赏到大自然的鬼斧神工之笔,而且能观赏到气绝的“飞瀑”和“神潭”,其自然天成与壮观令人叹为观止,加上当地民间的种.种传说更构成一副“难描的画”。飞瀑高百尺,上下两面三叠,上叠侧峰壁立之间,奔流的山泉如蛟龙出谷,巨大的落差,砸在花岗岩崖壁上,满谷轰鸣,飞花飞溅,腾起数米,然后漫洒在鳞片状的崖壁上,形成一副数米宽的水帘,潇潇洒洒,一泻数丈,形成“飞瀑”奇观。

行程

D1：下午从北京市出发赴怀柔，路程需3个小时左右抵达，到达后用餐，餐后前往饭店娱乐区，卡啦OK2个小时进行娱乐。

D2：早7：00享用早餐，前往青龙峡风景区是集青山峡谷、古长城、绿水白瀑为一体的风景区。从山脚下沿着长城走，直到青龙山最高处"玉皇台"需要3个多小时。一路上怪石奇峻、绿树成荫。峡内大湖，可坐竹筏漂荡垂钓，也可乘龙舟缓行，或乘坐汽艇游览水库全景、蹦极、速降、攀岩和沙滩浴。这里的蹦极比房山十渡蹦极高7米，是国内目前蹦极跳落差最高的，午餐自理，餐后乘车返回宾馆，可娱乐的项目有：游泳;桑拿;台球;棋牌;乒乓球;保龄球;麻将;沙壶球;卡啦OK;卡丁车

D3早7：00享用早餐，餐后乘车前往美丽的幽谷神潭国家公园进行游览，12：00午餐，餐后乘车返回北京市，结束愉快行程。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

什刹海指前海、后海和西海三个湖泊及临近地区，这里拥有大片优美的湖面，也是北京著名的一片历史街区，众多名人故居、王府等古迹散落其中，还有贴近老百姓生活的各类美食，后海酒吧街更是京城夜生活的老牌胜地。

初到什刹海，第一眼一定被大片潋艳的湖光所吸引。夏天湖边非常清凉，荷花盛开，可以坐船欣赏湖景。沿湖码头不少，有前海的好梦江南码头、荷花市场码头，后海的野鸭岛码头、柳荫争渡等码头，都有游船可以坐。脚踏船、手划船可自个儿玩个尽兴，根据不同船型，船费在每小时40-60元间不等;若是观光摇橹船会带你环湖游览，大约需1个小时左右，船夫还会讲解一下什刹海的景点，和人拼船参考价50元，包船300元左右。到了冬天湖面结了冰，游船便不开了，但可以来欣赏冬景，当冰层达到一定厚度，湖上就会开辟出什刹海滑冰场。入场滑冰成人和儿童都是15元，节假日20元;提供冰鞋、冰上自行车等的租借，都不贵，不过需100-200元的押金。

什刹海周边的古建筑使景区依然保留着老北京特色。有汇通祠、德胜门箭楼、宋庆龄故居及醇亲王府、广化寺、银锭桥、钟鼓楼、郭沫若故居等景点，其中最著名的当属位于前海西街上和珅的宅邸——恭王府。除了一睹清朝贪官和珅的豪宅外，府中藏着的1万多个“福”字据说能给游客带来福气，康熙御笔福字碑更是让游客不惜排长队也要一睹真容沾沾福气的“镇宅之宝”。若有兴趣，还可以拐到烟袋斜街寻访标志着中国近代邮政诞生的大清邮局，在邮局敲几个花纹精美的邮戳做纪念，当然盖邮戳要先购买邮局的明信片。

喜欢随意吃些小吃，可以买一串冰糖葫芦，靠着什刹海的汉白玉栏杆，边吃边看看湖上来往的游船。若要专门寻访北京小吃，可以去宋庆龄故居西侧的九门小吃，在老式四合院中，囊括了十多家北京老字号小吃，酱牛肉、褡裢火烧、涮羊肉、豆腐脑，应有尽有;或者去梅兰芳纪念馆西边的护国寺小吃街，管式翅吧、宫廷奶酪、鞋底火烧，品尝来自胡同的美味;另外，在荷花市场里有家全聚德烤鸭店。

每当夜幕降临，什刹海最热闹的时候便来临了。围绕什刹海的众多酒吧传来阵阵歌声，什刹海的一些酒吧歌手真的唱得不错，酒吧背后有“北漂”一族的故事。摇滚歌手窦唯在什刹海驻唱过3年，据说现在什刹海的餐馆庆云楼就是他开的。烈火麒麟酒吧据坊间流传有个唱许巍的歌很好的歌手，其他比较出名的酒吧有胡同写意、甲丁坊等。去酒吧坐坐，看歌手表演，从歌声中仿佛能听到“北漂”们对音乐的热忱、和对一夜成名的渴望。

什刹海东边靠着南锣鼓巷，南边临着北海公园，与再南边一点的景山公园、故宫、天安门广场离得也不远。一般白天玩故宫或者天安门，晚上到什刹海的酒吧坐坐;若不去故宫、天安门，喜欢湖景，可以北海公园和什刹海一起游玩;若只喜欢逛街吃小吃，可以逛完什刹海去旁边的南锣鼓巷接着逛。

Hello, everyone. Today we come to the famous world heritage is one of the imperial palace, it in landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, become Chinas Ming and qing dynasties era civilization priceless historical testimony.

First came to the hall of supreme harmony. The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during which, in the center of the Forbidden City, is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace. The temple with gold QiMuZhu and delicate panlong sunk panel, "legitimate" plaque hanging on the end, words about heir to die before they slip into tablets. The middle is the symbol of the feudal imperial power, golden dragon throne carved lacquerware. The hall of supreme harmony Huang Wa eastward, glittering in the sun, is the imperial palace is one of the most spectacular architecture.

After visiting the hall of supreme harmony, came to zhonghe palace. Zhonghe palace is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace, located in the hall of supreme harmony. Flat square, yellow glazed tile, the corners of saving pointed to the middle gold-plated treasure of a roof. Form, an architectural.

Baohe Palace is one of the three main halls of the imperial palace, and behind the house. Flat rectangle, architectural decoration and coloured drawing or pattern is very fine.

Palace of heavenly purity the front Chambers in the Palace Museum. Once upon a time for the emperor kangxi to live here and handle affairs, after the qing yongzheng emperor had moved to yangxin dian, but still played in the reviews, appointed officials and summoned liegeman.

Look, this temple in the palace of heavenly purity and palace of earthly tranquility, intercourse and well-being happiness of heaven and earth. It was built in the Ming dynasty, is a pavilion in the four corners, gold-plated treasure top, longfeng grain square house. Ming and qing, the temple is the place where birthdays activities held by the queens birthday. Palace of earthly tranquility in the Forbidden City the most behind "Chambers". When Ming dynasty for the queens house. In the qing dynasty to the god. Its Middle East NuanGe wedding bridal chamber, for an emperor kangxi, managment, three emperor, were held in the wedding.

Again came to the echo wall, it is the peak of Chinese wooden structure, with only a wooden tenon knot, should support, full use wood had completed a stunning masterpiece. Another beautiful place, the temple of heaven is the echo of the wonderful. Stand in the center of the circular mound altar altar call a sound, you will hear from the depths of the formation of bright and dark echoes, the sound as if from the center of the earth, and seems to have come from the sky, so people for it took a full of mysterious name: "heavenly heart stone". The dome in emperor yu was surrounded by a thick about 0. 9 meters fence, you stood whispering the wall at one end, on the other side of the people as long as abnormal ears stick metope can hear clear, and there is a stereo effect, this is the "echo chamber", it can prove that, 500 years ago, the Chinese have been able to use acoustic principle.

The palace is a huge complex, I said also said not over, will please you go touring.