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北京故宫导游词作文(20篇)

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北京十渡导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 643 字

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仙栖洞:在十渡屏幕山旅游区西南约两公里的山腰上有一股清泉,名叫黑牛水。泉水出口直径约50厘米,常年流淌不止,水量很大。当地人曾用六寸抽水泵抽水2个月,未曾抽干过。70年代当地村民挖了一个容量5000立方米的蓄水池,用它浇灌山下百余亩梯田、果树。在历史上少有的大旱之年,水量也不见减少。经过有关专家多次勘察,认为地下可能为一大型充水溶洞,为开发旅游,当地人于1998年投资开凿岩洞,这座被尘封了亿万年的艺术殿堂,于1999年终于展现在人们面前,命名为“仙栖洞”。本溶洞发育在奥陶纪厚层灰岩地层中,已探深度超过3000米,仍未尽头。洞内厅堂深遂广布,暗河纵漫无源,多色种乳群现,大量钟乳石造型奇绝、精妙、玲珑,令人叹为观止,不禁称绝,堪称地下艺术天堂,已命名的景观如仙栖神堂、白塔流苏、仙栖飞瀑、仙塔寻根、百纳神针、龟寿延年、五彩玉帘、仙栖来客、琼浆玉液酿瑶池等近百处。特别是该洞入口为水洞,划船400米水路,再登陆观景,这在华北地区是少见的,其水路长度(在北方)仅次于本溪水洞。这是北京地区继石花洞穴后又一大型溶洞,有些景观可与石花洞比美,其水景可与石花洞互补。信步于洞内尤如与尘世隔绝,恍若来至仙境。这真是大自然在20世纪末赐给人类的造化宝库。九脸画山:山峰的崖壁上,有一张张栩栩如生的人脸。这些脸随着太阳光线的变化而变化,有时看象少女,有时看象老人,有时看象顽童。这些生动的人脸,并不是人工巧匠雕凿而成,而是大自然天然形成,在大脸的周围还有许多小脸,最多者可看出九个脸,故称九脸画山。

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篇1:导游词的北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1515 字

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各位朋友,先自我介绍一下……。今日我将带大家参观故宫博物院,此刻我先为大家作个简单介绍。

故宫位于北京市城区中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心,它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群,成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。1987年,北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

故宫座北朝南,开有四条门。各位朋友,那里就是故宫的正门,叫午门,意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼,楼顶飞檐翅起,从上头看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰,故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420年,位于端门之北,雄伟壮观。

各位朋友,此刻我们已经进入故宫。那里是故宫进院落,首先出此刻我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥,它们象征五德,即仁、义、礼、智、信,是皇帝集完美的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河,跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场,那里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

好,下头请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。此刻我们来到了故宫中重要的院落--太和殿及其广场,那里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!那里能够拍下远处太和殿的全景,各位能够在此留个影,过一会儿,我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。

各位朋友,我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别的建筑,仅有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用,象征皇权的至高无上,太和殿俗称金銮殿,是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年,当时叫奉天殿。之后,该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后,重修三大殿,并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高35米,东西长64米,南北宽33米,面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间,进深5间,规模为紫禁城内大殿之。装饰用的彩绘为等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为等级的重檐庑殿顶,就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前的,总之处处显示,那是皇帝认为“老子天下”思想的体现。

看完了太和殿,我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下头,请大家跟我来一齐参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友,这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的后一座大殿,叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场,自乾隆皇帝以后,那里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束,此刻请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息,我们10分钟后集合,多谢大家!

各位,故宫整个院落分为两大部分,即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。此刻,我介绍一下故宫的后半部分,即“后寝”。

各位朋友,此刻我们来到了乾清宫,这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方,殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案,正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾,那是清朝皇帝的祖训,作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系,我们就先讲到那里,此刻请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看,这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿,这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字,那里是康熙皇帝的御笔,意思是期望后代能够以德制国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友,此刻我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园,那里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家能够在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦,各位朋友,故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

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篇2:故宫博物院导游词模板

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 670 字

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亲爱的朋友们:我叫陈爱嘉,大家叫我小爱就行了。今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆,简称为故宫,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,又称为“紫禁城”(历代宫殿都象“象天立宫”,以表示君权“受命于天”)。由于君为天子,天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地,故名“紫禁城”。故宫始建于明永乐四年(142019年),永乐十八年(1420年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑面积15万多平方米,有房屋9999间,是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威,故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线,在这条中轴线上,按照“前朝后寝”的古制,布置着帝王发施令,象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北),左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿—宁宫,和以太妃居住的宫殿—慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要,这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙,四周有角楼,外有护城河。

故宫御花园,原名宫后苑,今俗称御花园,占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅,左右对称的格局,布局紧凑,古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山,为太湖石叠砌而成,上筑御景亭,每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织,评定为“世界文化遗产”,是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

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篇3:介绍故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 7069 字

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故宫位于北京市中心,也称“紫禁城”。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明清两代(公元1368~1920xx年)的皇宫,现辟为“故宫博物院”。故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,被誉为世界五大宫之一(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫),并被联合国科教文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。 故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群,总面积达72万多平方米,有殿宇宫室9999间半,被称为“殿宇之海”,气魄宏伟,极为壮观。无论是平面布局,立体效果,还是形式上的雄伟堂皇,都堪称无与伦比的杰作。 一条中轴贯通着整个故宫,这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿两旁,还对称分布着许多殿宇,也都宏伟华丽。这些宫殿可分为外朝和内廷两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,文华、武英殿为两翼。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心,东西六宫为两翼,布局严谨有序。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼,建造精巧美观。宫城周围环绕着高10米,长3400米的宫墙,墙外有52米宽的护城河。 现在,故宫的一些宫殿中设立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量古代艺术珍品,据统计共达1052653件,占中国文物总数的六分之一,是中国收藏文物最丰富的博物馆,也是世界著名的古代文化艺术博物馆,其中很多文物是绝无仅有的无价国宝。

故宫建筑形式

故宫严格地按《周礼·考工记》中“前朝后寝,左祖右社”的帝都营建原则建造。整个故宫,在建筑布置上,用形体变化、高低起伏的手法,组合成一个整体。在功能上符合封建社会的等级制度。同时达到左右均衡和形体变化的艺术效果。中国建筑的屋顶形式是丰富多彩的,在故宫建筑中,不同形式的屋顶就有10种以上。以3大殿为例,屋顶各不相同。故宫建筑屋顶满铺各色琉璃瓦件。主要殿座以黄色为主。绿色用于皇子居住区的建筑。其它蓝、紫、黑、翠以及孔雀绿、宝石蓝等五色缤纷的琉璃,多用在花园或琉璃壁上。太和殿屋顶当中正脊的两端各有琉璃吻兽,稳重有力地吞住大脊。吻兽造型优美,是构件又是装饰物。一部分瓦件塑造出龙凤、狮子、海马等立体动物形象,象征吉祥和威严,这些构件在建筑上起了装饰作用。

故宫前部宫殿,当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽,庭院明朗开阔,象征封建政权至高无上,太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心,四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽,生动形象,栩栩如生。故宫的设计者认为这样以显示皇帝的威严,震慑天下。后部内廷却要求庭院深邃,建筑紧凑,因此东西六宫都自成一体,各有宫门宫墙,相对排列,秩序井然,再配以宫灯联对,绣榻几床,都是体现适应豪华生活需要的布置。内廷之后是宫后苑。后苑里有岁寒不雕的苍松翠柏,有秀石迭砌的玲珑假山,楼、阁、亭、榭掩映其间,幽美而恬静。

故宫宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列,三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。并向两旁展开,南北取直,左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内,而且南达永定门,北到鼓楼、钟楼,贯穿了整个城市,气魄宏伟,规划严整,极为壮观。

故宫是几百年前劳动人民智能和血汗的结晶。初建时被奴役的劳动者有工匠十万,夫役百万。在当时社会生产条件下,能建造这样宏伟高大的建筑群,充分反映了中国古代劳动人民的高度智能和创造才能。同时,为了修建故宫,如所需的木材,在明代时,大多采自四川、广西、广东、云南、贵州等地,无数劳动人民被迫在崇山峻岭中的原始森林里,伐运木材。所用石料多采自北京远郊和距京郊二三百里的山区。每块石料往往重达几吨甚至几十、几百吨,如现在保和殿后檐的台阶,有一块云龙雕石重约250吨。

建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑,实在是一个无与伦比的杰作,它的平面布局,立体效果,以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐,建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽,是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。它标志着中国悠久的文化传统,显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

站在高山上看故宫,根本看不到一个窗户,是为了防止刺客找路。大门前有两个铁缸,是防火的,里面盛满了水。

故宫四门

故宫有四个大门,正门名为午门。其平面为凹形,宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼,角楼高27.5米,十字屋脊,三重檐迭出,四面亮山,多角交错,是结构奇丽的建筑。

故宫的正门叫“午门”,俗称五凤楼。东西北三面以12米高的城台相连,环抱一个方形广场。有1组建筑。正中有重楼,是9间面宽的大殿,重檐庑殿顶,在左右伸出两阙城墙上,建有联檐通脊的楼阁四座,明廊相连,两翼各有13间的殿屋向南伸出,四隅各有高大的角亭,辅翼着正殿。这种形状的门楼称为“阙门”,是中国古代大门中最高级的形式。这组城上的建筑,形势巍峨壮丽,是故宫宫殿群中第一高峰。午门是皇帝下诏书、下令出征的地方。每遇宣读皇帝圣旨,颁发年历书,文武百官都要齐集午门前广场听旨。午门当中的正门平时只有皇帝才可以出入,皇帝大婚时皇后进一次,殿试考中状元、榜眼、探花的三人可以从此门走出一次。文武大臣进出东侧门,宗室王公出入西侧门。

后门“神武门”,明朝时为“玄武门”,玄武为古代四神兽之一,从方位上讲,左青龙,右白虎,前朱雀,后玄武,玄武主北方,所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名“玄武”。清康熙年间因避讳改称“神武门”。神武门也是一座城门楼形式,用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶,但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊,没有左右向前伸展的两翼,所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。

东华门与西华门遥相对应,门外设有下马碑石,门内金水河南北流向,上架石桥1座,桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同,平面矩形,红色城台,白玉须弥座,当中辟3座券门,券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼,黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶,城楼面阔5间,进深3间,四周出廊。

在午门以内,有广阔的大庭院,当中有弧形的内金水河横亘东西,北面就是外朝宫殿大门——太和门,左右各有朝房 廊庑。金水河上有5座桥梁,装有白色汉白玉栏杆,随河宛转,形似玉带。

三大殿

太和门内,在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中,是外朝的中心:太和殿、中和殿、保和殿,统称三大殿(明朝称:奉天殿、华盖殿、谨身殿,嘉靖时改名:皇极殿、中极殿、建极殿。现名为清朝时名称)。这3座大殿是故宫中的主要建筑,它们高矮造型不同,屋顶形式也不同,显得丰富多样而不呆板。

太和殿和中和殿、保和殿都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的工字形基台上,太和在前,中和居中,保和在后。远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。基台三层重迭,每层台上边缘都装饰有汉白玉雕刻的栏板、望柱和龙头,三台当中有三层石阶雕有蟠龙,衬托以海浪和流云的“御路”。在25000平方米的台面上有透雕栏板1415块,雕刻云龙翔凤的望柱1460个,龙头1138个。用这样多的汉白玉装饰的三台,造型重迭起伏,这是中国古代建筑上具有独特风格的装饰艺术。而这种装饰在结构功能上,又是台面的排水管道。在栏板地栿石下,刻有小洞口;在望柱下伸出的龙头也刻出小洞口。每到雨季,3台雨水逐层由各小洞口下泄,水由龙头流出,千龙喷水,蔚为壮观。这是科学而又艺术的设计。

太和殿

太和殿(明朝称奉天殿、皇极殿),俗称“金銮殿”,太和殿高35.05米,东西63米,南北35米,面积约2380多平方米。长宽之比为9:5,寓意为之尊。面积是紫禁城诸殿中最大的一座,而且形制也是最高规格,最富丽堂皇的建筑。太和殿是五脊四坡大殿,从东到西有一条长脊,前后各有斜行垂脊两条,这样就构成五脊四坡的屋面,建筑术语上叫庑殿式。檐角有10个走兽(分别为 龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、狻猊、押鱼、獬豸、斗牛、行什),为中国古建筑之特例。大约从14世纪明代起,重檐庑殿是封建王朝宫殿等级最高的形式。太和殿有直径达1米的大柱72根,其中6根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。殿内有沥粉金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井,殿中间是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座,设在殿内高2米的台上,安放着金漆雕龙宝座,御座前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎,背后是雕龙屏。太和殿是故宫中最大的木结构建筑,是故宫最壮观的建筑,也是中国最大的木构殿宇。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽。太和殿是皇帝举行重大典礼的地方。即皇帝即位、生日、婚礼、元旦等都在这里庆祝。

中和殿

中和殿(明朝称华盖殿、中极殿)是故宫三大殿之一,位于太和殿后。中和殿高27米,平面呈正方形,面阔、进深各为3间,四面出廊,金砖铺地,建筑面积580㎡。黄琉璃瓦单檐四角攒尖顶,正中有鎏金宝顶。四脊顶端聚成尖状,上安铜胎鎏金球形的宝顶,建筑术语上叫四角攒尖式。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。皇帝在去太和殿之前先在此稍作停留,接受内阁大臣和礼部官员行礼,然后进太和殿举行仪式。另外,皇帝祭祀天地和太庙之前,也要先在这里审阅一下写有祭文的“祝版”;在到中南海演耕前,也要在这里审视一下耕具。

保和殿

保和殿(明朝称谨身殿、建极殿)也是故宫三大殿之一,在中和殿后。保和殿高29米,平面呈长方形,面阔9间,进深5间,建筑面积1240㎡。黄琉璃瓦重檐歇山式屋顶。屋顶正中有一条正脊,前后各有2条垂脊,在各条垂脊下部再斜出一条岔脊,连同正脊、垂脊、岔脊共9条,建筑术语上叫歇山式。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地方。

内廷

故宫建筑的后半部叫内廷,内廷宫殿的大门——乾清门,左右有琉璃照壁,门里是后三宫。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心,东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫,是皇帝处理日常政务之处也是皇帝与后妃居住生活的地方。后半部在建筑风格上同于前半部。前半部建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟,以象征皇帝的至高无上。后半部内廷则富有生活气息,建筑多是自成院落,有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。

清代在隆宗门曾发生过一场激烈的战斗。嘉庆十八年(1820xx年),中原一带发生“天理教”农民起义,农民领袖林清策划并领导京畿一支队伍直接攻打紫禁城。九月十四日,起义军乔装打扮,兵分两路,计划从东、西华门进入宫城。西华门一支在内应太监刘得才、刘金等人引领下迅速攻打到隆宗门,并在此展开激战。此次紫禁城之变,“酿成汉、唐、宋、明未有之事”,嘉庆皇帝破例向天下发了“罪己诏”。至今隆宗门匾额上留有箭头,相传即这次战斗的遗迹。箭头位于匾额的左下侧。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。乾清宫是内廷正殿,高20米。重檐庑殿顶。殿的正中有宝座,内有“正大光明”匾。两头有暖阁。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿,但仍在此批阅奏报,选派官吏和召见臣下。

坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”最后面。重檐庑殿顶。坤宁宫是明朝及清朝雍正帝之前的皇后寝宫,两头有暖阁。清代改为祭神场所。雍正后,西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房,康熙、同治、光绪三帝,均在此举行婚礼。

交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间,含“天地交合、安康美满”之意。其建于明代,清嘉庆三年(公元1798年)重修,是座四角攒尖,镀金宝顶,龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时,该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。清代皇后所谓亲蚕典礼,需至此检查祭典仪式的准备情况。清代的“宝玺”(印章)也收藏在这里。

清朝自雍正之后养心殿成为皇帝在故宫内的实际居所。清同治年间慈禧、慈安二太后垂帘听政就在养心殿东暖阁。

在后三宫东西庑,还有为皇帝存储冠、袍、带、履的端凝殿,放置图书翰墨的懋勤殿。南庑有皇子读书的上书房,有翰林学士承值的南书房,以及管理宫廷日常生活的处所。此外还有左右对称的日精门、月华门、龙光门、凤彩门、基化门、端则门、隆福门、景和门,通妃子居住的东西六宫。这种左右对称的平面布局,也是中国古代建筑的特征之一。

内廷东侧的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝宣布退位后当太上皇养老皇宫,花费一百一十万两银修建。

在坤宁宫北面的是御花园。御花园里有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名宫后苑,占地11000多平方米,有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局,布局紧凑、古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山,为太湖石迭砌而成,上筑御景亭,名为万春亭和千秋亭的两座亭子,可以说是目前保存的古亭中最为华丽的。

东六宫

故宫的东西六宫都是皇帝后妃和子嗣居住的地方。东六宫包含指景仁宫、延禧宫、承干宫、永和宫、钟粹宫、景阳宫,东六宫建于明永乐年间。

东六宫包括钟翠宫,承乾宫,景仁宫,景阳宫,永和宫,延禧宫。其中,东太后慈安就住在钟翠宫。另外,延禧宫也非常有名,因为紫禁城中唯一的一座西洋建筑就在延禧宫内,他就是民间广为流传的水晶宫。延禧宫在道光年间曾遭雷击而毁坏,于是宣统年间清朝统治者决定造一座不怕火的宫殿,于是一座以汉白玉,玻璃为主要材料的宫殿就开始动工了。但当工程进行到一半时,清朝灭亡了,整个工程也被迫停了下来。目前延禧宫现在还没有对外开放。

现在东六宫大都改为古代艺术品陈列馆,其中有明清工艺美术馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、钟表馆、绘画馆、珍宝馆。以参观珍宝馆和钟表馆的人数最多,钟表馆设在奉先殿,珍宝馆设在故宫东北角的养性殿、乐寿堂、颐和轩这在座堂里。玩具陈列馆设在坤宁宫以东的联房叫东板房里。

故宫谜团

冷宫何处

“冷宫”在哪里,要先谈“三宫六院”。故宫中路乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫称为“三宫”。六院分别指东路六宫:斋宫、景仁宫、承乾宫、钟粹宫、景阳宫及永和宫。封建帝王有着“至高无上”的权力,可以随心所欲地挑选妃子。皇帝的妻妾众多。至于选到宫中的女子,一旦失宠,便在宫中禁室里等死,更为悲惨。

故宫的“冷宫”并无定所,但历来有两种说法,一说即是乾清宫、长春宫;一说“冷宫”无固定地址,关禁王妃、皇子的地方,便俗称“冷宫”。查遍所见明、清史料,冷宫并不是某一处宫室的正式命名。根据一些文献记载,明、清时代被作为“冷宫”的地方有好几处。

明末天启皇帝时,成妃李氏得罪了权势赫赫的太监魏忠贤,被由长春宫赶到御花园西面的乾西,一住四年。先后被幽居乾西的,还有定妃、恪嫔等人。这个“冷宫”在紫禁城内之西。

光绪皇帝的珍妃被慈禧落井之前,据说关在景祺阁北边北三所(现坍毁),这地方就在今天珍妃井西边的山门里。如果这一出自太监之口的传闻属实,则此地也算得一处“冷宫”。

故宫设计者

故宫这样宏伟的建筑,如果浩大的工程,由谁负责设计?又是谁主持施工的?这的确是个历史谜团,难倒不少老北京人。因为故宫的建筑上没有如现代建筑那样明确地刻上此建筑物建于何年,由何人设计等字样。目前大多数人都认为故宫是明代一位杰出的匠师,姓蒯名祥,人称蒯鲁班的人设计的。

故宫博物院古建部高级工程师于倬云先生提出了不同意见:曾经参加建造南京宫殿的蒯祥是故宫的设计者这个说法不确切,其实,蒯祥只是故宫的施工主持人,故宫真正的设计人应该是名不见经传的蔡信。永乐20xx年紫禁城宫殿开始进入大规模施工高潮时,蒯祥才随朱棣从南京来到北京,开始主持宫殿的施工,而在此之前,蔡信已主持故宫和北京城的规划、设计和建造了。

皇帝上朝的地点

现在很多人都认为太和殿平时是用于上朝的,其实不是这样的。太和殿其实是用来举行各种典礼的场所,实际使用次数很少,纵观明清,皇帝上朝的地方主要在:太和门、乾清门(为御门听政)、乾清宫(有大事或重要的事情时皇帝召见大臣所在地)、还有养心殿(垂帘听政,清朝后期)的,并不是平时所说的太和殿。

故宫为何“龙”多

紫禁城是龙的世界,龙的造型千姿百态,栩栩如生。在我国封建社会里,皇帝被称做“真龙天子”,是大地的主宰。紫禁城是明、清两朝的皇宫,因此,宫中的殿堂、桥梁、丹陛、石雕以及帝后宝玺、服饰御用品等无不以龙作为纹饰。那么,故宫里到底有多少龙?恐怕谁也说不清。有人粗算过,故宫号称有宫殿8000多间,仅以每殿有6条龙计算,就有龙近4万条,如果加上所有建筑装饰和一切御用品上的龙,那就数不胜数了。

有人做了一个统计,即,太和殿顶屋脊及瓦当、滴水等共有龙纹2632条,外檐额枋及门窗彩绘包括饰件共有龙纹5732条,殿内檐及殿内梁枋天花上共有龙纹4037条,殿中金柱、藻井、宝座、屏风及陈设上共有龙纹609条,殿内墙壁及暖阁门罩等共有龙纹542条。这是个尚不完全的统计,太和殿内外的龙纹、龙雕等各种形式的龙就有13 844条之多。这种万龙朝圣的装潢设计,构成了一种威严神秘的氛围,以获得神化皇帝、恫吓臣民的效果。

三大殿院内为何不种树

有人撰文提出三大殿院内不种树,主要是出自烘托意境的需要。太和殿、中和殿、保殿并称外朝三大殿,是皇帝举行盛典的地方,从位置上说居整个外宫建筑的中心,也是整个北京城的中心。为了突出这组宫殿的威严气势,建筑上采取了许多手法,其一便是院内不植树,从皇城正门天安门起,经端门、午门、太和门,这之间的一系列庭院内都无树木(现在端门前后的树是辛亥革命以后种植的)。当时人们去朝见天子,进入天安门,经过漫长御道,在层层起伏变化的建筑空间中行进,会感到一种无形的,不断增长的精神压力,最后进入太和门,看到宽阔的广场与高耸在三重台基上的巍峨大殿,这种精神压力达到顶点。宽阔的广场、蓝蓝的天空,把三大殿映衬得更加威严壮观。而这正是至高无上的天子对自己臣民所要求的。如果在这些庭院内都种上树,绿荫宜人,小鸟鸣叫,那将会破坏朝廷的威严氛围。

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篇4:故宫导游词中英文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1439 字

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各位游客朋友们:

Dear visitors friends:

欢迎大家来到故宫,我是你们的导游——丫丫。

Welcome to the Palace Museum, I am your tour guide, ya ya.

相信大家都知道,故宫又名紫禁城。它是我国现存最完整的古代建筑。它总面积是72万左右,也是世界著名的艺术馆,其中很多文物是绝无仅有的国宝。

Believe we all know, the imperial palace and the Forbidden City. It is the most complete existing ancient buildings in China. Its total area is about 720xx0, is the world famous art museum, many cultural relics is a national treasure.

这是午门,是宫殿的正门。它的地位十分重要。许多重大的仪式都是在这里举行的。说道午门大家会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话。其实纯属误会。过去,皇上和大臣议政总有意见不同的时候。在明朝时就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股,可不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里面还要灌上水银,具说是为了加大杀伤力,几仗下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终身残疾。这件恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成“退出午门斩首”了

This is the meridian gate, is the main entrance of the palace. It is very important. Many great ceremony are held here. Meridian gate you will think of "exit the meridian gate beheaded" this sentence. It is a misunderstanding. In the past, the emperor and his ministers council always have different opinions. In the Ming dynasty can break his ministers to the meridian gate for external use bamboo to be spanked, dont look down upon this bamboo, it is a kind of bamboo wankou thick, inside irrigation on the mercury, even, in order to increase the damage, several wars can were raw. Be dozen deathless also want to permanently disabled. This horror from the palace to folk, it gradually became "exit the meridian gate beheaded"

怎么样?先不要激动,前面的美景正等着咱们呢!

? Dont be excited, first in front of the beautiful scenery waiting for us!

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篇5:关于怎样写关于故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1133 字

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北京故宫导游词

大家好,欢迎来到故宫参观,我姓陈,您们叫我陈导就行了。我先给大家介绍一下故宫的概况,之后介绍太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫、和。故宫,又名紫禁城,是我国重要的历史保护文物,1987年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。紫禁城的由来有两种说法,第一种是依照中国古代星象学说:北极星在中天,故宫正好对着北极星,天人对应;第二种是:因为故宫是紫色的,又是禁城,所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣开始营造这座宫殿,到明永乐十八年(1420年)落成。在之后五百多年里,共有24位皇帝在那里生活居住。紫禁城周围有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m,东西宽753m,占地面积达72万。故宫建筑布局沿中轴线向两侧展开,宫殿建筑总面积达163,000。太和殿是皇上召集大臣上朝和商议国家大事的地方。自1420年建成后屡遭焚毁,又多次重建,这天看到的是清代康熙三十四年(1695年)重建的。太和殿建筑面积2377,相当于50个教室,高35.05m,相当于10层楼那么高,为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。太和殿装饰十分豪华,殿内金砖铺地,设有宝座。说是金砖,但是金砖不是用金子做的,金砖是专供宫殿使用的一种高质量的铺地方砖,产自苏州、松江等地,选料精良,制作工艺复杂。因其质地坚细

,敲起来发出金属般声音,故名金砖。太和殿前有宽阔的平台,称为丹陛,俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一,铜龟、铜鹤各一对,铜鼎18座。大家往太和殿两侧看,是不是有很多个大水缸?它是干什么的呢,对了,是灭火的。大水缸的下面有一个凹槽,是因为冬天水会结冰,往凹槽里放火把就能不让水结冰。太和殿是故宫里最总要重要的宫殿,许多历史决策都是从那里出去的。太和殿后是中和殿,是皇上上朝前休息的地方。保和殿位于中和殿后,是殿试的地方。考试的第一名叫状元,第二名称为磅眼,第三名是探花。不知皇帝端坐在上上面,考生是不是会紧张的发抖。皇帝把殿试安排在宫殿内,可见皇帝是多莫重视殿试。故宫后半部分是皇帝和妃子们生活和居住的地方。乾清宫是后宫最大的宫殿,是皇上的寝宫。宫内宝座上方悬“正大光明”匾,据传皇帝把自己立的太子名字放在“正大光明”匾后,用这种方法确定皇位继承人,减少为争夺皇位自相惨杀。坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫,它是唯一一座在中轴线上的妃子的寝宫,也是距离乾清宫最近的,体现了皇后在后宫中至高无上的地位,“一个成功男人的背后总有一个成功的女人”这句话在那里得到了印证。在坤宁宫前有个小的宫殿交泰殿,它是皇后在千秋节日收贺礼的地方。我们参观的只是中

轴线上的重要宫殿,中轴线的后面是御花园,两旁还有一些宫殿,前半部分是以太和殿为中心,后半部分是一些妃子和宫女的寝宫。此刻解说完毕,请大家自由参观。

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篇6:北京故宫导游词讲解

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 638 字

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家好!我是本次导游赵虹杰,大家必须都明白北京故宫吧没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产,是明、清两代的皇宫,也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心,旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入,穿过一片青砖铺地的广场,便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼,穿过午门,有广阔的大庭院,在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中,有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门,就进入了故宫的“外朝”,故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,也称为“前朝”。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事,听说它被天火焚毁过三次,也修好过三次,并且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心,两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫,绕过内廷,我们最之后到了御花园,御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来,会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫,能够从天安门进,也能够由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿,穿过乾清门,便进入内廷,内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游,这三条路线只能游一条,一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说,用半天时间游故宫,比较吃力,想要知识更广,大家就再细细去游赏吧!

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篇7:北京密云司马台长城旅游_北京导游词_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 1998 字

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北京密云司马长城旅游

司马台长城位于北京东北部120公里的险关重镇古北口境内,此段长城始建于明洪武初年,是一段偏离原北齐长城基础的明长城,也是至今仍保留代长城原貌的一段古长城。

司马台长城,全长5.4公里,敌楼35座。整段长城构思精巧、设计奇特、构思新颖、形态各异,它集万里长城众多特色于一地,形成一段“奇妙的长城”。

综观司马台长城,可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险:司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑,蜿蜒曲折,惊险无比,尤其是天梯和天桥两段,更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城,坡陡墙窄,最窄处不足半米,呈直梯壮沿山体上升,两侧更是陡峭悬崖,置身其上,俯首下望,令人目眩。天梯顶端,便是天桥,长不逾百米,宽只有一砖,约40厘米左右,两侧又是悬崖绝壁,令人不寒而栗,英雄气短,游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥,但到这里的人们却都说:“过桥难,难于上青天”,这里可说是明长城中依山设险,险上加险的最险要地段之一。密:是司马台长城又一特点,两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米,最远600米,一般都在100-------200米之间,若按当时明代筑长城的规定,每500米修敌楼一座的话,可见此段长城是一例外。全:是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看,敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼,有单层楼,上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼,大小不一、形态组合各异,是按驻军的官衔等级,驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看,有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构;又有单室、双室、多室之分;房间布局有“田”字、“井”字;楼顶变化多端,有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶;就连门窗也新颖别致,有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券,还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼,望京楼是司马台长城的制高点,海拔986米,为空心三眼楼,二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔,隐约可见北京城轮廓,故称望京楼。望京楼头,东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山,尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座,掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中,下部条石合缝,上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱,三条甬道,十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井,四边砌四个砖柱,游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕,整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之感。仿佛它不是人间战争的防御设施,而是一座仙境楼阁。此外、城墙的构造更是匠心独运,富于变化。因地形和军事上的需要,城墙又分为单边墙、双边墙和障墙,有砖砌、石砌及砖石混合砌,城墙上的箭孔疏密也从几十个直到上百个。巧:体现为进可攻,退可守,步步为营的障墙。而小天梯上的障墙,可谓登峰造极,在20多米的垂直落差内从最顶上的障墙箭孔,一直可以通过所有障墙的射孔,到达最下的射孔,精巧之至,另人赞叹。由此可以想像昔日戌边将士苦战御敌的战争场面。奇:构筑在溶洞上的长城,洞与城的巧妙组合,在整个明长城中绝无仅有,令人称奇叫绝。

司马台长城虽以山势险陡、长城雄奇为主景,却不乏碧波荡漾、湖光帆影的优美环境,长城角下的鸳鸯湖赋予了这段长城以灵性,清澈的湖水,是由水量充沛、四季凉爽的冷泉和冬季热气喷涌、水温常年在38℃的温泉汇聚而成的,湖水冷暖各半,经东历夏,从不结冰。夏季里荡舟湖上,清风徐来,让人神清气爽,心旷神怡。

司马台长城不仅有奇丽的风光,亦是一座文化遗产的宝库。今年来,在这段长城上发现了许多长城文物,其中:有石刻“题名碑”,碑上记载着当年修建长城时的情况以及与建城有关的官员的名字,同时这里还发现几处城墙和敌楼上有带戳印文字的砖,上面刻的都是参加修建长城的军队名称和年代,如“万历五年山东左营造”、“万历五年宁夏营造”等等。长城砖上带有戳印文字,在其它长城上也是及为少

见。在修复这段长城清基过程中,又清出一批出土文物:有当年守城将士使用过的各种武器,其中有铁炮、石炮、铁镞铁铳、手雷、三眼铳。铁弹丸、火药勺等,还有守城战士用过的生产生活用具,其中有锄头、铁铲、菜刀、铁灯碗等等,以上这些文物很珍贵,它为研究明代长城及明代历史提供了价值很高的事物资料。

长城是中国也是世界上非常重要的文化遗产,司马台长城则是这份遗产中的一颗明珠,为了更好地保护这段长城,并满足广大中外游客更好地领略长城的风采,司马台长城景区一手抓文物保护工作,一手抓旅游开发建设,使司马台长城这一世界文化瑰宝无愧于时代,无愧于著名长城专家罗哲文教授的评价:“中国长城是世界之最,而司马台长城是中国长城之最。”

司马台还为游客提供登城隐形索道、游览峡谷索桥、鸳鸯湖上泛舟、游泳、垂钓、住宿、小型会议、山寨野味等服务。6月举办司马台长城国际滑翔节、8月举办文化节、9月举办登城比赛。

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篇8:北京颐和园导游词400字范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 399 字

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尊敬的游客:

大家好!我是王导游,很高兴为大家服务,今天我们来到美丽的颐和园游玩,希望大家不要乱扔垃圾,破坏它的美丽!

我们现在来到了有名的长廊,它共273间,全长七百多米。每一间的横槛上都绘有彩画。两边的花草树木郁郁葱葱,一种花没谢,另一种花又开了。

不知不觉中,我们已经来到了万寿山下,大家看到那金碧辉煌的宫殿了吗?那是排云殿。大家知道吗?排云殿是慈禧在园内过生日时接受贺拜的地方。

现在我们已经登上万寿山,这里是观看颐和园美景的最佳地方。正前面,昆明湖静得像一面镜子。绿得像一块碧玉。不知你们是否有同感?那我们下山游览一番吧!

现在我们来到了昆明湖,湖中有个小岛,岛上一片葱郁,通过我们面前这座桥,就可以到小岛上去玩。这座桥有十七个桥洞,叫做十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱,柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子,姿态不一。

这么多美景,说也说不尽,现在大家自由活动,继续欣赏美景,一小时后在湖中的小岛准时集合!

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篇9:北京旅游德语导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 8664 字

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(nach dem Betreten des Meridian-Tores) wenn Sie in die Verbotene Stadteintreten, ist das erste was Sie sehen MenschenWarum sind so viele Leutehier?Denn w?hrend der Yongle-Zeit der Ming-Dynastie dauerte es eine MillionArbeiter 14-Jahre, um die Verbotene Stadt zu bauen, die der grte Palast derWelt ist und sehr berühmt ist.Zehntausende Touristen kommen jeden Taghierher.

Das Gebiet der Verbotenen Stadt ist etwa doppelt so gro? wie derTiananmen-Platz, grer als der Versailles-Palast und etwa zehnmal so gro? wieder Heian-Tempel in Japan.Die Geschichte der Verbotenen Stadt begann vor 570Jahren. Bitte bringen Sie Ihre Gedanken zurück nach 570 Jahren und besuchen Siedie Verbotene Stadt!

Dieses Geb?ude ist das südliche Haupttor der Verbotenen Stadt, das MeridianGate genannt wird.Mittags ist Mittag, was bedeutet in der Mitte.Unter demMeridian Tor gibt es fünf B?gen. Nur der Kaiser kann in und aus dem mittlerenTor. Selbst die hochrangigen Minister k?nnen nur die Tore auf beiden Seitennutzen. Die lokalen Beamten k?nnen nur die kleinen Tore an den beiden Endennutzen.Diese sind streng nach Identit?t und Rang geregelt.In der Vergangenheitkonnte nur die K?nigin das Meridian Gate betreten, als sie verheiratet war, undanderen Frauen wurde verboten, das Meridian Gate zu betreten.Natürlich kannjetzt jeder eintreten.In der Vergangenheit waren sie so streng mit denVertrauten des Kaisers, ganz zu schweigen vom einfachen Volk.Nicht mal in derN?he der Verbotenen Stadt.Deshalb wird die Verbotene Stadt auch Verbotene Stadtgenannt.Lila ist lila.In der Vergangenheit gab es einen Sohn des Himmelsherrn.Natürlich musste der Ort, an dem ich lebte, ein lila Palast sein!Also wurde einlila Wort benutzt.Das Wort "Verbot" bezieht sich auf das Wort "kein Eintrag",was "kein Eintrag" bedeutet.

Der Weg in der Mitte ist dem Kaiser gewidmet.Dies ist die zentrale Achseder Verbotenen Stadt und der gesamten Stadt Beijing.Die meisten Hauptgeb?ude inPeking sind entlang dieser Achse gebaut, und die Geb?ude auf beiden Seiten sindmeist symmetrisch.Der Palast des Kaisers befindet sich in der Mitte derMittelachse, was zeigt, dass "unter dem Himmel ich der Einzige bin".Die Stra?eist aus Marmor.Diese Marmorstra?e ist h?her als die Stra?en auf beidenSeiten.Als der Kaiser diesen Teil der Stra?e gehen wollte, musste er Teppicheund andere Dinge darauf legen, also war es hoch.Obwohl der Kaiser klein war, warer gro? und m?chtig, als er darauf ging!

Der Kaiser ist ein gro?er Mann, und die Tür in der Mitte ist auch eingro?er Mann.Immer, wenn der Kaiser durch die mittlere Tür kam, l?utete er dieGlocke und Trommel.Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong Dong, Dong,Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong,Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong,Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong, Dong!Der Kaiser fühlte in seinem Herzen:Laozi ist immernoch gro?artig!Als n?chstes tun wir alle so, als w?ren wir der Kaiser underleben das Gefühl des Kaisers laufen!

Dieses Geb?ude wird Taihe-Tor genannt, das grte Holztor in der VerbotenenStadt.Vor dem Tor befinden sich zwei L?wen, die in der Ming-Dynastie aus Bronzehergestellt wurden.L?we stark, brüllend, so dass Tiere Angst haben, hier, imNamen der Majest?t des Kaisers.Es gibt etwas aus Stein wie ein Briefkasten. Esist ein Minister. Wenn Sie nach dem Kaiser fragen, sollten Sie eine Bewerbungschreiben und es in sie setzen. Der Diener des Kaisers wird es dem Kaiserübermitteln: "Lang lebe, ist es in Ordnung für diese Person, um ein Treffen zubitten?"Gut. Gut.Ja, ja.Du kannst einsteigen.Wenn Kaiser Gef?ngnis: "Auf keinenFall!"Die Person, die fragt, wird ausgemustert.Auf der anderen Seite gibt esetwas aus Stein. Seine Form ist wie ein gro?es Siegel, das die Macht des Kaiserssymbolisiert.Das hei?t: Laozi s Macht ist so fest wie ein Fels, egal, was sichin der Welt ?ndert, Laozis Macht wird sich niemals ?ndern!

Das Haupthaus vor ihm hei?t Taihe Hall. Es ist das grte Geb?ude in derVerbotenen Stadt und das h?chste Geb?ude in Peking in der Vergangenheit.DerKaiser befahl, dass das Haus von niemandem h?her sein sollte als von Laozi.Somusste Beijing Bungalows bauen, Beijing war früher als die "Stadt der Bungalows"bekannt.

Der Platz unten ist Taihe Hall Square. Warum bauen Sie so einen gro?enPlatz?Wenn wir diesen Platz nicht bauen oder einen kleinen Platz bauen, dannwerden die Menschen die Pracht der Halle Taihe nicht spüren.Nur um einen sogro?en Platz zu bauen, stehen Sie hier und schauen Sie über: Unter dem blauenHimmel leuchten die gelben Fliesen.Und die wei?e Steinplattform unten gibt denMenschen ein Gefühl von Luxus und Sch?nheit.Als die Zeremonie stattfand, sa? derKaiser auf dem Thron in der Mitte des Taihischen Saals, und die zivilen undmilit?rischen Beamten knieten auf dem Platz nieder.Zu dieser Zeit wurden grüneBl?tter und Kiefernzweige in das gro?e Stativ auf der steinernen Plattformgelegt, um zu verbrennen, was den Rauch herum gew?lbt hat. Die Halle von SupremeHarmony war wie ein Pavillon in der Wolke. Die Zivil- und Milit?rbeamten sahensich den Pavillon in der Wolke an und riefen lange Leben. Man kann sichvorstellen, wie gut sich der Kaiser auf dem Thron fühlte.

Obwohl es zehn Meter hohe W?nde und 52 Meter breite Gr?ben um die VerboteneStadt gab, war der Kaiser immer noch besorgt, dass jemand einen Tunnel in dieVerbotene Stadt graben würde, um ihn zu ermorden. Er war so ver?ngstigt, dass ernicht gut schlafen konnte. Er schlug sein Gehirn, um einen Weg zu finden, dashei?t, den Platz mit 15-Schichten Ziegelsteinen horizontal und vertikal zuverlegen.Aus diesem Vorfall k?nnen wir sehen, wie heftig der Machtkampf damalswar!W?hrend der Zeremonie riefen die Zivil- und Milit?roffiziere drei Mal langeLeben, aber der Kaiser war immer noch misstrauisch: dieser Kerl, dieser Kerl,vielleicht ein Kerl wollte Lao Tzu ermorden, aber er hat nicht daraufgeachtet!Die Ziegelschicht des Quadrats ist etwa drei oder vier Meter tief.

(auf der steinernen Plattform der Halle des H?chsten Harmony) hei?t diesesDing aus Stein Jialiang. Jialiang war damals das Standardma?. Es zeigte, dassder Kaiser fair war. Er wusste, wer halb ein Jin war und wer acht Liang war.Aufder gegenüberliegenden Seite befindet sich auch ein Stein, der Sonnenuhr genanntwird.Die Aussprache ist die gleiche wie das Tagebuch, aber es ist kein Tagebuch.Es ist eine Steinuhr, um die Zeit anzusehen.Die Bedeutung des Kaisers ist: hierist der Ma?stab für Gewicht und Zeit.

Dort drüben gibt es Kr?ne und Schildkr?ten. Sie sind das Symbol derLanglebigkeit.China unterscheidet sich jedoch von Japan, da es "zehntausendJahre alter Kran, tausend Jahre alter Schildkr?te" genannt wird.Warum ist dieAussage anders?Wahrscheinlich in der Vergangenheit, nachdem sie Worte und S?tzein China gelernt hatten, kehrten japanische Schüler mit dem Boot nach Hause.Aufgrund der Turbulenzen des Bootes waren ihre Gedanken verwirrt und ihreErinnerungen wurden umgekehrt.Es gibt auch viele Beispiele, wie: Japan betontgute Frauen und gute Mütter, China betont gute Frauen und gute Mütter; Japanbetont Frieden, China betont Frieden; Japan betont die Universit?t des Rechtsund der Politik, die die Universit?t der politischen Wissenschaft und des Rechtsin China genannt wird.Die Bedeutung des Artikels ist genau die gleiche, aber nurin unterschiedlicher Reihenfolge, wahrscheinlich aufgrund der Turbulenzen desBootes.Der Kran und die Schildkr?te sind nicht nur Dekorationen, sondern auchZenser.Ihre Rücken sind mit Deckeln bedeckt. Wenn die Zeremonie gehalten wird,heben sie die Deckel und legen sie in Sandelholz, um zu verbrennen. Der Rauchstr?mt langsam aus ihren Mündern, als ob sie alle Wolken schlucken.

Bitte betrachten Sie den Platz von der Steinplattform zurück.Wir habenkeine B?ume gesehen, seit wir in die Verbotene Stadt kamen.Warum pflanzst dunicht an so einem weiten Ort einen Baum?Nicht um Morde zu verhindern, sondern umeine Atmosph?re zu schaffen.Wenn ein Baum gepflanzt wird, wird er grün sein, unddie V?gel werden darauf singen und singen, was den Geschmack des Lebens zeigenwird.Wenn Sie es nicht pflanzen, wird es eine feierliche Atmosph?reschaffen.Stellen wir uns vor: in der Vergangenheit, als Minister und Vasallenden Kaiser sehen wollten, mussten sie alle von Tiananmen Gate rein gehen, aufdie weite Stra?e gehen und die hohen Geb?ude anschauen. In der feierlichenAtmosph?re fühlten Minister und Vasallen immer mehr Druck. Als sie zum Kaiserkamen, fielen sie natürlich mit zitternden Beinen nieder.

Aixinjueluo Puyi, der letzte Kaiser in der chinesischen Geschichte, wurdeKaiser, als er drei Jahre alt war.Beginnen wir fünf Minuten freie Aktivit?t undversammeln uns in fünf Minuten am kühlen Ort.

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篇10:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网

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故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

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篇11:北京天坛导游词400字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 553 字

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尊敬的女士们、先生们、小朋友们:

大家好!

我是今天的导游盛泽西,大家可以叫我小盛。今天我们要参观的是天坛,它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天,我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑,共度这段美好的时光,预祝大家玩得愉快!。

天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的场所,始建于明永乐20xx年(1420xx年),以后经过不断的扩建,至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始,一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛,一直延续了490年,直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制结束,它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被辟为公园,从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米,保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群,有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐,树龄逾数百年。

天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛,也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶,其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望,也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们,我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处,请大家批评指正,谢谢!

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篇12:经典北京八达岭长城导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 401 字

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大家好!我是来自莞英旅游团的导游,我姓王,大家可以叫我“小王”或“王导”。

我们来到了长城脚下,大家看到这些方砖了吗?它们一块有三千公斤重,也许你们会问“古代劳动人民怎么运上八达岭呢?”告诉你们吧,就靠着他们的无数的肩膀无数的手抬上来的,关于长城有这么一个传说——冰道运石,当初,修建长城时,需要成千上万块长2米、宽0。5米、厚0。3米的石条,工匠们在黑山将石条凿好后,却没有人抬得起,车拉不动,且山高路远,无法运输,大伙儿边凿石条边发愁:“眼看冬天就要来了,石条还没有运出一块,若要耽误工期,没有工钱是小,这脑袋就难保了!”

大家正长吁短叹,这时,忽然山顶一声闷雷,从天飘下一张锦旗,写着“冰道”二字,大家恍然大悟,按旗行事。等冬季来到后,众人从山上往长城修一条路,在上面泼水,立刻结成冰道,然后把石条放上去滑行,非常顺利地运输走。以上是冰道运石的故事,可见劳动人民多么具有智慧,剩下时间大家自由参观吧!

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篇13:北京北海公园景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 890 字

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游客朋友们:  您们好,欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心,是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一,距今已有近千年的历史。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷),主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成琼华岛上树木苍郁,殿宇栉比,亭台楼阁,错落有致,白塔耸立山巅,成为公园的标志,环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多著名景点,北海园林博采众长,有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵,并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆,气象万千而又浑然一体,是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。北海位于北京故宫西北,是我国现存历史悠久、规模宏伟的一处古代帝王宫苑。素有人间“仙山琼阁”之美誉这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个朝代的皇家“离宫御苑。明、清两代,北海与中海、南海合称三海清乾隆年间大规模扩建,现存建筑多为那时所建,基本上已是现在的格局了。

北海全区可分为琼华岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼华岛是全园的中心,岛上建筑、造景繁复多变,堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主,永安寺、正觉殿、白塔,自下而上,高低错落,其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主,另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处,各具特色,有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城,以永安桥与琼华岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置,主殿承光殿位于中央,规模宏大,造型精巧。

北海公园的面积为68公顷,其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局,以白塔为中心,以琼华岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年),内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连,形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动,构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴,为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。对于北海公园的介绍就到这里,接下来请大家自由参观。

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篇14:最新的北京司马台长城导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 782 字

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司马台明朝长城边塞在军事上分为九个镇辖区。密云属蓟镇辖区,该区东起山海关,西至居庸关的灰岭口,全长1200多里。这蓟镇长城段当时受着蒙古部族的严重威胁,蒙古部族俺答时常入关,向北京城外侵袭,甚至常常直入昌平、通县等地抢夺财物,骚挠百姓,直逼北京城,所以蓟镇长城具有至关重要的防御作用。

密云段长城全长425里,明蓟镇建立了墙子路、曹家路、古北口、石塘路和以石匣为中心的四个军营及重要关口,每路分负长城若干段的关隘和敌楼。平时练兵,战时打仗,形成系统的战备防御工事。

蓟镇是明朝名将刘应节、谭纶及抗倭名将总兵戚继光等指挥设计和修建的。这段长城具有墙高、墙宽厚的特点,并且在重要地段修筑仔墙、敌楼,峰火台密集,多种形状,多种用途,集全国长城之特点。

居庸关八达岭长城的旅游开展得早,这里就成了观看蓟镇长城的著名的景点。此后,为了缓解八达岭人满之患,又有慕田峪、金山岭长城被开壁观光。不过,1986年开始修复的司马台长城,游人至今寥寥。原因是,司马台地处密云东北角与河北省的交界处,从北京出发,到司马台所需的路程,比到八达岭稍远了一些。

北京一些古文物遗址的修复,曾受到国内外专家的批评,认为没有注意维护遗址的原状,也不够注意环境的艺术风貌。司马台长城因开发得较晚,吸取了教训,故从一开始便有“整旧如旧,整残如残”之说。必不可少的维护加固工作,全以保留残损颓旧的外貌为原则,切忌新鲜完整。整体环境也十分注重,举目四望,没有新建的楼堂馆所。只见群山苍莽壮阔,长城拖着那残迹斑斑的躯体,仿佛就这样从历史的风云中走来,能给人以真切的历史感。它的修复工作受到联合国教科文组织的赞誉。

檀州故郡,倚燕山而壮美;司马古台,矗国魂而威风。长城之最,华夏之骄;云水漫溯,飞龙欲腾。二郎担山,神话随风溢彩;继光御寇,英名传世留芳。和风畅舞,旭日徐升;山盈紫气,城幻龙形。游人赞而风醉,雅士来而诗成。

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篇15:简单的北京龙庆峡导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1724 字

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各位游客:

你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游

小三峡胜似三峡,山比三峡险。小漓江赛过漓江,水比漓江清。横批:塞外一绝

这是游人曾为龙庆峡拟的一副对联,或许,它道出了这片奇山丽水的底蕴;或许,那更深的体现和感悟,用一副对联是难以穷尽的。但龙庆峡就是龙庆峡,它既有南国山水的柔媚与婉约,又不失北方山水的雄健与阳刚,它是集南北山水之大成,而出落成的一颗塞外璀璨的明珠……. 水作青罗带,山如碧玉簪。

乘船游龙庆峡,仿佛是用手徐徐展开的一轴山水长卷,漓江风韵扑面而来,游人无处不在画境中。那山,群峰屏列,逶迤嵯峨,随形寓意,依貌称名,大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观,附丽了人的感情,山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水,碧波清流,九曲萦回,绿得氤氲,柔的纤缱,拓山光鸟影于怀,纳长天白云在胸。山回水转,水贯山行,可谓"崖出疑无路,云开别有天"。

龙庆峡的盛夏,气候凉爽,空气清新,气温低于北京城区6度,甚至比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬,结冰期较长,异常寒冷,于是,这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩,峡谷,一个冰雕玉砌的世界,一个北国冰雪的乐园。

而历史的脚印,山间古刹庙宇,又为这明丽的山水之梦,着了一笔古铜的底色,令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合,孤峰独峙之巅,1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采,在云雾缥渺,树木蓊郁当中,层层崇台,依山叠砌,殿宇楼堂,鳞次栉比,翠瓦丹墙,飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶,主阁俨然,重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起,回头万壑低”。

龙庆峡位于北京市延庆县城东北10公里的古城村西北的古城河口,距北京城区85公里。龙庆峡古称"古城九曲",被人们誉为北京的"小漓江",是北京十六景之一。其水源于海坨山东麓,经玉渡山汇入古城水库。

延庆的龙庆峡峰峦峭立,山清水秀,7公里长的峡谷既有南方的秀丽,又有北方的雄奇,开阔与幽深间或,险峻与浅滩并存,神仙院、金刚寺、玉泉阁、神笔峰等奇山异景胜似仙境,到了冬天又成为冰雕和冰灯的世界。每年的冰灯节吸引了众多的八方宾客。

北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山,其宽有四五十米,大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面,墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山,峭壁直立,像刀切似的,足有几十丈高,“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡,大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带,曲曲弯弯,山不转水转,仿佛永无尽头,每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石,有的像出鞘的剑,有的像举起的大锤,有的像昂首的虎,有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。

两边的崖岸之上,有镇山如来、石?熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石,堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇,又兼有江南的秀丽,可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。

该景区集南方山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体,峡谷曲折蜿蜒,河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻,森林茂密,裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型,特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层,与漓江山石极相似,只是当您抬头观望山峰时,才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。龙庆峡南面为八达岭长城,西北为松山森林公园,正西是海坨山。

景区内的古城水库始建于1973年,历时8年竣工。库区面积119平方公里,可蓄水850万立方米。这一人工湖的建成,既解决了灌溉用水,也使景区更加绚丽多姿。最为壮观的是矗立于古城河口72米高的双曲拱坝,可谓京郊第一。大坝与仿古建筑“玉都山庄”构成美丽的景观。夏秋两季,游人乘船到峡谷游览,最为惬意。在峡区的几座山顶上,新建了30多座形如向日葵的彩色凉亭龙庆峡景区内有许多名胜佳迹:神仙院、玉皇顶、棋盘石、魔王树、天池、金刚寺以及附近的萧太后宫等。1991年,景区为向现代化旅游区发展,增设了一些游乐项目,如“魔幻世界”、“碰碰车”、“无幕影院”等。从一九八七年开始每到严冬时节,龙庆峡总要举办一年一度的冰灯艺术节。龙庆峡的冰灯,办出了自己的特色。

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篇16:魅力北京导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3755 字

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北京昌平县境内,有一处明代帝王陵墓群,即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内,埋葬着明代13位帝王,23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

概况

明永乐五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人,在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处,朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说,昌平北有吉壤,可做万年寿域,名黄土山,山前有龙、虎二山,形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意,决定在此建造皇陵,改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年(1409)正式建陵,到永乐十一年竣工,即长陵。明代历朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定,陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至),小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏,最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北,威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们(金人)的祖坟在房山,如捣毁,清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年(1622)派人毁房山金陵,并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后,采取同样的报复手段,破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年,为了拢络汉人,曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期,1914年左右,当地豪绅争夺产权,明陵又遭破坏。

陵墓区范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起,依山而筑,设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口,各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无,但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

陵墓中轴线

石牌坊

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼,高14米,宽28?86米,建于嘉靖十九年(1540),是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕,刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙,造型生动。

大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞,旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护,任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者,以谋大逆论,不分首从,俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩,家属发往边疆充军。

碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑,即长陵的神功圣德碑,高三丈(该碑正式建立于宣德十年,即公元1435年)。正面为神功圣德碑文,3000余字,明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年(1785),清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》,详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录,西侧是嘉庆九年(1804)清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群,24兽,12人,共18对,36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹,二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门,在此处有"天门"之意,门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表,三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠,故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座,通往长陵陵门。

长陵

长陵是十三陵中第一陵,占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。

陵园平面布局

陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到?恩门。陵门内东西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座,无碑文,建于嘉靖十五年(1536)。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后,于顺治十六年(1659),在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从?恩门至内红门。院内?恩殿宽9间,深5间,重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱,当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛,供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间,现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊,依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜,也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式,建于方城之上,四出陛,额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"(朱棣原来的庙号),后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖,未换石碑,只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年(1604)雷击起火,木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城,城内园丘即宝顶,周一百丈,下面即地宫。

东西井

长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南,西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍,虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟(竖葬)叫"井"。

定陵

定陵在昭陵东北大峪山(原名小峪山)下,埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年(1583)朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区,最后决定在小峪山为己建陵,改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石,工程量级大,有人谏阻其不听,决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工,至万历十八年竣工,历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后,28岁的万历皇帝,曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺,然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君,在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。

景观介绍

神功圣德碑

该碑是无字碑,碑身为精美的青白石石雕,碑首云龙交盘,游水戏珠,碑座是一个昂首远眺石,下面有海水波纹。碑身背面有一碗口大白痕,似满月,洁白晶莹,故该碑俗称月亮碑。传说几百年前月亮碑能发光,还能随朔望而圆缺,后来因陵园遭火,失去了灵气。

恩门、恩殿遗址

陵恩殿也叫享殿,原来建筑面阔为7间。清兵入关后,曾遭破坏。乾隆五十年整修过一次,将陵恩殿由大改小,改为五间。到1914年左右,又一次被烧毁,现在可以看到陵恩门、陵恩殿殿基遗址。

陈列室

明楼前庭院两侧辟有定陵出土文物陈列室。南侧为第一陈列室,主要陈列万历皇帝的出土文物(包括复制品),如谥宝、谥册、金冠、玉带、盔甲、刀剑、金银器皿、丝织品等。北侧为第二陈列室,主要陈列孝端、孝靖两皇后的随葬品,其中一顶凤冠为十二龙九凤,一顶为六龙三凤。冠上金龙口衔宝珠、饰满朵朵翠云,中心是以宝石缀成的珠花……定陵中出土文物共有3000多件。

明楼

这是定陵地面保存最好的建筑,因其通体皆石,斗拱梁枋全由石料雕成,再漆饰彩绘,美观大方不怕火烧。十三陵中,只永、定二陵明楼为石质。明楼内的石碑、碑额篆书"大明"二字,碑身刻"神宗显皇帝之陵"七字。神宗是庙号。历史上皇帝死去之后,按照习惯要由他的子孙和臣子拟定一个比较好听的文字给予追加封号,称为"谥法"。朱翊钧的谥号是"范天合道,哲肃敦简,光文章武,安仁止孝,显皇帝"。"显"字是他谥号的简称。

宝城

明楼两侧,连接着宝城。宝城是一道圆形的大墙,用城砖垒起,周长约750米,宝城的垛口,是仿照永陵的做法,全部用花斑石垒砌,清朝破坏明陵时,把这些花斑石毁掉,现在陵院中还可见到零星的花斑石。宝城内土丘,即是宝顶,宝顶下面为地宫。

关于两位附葬皇后

孝端皇后死于万历四十八年(1620)四月,未过百日,同年七月朱翊钧驾崩,故二人梓宫同时葬入地宫。孝靖王氏位份低下,因其?NFDBE?生之子朱常洛于万历二十九年册立为太子,母以子贵,于万历三十四年晋封为皇贵妃。万历三十九年,王氏皇贵妃病故。按制,贵妃不能入地宫,故埋在天寿山东井附近的平冈地。万历帝死后,太子继位,本应为其母迁坟安葬,但朱常洛只做了29天皇帝就一命呜呼了。熹宗朱由校继位,年号天启,追封孝靖为皇太后,于万历四十八年十月迁祖母坟附葬定陵地宫。

地宫(玄宫)

发掘经过:9岁的赵其昌任发掘队长,郑振铎指导工作,1956年5月开始先试掘定陵。 从定陵宝城内侧开了宽3?5米,长20米的第一条探沟。3个月后,发现了隧道的一端。这是由两道大墙夹着的露天大道,梓宫过后又用黄土回填。在明楼西面又开了宽10米、长30米的第二条探沟。1956年9月3日,当挖到7?5米深时发现了一块小石碑,上刻"此石至金刚墙前皮十六丈,深三丈五尺"字样。对此碑的看法意见不一,但根据石碑所指,在1957年5月于隧道尽头,发现了一堵大墙,当是金刚墙。墙上有凹痕,显然是门的痕迹。拆开缺口,顺绳下去,除地面上散落的料珠及铺地的木料外,无他物,此处肯定不是地宫。发掘者称其为隧道券。隧道券为砖顶拱券,一端有两扇大石门,九排门钉,兽首衔环,洁白光润,里面顶着"自来石"。工人仅用铁丝和木条,不到5分钟就巧妙地把沉睡了337年的地宫打开了。 定陵玄宫透视图 地宫内状况:地宫是陵墓中最主要的部分,由前、中、后和左、右五个厅组成。总深度27米,构筑面积1195平方米。地宫中共装有7座汉白玉门,高33米,宽18米,重4吨,上面横置2吨重的青铜门梁,衔住门枢。每扇门靠枢柱一边既重且厚, 向外渐薄,这样可使重心偏向门轴。因此,看上去很笨重的大门,开闭却很灵活。关门后有一"自来石"将门顶住,从外面开启困难。地上木板是为保护梓宫和墁地金砖而设的。中殿有三个汉白玉石宝座,座前各一副琉璃五供和一个青花云龙大瓷缸。缸中原盛香油,油上的小铜瓢和灯芯有铜管与油相通,即"长明灯"。打开地宫时,灯未长明,油表面数公分已凝固。三个宝座呈"品"字形,后来为了便于参观才改成"三"字形。后殿是最大的一个殿堂,棺床上停放着朱翊钧和他的两位皇后的梓宫。棺旁放着玉料和装着随葬品的红漆木箱。左右配殿亦有棺床,但无棺椁。棺床上有方孔,中填黄土,称"金井"。这是封建时代最高的"金井玉葬"葬礼。

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篇17:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1776 字

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大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过,那就让我来当一回导游吧!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家,后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状,抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤,所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉,一是京城中轴线,二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说:“皇上坐龙头,我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局,却还要龙尾行大事。”听听,和王申野心之勃勃,真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内,有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠,而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福,便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”,建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后,首先映入眼帘的,便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘,名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树,榆树的果、叶形似铜钱,每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时,和王申就会笑哈哈:“天上掉下的钱,进入我的‘聚宝盆’,地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走,便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门,色彩鲜艳,做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门,绕过“送子观音”石雕,便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园,修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖,一是故宫的太和殿,二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好,所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具,偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐,能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊,便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合,清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府,就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的,冬暖夏凉,和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋,前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿,有一条很特别的路,只有一节阶梯,然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路,因为和王申说过他这一世,只有年少时吃过苦,然后就一路平步青云,登上了“一人之下,万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯,免吃一点苦,直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事:当年孝庄太后年老病重之时,极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝,心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔,大笔一挥,写了一个“福”字。写完之后,玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力,十分潇洒。细一看,竟看见了多个词组:多田,多子,多才,多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意,便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果,久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜,决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传,让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中,就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下,只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福,寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说:“皇上是‘万岁’,我是‘万福’!”后来,嘉庆帝抄他家时,本想把福石搬回皇宫,可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了,他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山,在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙,寓意“龙坐江山”,嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”,便把福石留了下来。

我们刚才是“平步青云”而上,现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。

再沿着福山前的池塘流水走,便可来和王申家的钓鱼池,踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台,钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山,池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树,它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆,与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣,就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看,才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢:钓鱼台的栏杆,牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。

钓鱼池北岸上,还有一座形状奇特的阁楼,阁楼前种满了花草树木,据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后,说:“你把我玩弄于股掌之间,我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是,奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。

游完恭亲王府,我再次回首,看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸,心中百感交集:在这里住过的人,在自己事业走到颠峰时,却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。

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篇18:介绍故宫的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 600 字

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大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫,很高兴能为大家服务,我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭,大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在,大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明、清两代的皇宫,现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇,都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁,还分布着许多殿宇,也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线,就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计,有102653件,其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上,每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼,有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天,永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊,这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天,一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子,觉着笼子非常奇怪,就走过去看了看,一数,这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此,就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客,我们今天的游览马上就要结束了,对我今天的讲解,欢迎您提出意见和建议,我深表感谢。最后,祝大家玩得开心!谢谢!

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篇19:北京十渡导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 308 字

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十渡位于北京西南,属北京市房山区,与河北省涞水县野三坡相邻,距北京市区(六里桥)约90公里。

十渡是有山有水的自然风景区,独特的喀斯特地貌北方罕见,因为被评为世界地质公园,国家AAAA级风景区。

流经十渡的河名叫拒马河,十渡的山属太行山余脉。

十渡共有18个渡,每个渡都有不同的风景,当然10渡也非最美。十渡的游玩主要集中在六渡(孤山寨),九渡(拒马乐园),十五渡(东湖港),十七渡(有山家园,野战大东沟.真人CS),十八渡(拒马河第一漂)。相比较来说,17渡比较方便,离东湖港和漂流都很近。

十渡没有大门票,只有去各景点(如东湖港)或玩游乐项目才收门票。

十渡交通便利,可以坐公交917路或836路,乘火车,自驾,包车前往。

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篇20:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 334 字

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大家好,欢迎来到故宫参观。我姓王,大家可以叫我王导。希望我能到给你们最好的服务。

大家请跟我一起走进故宫的大门。首先我们来到的是乾清宫。乾清宫是明清两代皇帝在紫禁城中的居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫面阔九间,进深五间,高二十米,殿的正中有宝座,两头有暖阁。乾清宫始建于明代永乐十八年,明清两代曾因数次被焚毁而重建,现在的是清代嘉庆三年所建的。

来,大家请跟我继续往前走,现在展现在大家眼前的是太和殿。太和殿是“东方三大殿”之一,中国现存最大的木结构大殿,俗称“金鉴殿”。是明永乐十四年建成,称奉天殿。明嘉螼四十一年改成皇极殿,清顺治二年改称太和殿。建成后多次遭焚毁,多次重建,今殿为清康熙三十四年重建后行成。

由于时间关系,今天的参观就到这里。再见,希望我们还有机会再见。

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