北京颐和园导游词(精选20篇)

各位尊敬的游客朋友们，大家好!我是你们今天的导游蔡汶希，你们可以叫我蔡导游。我很高兴能和你们在一起，希望我们今天玩得开心!请大家跟我走。

我们现在去的是北京的颐和园。颐和园非常美丽，那里有花草的长廊，还有树木郁郁葱葱的万寿山。我们进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，就来到了非常有名的长廊。你们看，那绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。带了孩子的家长，请看管好您的孩子，别让他走丢了。这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。您看这些房子里每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。请你们再看两旁的花草树木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，让人神清气爽。在这么舒适宜人的地方，只能留下你们的脚印，只能留下你们的微笑，千万别在墙上留下你的大名。现在你们可以自由观赏，30分钟后在这里集合。

我们走完长廊，现在站在万寿山脚下。抬头一看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，那就是佛香阁。下面是一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。登上万寿山，站在佛香阁的前面向下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在颐和园度过的美好时光希望成为你们珍贵的记忆。也请你们把这么美好的记忆与你家人分享!谢谢，再见!

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

小三峡胜似三峡，山比三峡险。小漓江赛过漓江，水比漓江清。横批：塞外一绝

这是游人曾为龙庆峡拟的一副对联，或许，它道出了这片奇山丽水的底蕴;或许，那更深的体现和感悟，用一副对联是难以穷尽的。但龙庆峡就是龙庆峡，它既有南国山水的柔媚与婉约，又不失北方山水的雄健与阳刚，它是集南北山水之大成，而出落成的一颗塞外璀璨的明珠……. 水作青罗带，山如碧玉簪。

乘船游龙庆峡，仿佛是用手徐徐展开的一轴山水长卷，漓江风韵扑面而来，游人无处不在画境中。那山，群峰屏列，逶迤嵯峨，随形寓意，依貌称名，大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观，附丽了人的感情，山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水，碧波清流，九曲萦回，绿得氤氲，柔的纤缱，拓山光鸟影于怀，纳长天白云在胸。山回水转，水贯山行，可谓"崖出疑无路，云开别有天"。

龙庆峡的盛夏，气候凉爽，空气清新，气温低于北京城区6度，甚至比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬，结冰期较长，异常寒冷，于是，这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩，峡谷，一个冰雕玉砌的世界，一个北国冰雪的乐园。

而历史的脚印，山间古刹庙宇，又为这明丽的山水之梦，着了一笔古铜的底色，令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合，孤峰独峙之巅，1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采，在云雾缥渺，树木蓊郁当中，层层崇台，依山叠砌，殿宇楼堂，鳞次栉比，翠瓦丹墙，飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶，主阁俨然，重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起，回头万壑低”。

各位游客，大家好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿，将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫，1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏，新中国成立以后，这里成了着名的旅游景点，还有很多健身的人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。

现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是皇帝专用的，所以高大，皇帝只能从左侧的进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。来到圜丘坛下，我们马上就要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家都会发现，坛上所有的阶数，都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高”之意。

谢谢你们来北京天坛，欢迎下次再来啦!

北京天坛导游词范文5

我们现在来到了精致、漂亮的北京天坛。天坛位于北京的南端，是清、明两代皇帝每年祭天和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。它严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，魅力的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致、最美丽的古建筑群，在世界上可是有极大的声誉呢！

进了天坛，我们知道了天坛建于明永乐十八年，也就是一四二零年，与故宫是同时修建的，天坛的总面积约二百七十万平方米，可大啦！分为内坛和外坛两部分，主要建筑物全都在内坛。南边有圆丘坛、皇穹宇，北边有祈年殿、皇乾殿，是由一座高2米半，宽28米，长360米的甬道把这两组建筑连接起来。天坛的总体设计，从它的建筑布局到每一个细部处理，都强调了“天”。它那300多米长的高出地面的甬道，我们登临其上，环顾四周，首先看到的是那广阔的天空和那像征天的祈年殿，一种与天接近的感觉油然而生。这条甬道又叫海漫大道，这是因为古人认为到天坛去拜天，等于上天，而由人间到天上去的路途非常遥远、漫长。

女士们，先生们，今天的游程到此结束，谢谢你们的光临，再见！

Hello, tourists!

Prince Gongs mansion used to be the home of "the most greedy one in allages". Later, Emperor Jiaqing made twenty-four charges and confiscated hishouse. Because the last owner was Prince Gong Aixinjueluo Yijin, it was calledPrince Gongs mansion.

There are two dragon veins in Beijing, one is the central axis of Beijing,the other is the moat. The Palace Museum is located at the head of the centralaxis. Prince Gongqins residence is located at the intersection of the twodragon veins. He Lin once said, "the emperor takes the dragons head, I take thedragons tail.". Although the dragons head is in charge of the overallsituation, it still needs the dragons tail to do great things. &"Listen, HoHo is so ambitious that he deserves to be the first greedy person in allages.";!

There are 9999 bats in Prince Gongqins mansion;. This is not a real bat,but a bat like building. In order to make himself happy, he took the homonym of"Fu" and built 9999 bats;.

When you enter the door, the first thing you see is a huge bat;. This is abat like pond called "Fu Chi";. Rockery and gravel are randomly scattered on theBank of the pool. Around Fuchi, elms are planted. The fruit and leaf of elms arelike copper coins. Whenever the fruit and leaf of copper coins fall into Fuchi,Hexiang will laugh and laugh: & lt; money falling from the sky enters my& lsquo; cornucopia & gt;, and the money on the ground also flows intomy bag. &"Thats true!

We followed the gurgling water of Fuchi and came to a door. This is abeautiful western gate with bright colors and fine workmanship. It is said thatthis is one of his 24 counts. Because this western gate was made after thewestern gate in the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and bypassing the stone carving of "SongziGuanyin", it is the opera garden of the ho family. In front of the play gardenis a garden, with some flowers in the trim bushes. The play "Xiangfei playsbutterfly" in huanzhuge was shot here. Only two places in Beijing are coveredwith green bricks. One is the Taihe hall in the Forbidden City, and the other isthe stage of the ho family. Because the sound amplification effect of greenbrick is very good, singing on the stage does not need any sound amplificationtools. In such a large theater, everyone can hear music, and it is also a greathonor to stand on the stage full of green bricks and sing for the powerfulministers such as he Lu.

Through the well carved Zhulan corridor, you come to the study of he Lin.The study is surrounded by rockery and bamboo groves, quiet and quiet. The wholeGongqin palace is not built with stone bricks. This study is made of a specialkind of bamboo. Its warm in winter and cool in summer. He likes to stayhere.

Out of the study, the magnificent building in front is the main hall — & mdash; where he Lin meets visitors. To get to the main hall, thereis a very special road. There is only one ladder, and then there is a straightand gentle slope. Because he said that in his life, he had suffered only when hewas young, and then he went all the way to the peak of power. We can cross thebottom of the ladder, avoid suffering, and go straight to the top;.

There is a story: when the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang was very old andsick, she loved her grandson Emperor Kangxi very much and was very depressed. Heasked Su malagu, his maid, to prepare her pen and paper, and with a stroke ofher pen, she wrote "Fu". After finishing the writing, Xuanye and Su malagu lookat the word "Fu" and are stunned & mdash; & mdash; the word is powerfuland natural. If you look closely, you can see many phrases: more fields, moresons, more talents, more longevity & hellip; & hellip; isnt this thewish of the emperors grandmother? The more Emperor Kangxi saw it, the moresatisfied he was, he ordered people to put the word "Fu" on a huge stone. As aresult, the empress dowager, who had been ill for a long time, soon recovered.Emperor Kangxi was so happy that he decided to pass on this auspicious andauspicious stone from generation to generation, so that the Aixinjueluo familycould prosper from generation to generation.

Unfortunately, when it reached Qianlong, it was stolen out of the palace.This person is he Lin. Now this stone is at the foot of our main hall, onlyshowing the side with the word "Fu". This & quot; blessing & quot; isthe 10th blessing of Prince Gongqins mansion, which means & quot; tenthousand blessings & quot;. He Shen also said with an air: & lt; theemperor is & lsquo; long live & gt; and I am & lsquo; Wanfu >! & gt; later, when Emperor Jiaqing copied his house, he wanted to movethe Fushi back to the palace, but he didnt. He Lin was too cunning. He built abat like Fushan mountain with stones and built a dragon on the left and right ofthe word "Fu", implying that "the Dragon sits on the river and mountain".Emperor Jiaqing didnt want to destroy himself, so he left the stone.

各地的游客们：

大家好!欢迎您来到曲阜。首先，请允许我自我介绍一下，我姓贺，是来自快乐旅行团的一名导游，以后大家叫我小贺就行啦!不用客气!

言归正传，这次我们的目的地是曲阜的孔府。我在车上先和大家说一下注意事项，我们的集合、自由游览时间已经公布了，请大家不要迟到，不要因为自己而影响其他人，另外，请大家认清我们快乐旅游团的标志，看!我们的标志是一面旗子上面有一只鸟儿。请大家认清标志，不要走丢。谢谢大家的合作!

大家看!这就是有名的孔府!孔府，又称衍圣公府，位于孔庙的东侧，他有一个有名的称号，叫"天下第一家"之称，是孔子的历代子孙居住的地方，也是中国封建社会官衙与内宅合一的典型建筑。孔子死后，他的子孙后代一直居住在他旁边的孔庙中。到北宋末期，孔氏后裔住宅扩大到数十间，到金代，孔子后裔一直是孔庙东边，随着孔子后世官位的升迁和爵位的提高，孔府建筑不断扩大，至宋、明、清达到现在规模。现在孔府占地约7.4公顷，有古建筑480间，分前后九进院落，中、东、西三路布局。府内存有著名的孔府档案和大量文物。

看!这气魄雄伟的门就是孔府的大门，坐北朝南。左右两侧，两米多高的圆雕雌雄石狮大门正中上方的高悬着蓝底金字的"圣府"匾额，相传为明相严嵩手书。那两个柱子上悬挂的对联写着：与国咸休安富尊荣公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家。这副对联相传是清人纪均的手书。形象地说明了孔府在封建社会中的显赫地位。"富"字上少了一点，"章"字中多了一笔，意思是说衍圣公官职位列一品，田地万亩千顷，自然富贵没了顶;孔子及其学说"德侔天地、道冠古今"，圣人之家的"礼乐法度"，也就能天地并存，日月同光。

看!这就是第二道大门，俗称二门。门建于明代，门楣高悬明代诗人、吏部尚书、文渊阁大学士李东阳手书"圣人之门"竖匾正门左右各有腋门一座，耳房一间。在封建社会，平时只走腋门，正门不开，以示庄严。

三堂也叫退厅，是衍圣公接见四品以上官员的地方，也是他们处理家族内部纠纷和处罚府内仆役的场所。为了保持与外界的联系，在内宅门专设两种传事的差役，一种叫差弁，一种叫内传事都有十几人，轮番在门旁耳房内值班，随时向外和向内传话。门的西侧还有一个露出墙外特制的水槽--石流，府内规定挑水夫不得进入内宅，只把水倒入槽内隔墙流入内宅。

现在我们来到了前上房。这是孔府主人接待至亲和近支族人的客厅，也是他们举行家宴和婚丧仪式的主要场所。院内东西两侧各有一株茂盛的十里香树，每当春夏相交时节，洁白的花朵散发出阵阵清香，房前有一大月台，四角放着四个带鼻的石鼓，是当年府内戏班唱戏时扎棚的脚石。清末孔府养着几十人的戏班子，主人一声令下，马上开锣唱戏。前上房内，明间敞亮，正中高悬"宏开慈宇"的大匾，中堂之上，挂有一幅慈禧亲笔写的"寿"字。

东侧间，陈列着乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床、椅。桌上放有同治皇帝的圣旨原件。还有色彩鲜艳、花纹古朴的明代"景泰蓝"。梢间中间桌上摆设着一大套满汉餐具，共同404件。器皿上分别雕有鹿、鸭、鱼等，可按其形盛菜，一餐上菜多达190道。长期以来，孔府形成了一种精细独特的菜肴---孔府菜。各种菜制做讲究，取名典雅，如绣球鱼翅、珍珠海参、神仙鸭子、诗礼银杏、玉笔虾仁等名菜，色、香、味、形俱佳。西里间，为孔子七十六代孙、衍圣公孔令贻签阅文件的地方，桌上放有文房四宝，书架上还陈列着儒家经书和孔氏家谱。前上房院的东西两侧各有五间配房，是孔府收藏日用礼器的内库房和管帐室。大家可以去看看

看，苍松挺拔，鱼池东西对列，恬静雅致，大有步移景迁之感，这就是前堂楼。室内陈设布置仍保持着当年的原貌。中间设一铜制暖炉，为当时取暖的用具。东间的"多宝阁"内，摆设着凤冠、人参、珊瑚、灵芝、玉雕、牙雕等。里套间为孔子七十六代孙、衍圣公孔令贻夫人陶氏的卧室，再里间是孔令贻两个女儿的卧室。七十七代孙、衍圣公孔德成14岁时写的"圣人之心如珠在渊，常人之心如瓢在水"的条幅，原封不动地挂在壁上。

这里是后堂楼，后堂楼是二层前出廊的7间楼房，东西两侧有二层前出廊的配楼各3间。后堂楼是孔子七十七代孙、衍圣公孔德成的住宅。

这里是孔府的后花园，孔府花园在孔府内宅后院，又名铁山园。其实铁山园内并无铁山，只在花园西北隅有几块形似山峰的铁矿石。此石系孔庆容在清嘉庆年间重修花园时移入的，称天降神三环路助他修园，他自己从此也以"铁山园主人"自称。

大家好!我是本次导游，大家一定都知道北京的故宫吧?没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的 “外朝”，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，而且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最后来到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧!

Sehr geehrte Touristen

Wir sind jetzt auf dem Tiananmen Platz.Sie k?nnen sehen, dass unsereaktuelle Lage auf der Nord-Süd-Achse des Tiananmen Square, etwa 100 Meter vomDenkmal der Volkshelden im Süden entfernt ist.Unsere Tour auf dem TiananmenSquare ist heute 30-Minuten.

Lassen Sie mich Ihnen eine kurze Einführung in die Landschaft des TiananmenSquare geben.(Geste, nach Norden) Schau zuerst in diese Richtung.(einen Momentinnehalten, auf die Touristen warten, sich auf die Richtung ihrer Finger zukonzentrieren) Ich liebe Beijing Tian An Men.In einem Moment werde ich dieGeschichte von Tiananmen im Detail vorstellen.Neben dem Tiananmen Turm m?chteich auch die Jinshui Brücke vor Tiananmen, sowie die Huabiao und Shishi vor derBrücke vorstellen.Wie Sie sehen k?nnen, ist dies das feierliche und aufrechteDenkmal der Volkshelden. Ich werde Ihnen sp?ter ihre Geschichte erz?hlen.DasGeb?ude s üdlich des Denkmals ist die "Chairman Mao Memorial Hall". Wir habenkeinen Plan für die heutige Reise. Wenn Sie daran interessiert sind, lassen Siees mich wissen.Das Geb?ude auf der Ostseite des Tiananmen Square ist dasChinesische Revolutionsgeschichtmuseum, in dem eine gro?e Anzahl wertvollerrevolution?rer historischer Relikte ausgestellt wird.Gegenüber ihr ist dasGeb?ude im Westen die sehr berühmte "Gro?e Halle des Volkes".?ber sie, ich werdeSie sp?ter ausführlich vorstellen.

Okay, jetzt kannst du Fotos auf dem Platz machen.Bevor Sie Fotos machen,m?chte ich Sie daran erinnern, dass Sie keine Fotos auf dieser Zentralachsemachen sollten. Der Flaggenstock kann Ihre Aufnahmewirkungbeeinflussen.Au?erdem, wenn Sie ein Bild vor dem Denkmal machen, schlage ichvor, Sie machen ein Bild auf der anderen Seite des Denkmals. DieHintergrundbeleuchtung auf dieser Seite wird die Wirkung des Bildesbeeinflussen.Ich werde hier auf Sie warten, wenn Sie hier sind.

Lassen Sie mich zuerst den Tiananmen Gate Tower vorstellen.Das TiananmenGate war ursprünglich das Haupttor der kaiserlichen Stadt der Ming- undQing-Dynastien. Es wurde in 1417, dem fünfzehnten Jahr von Yongle in derMing-Dynastie gebaut. Es wurde ursprünglich Chengtian Gate genannt, was bedeutet"Himmel tragen und Befehle vom Himmel empfangen".In 1651 wurde sie umgebaut undin Tiananmen umbenannt, was bedeutet "vom Himmel befohlen zu werden" und "dasVolk in Frieden zu regieren".Mit einer Geschichte von mehr als 580 Jahren, istes eine wichtige kulturelle Relikt-Schutzeinheit in China.Der Tiananmen-Turm,auf der xumizuo Stil Plattform aus riesigen Steinen gebaut, ist eines dertypischen repr?sentativen Werke der traditionellen chinesischen Architekturkunstmit feierlicher und eleganter Form.Der Turm ist 34.7 Meter hoch.Die Haupthalleauf der Plattform ist 62.77 Meter breit und 27.25 Meter tief, symbolisiert die"Ninth Five Year Plan" Vormachtstellung der feudalen Kaiser.Die Haupthalle istim Xieshan-Stil mit Doppeldach, mit roten W?nden und gelben Ziegeld?chern.ImSüden gibt es 36-braune Türen und Fenster. Innen und au?erhalb der Halle gibt es60 gro?e S?ulen mit einem Durchmesser von zwei Metern. Die Decke, Dou Gong,Liang Fang und andere Orte sind alle mit dem h?chsten Niveau von Golden Dragonund Robben Gem?lde gemalt, die gl?nzend und prachtvoll sind.

Am Neujahrstag in 1988 wurde der Tiananmen-Turm offiziell für Touristenge?ffnet.In der dunkelroten Stadtmauer des Tiananmen Square gibt es fünfEingangstore. In der Ming- und Qing-Dynastie wurden die Tore und Brücken strengreguliert, und das mittlere Tor wurde vom Kaiser benutzt, um ein- undrauszukommen.Jedes Jahr ging der Kaiser in den Tempel des Himmels, um den Himmelan der Wintersonnenwende anzubeten, um die Erde an der Sommersonnenwendeanzubeten, und Meng Chun ging zum Ahnentaltar, um Land zu kultivieren.Dann wares damals nur der Kaiser, der das mittlere Tor betreten und verlassenkonnte?Dieser Freund hat recht, nein.Kennst du noch jemanden, der hier laufenkann?(Pause) Ich sags dir.Au?erdem k?nnen die Eltern des Kaisers durch dasmittlere Tor in den Palast eintreten; die Kaiserin kann einmal durch dasmittlere Tor eintreten, wenn der Kaiser verheiratet ist; und der neue obereGelehrte kann den Palast einmal durch das mittlere Tor verlassen.Au?erdem darfniemand rein oder gehen, sonst ist es ein Verbrechen.Auf der linken und rechtenSeite des mittleren Tores befinden sich zwei Seitentüren, die von k?niglichenFamilienfürsten und zivilen und milit?rischen Beamten oberhalb der drittenKlasse benutzt werden.In der Vergangenheit war Tiananmen Gate ein glücklichesTor für Glück, nicht für Trauer.

Der Designer von Haohao Tiananmen ist Kui Xiang.Kuai Xiang stammt aus demWuxian County in der Provinz Jiangsu. Er wurde in der Hongwu-Zeit der frühenMing-Dynastie zu einer Zimmermannsfamilie geboren. Sein Vater war ein berühmterZimmermann, der gro?e Projekte bauen konnte.Unter dem Einfluss seines Vatersstudierte Kuai Xiang seit seiner Kindheit Kunst. Er war flei?ig und intelligent.In seinen drei?iger Jahren war er ein talentierter Zimmermann geworden.Zhu Di,der sp?tere Kaiser von Yongle, beschloss, seine Hauptstadt von Nanjing nachPeking zu verlegen.Vom vierten bis zum achtzehnten Jahr von Yongle (1406-1420),Zhu Di, der Gründer der Ming-Dynastie, mobilisierte Handwerker aus dem ganzenLand nach Peking, um das riesige und schwierige Tiananmen-Tor und anderepr?chtige Geb?ude zu bauen.Kuai Xiang wurde als Architekt des Palastprojekts fürsein ausgezeichnetes Design und seine exquisiten architektonischen F?higkeitenausgew?hlt.Damals respektierten ihn die Leute als "Kuailuban".Kuai Xiang dienteeinmal als Beamter beim Bau des k?niglichen Palastes, bis Zuo Shilang desArbeitsministeriums und so weiter. Er machte brillante Leistungen für diechinesische nationale Architekturkunst.

Tiananmen ist ein wichtiger Ort für Kaiser der Ming- und Qing-Dynastie, umkaiserliche Erlasse zu erlassen. Es ist notwendig, die Zeremonie der Erteilungkaiserlicher Erlasse im Falle der nationalen Feier, der Beitritt des neuenKaisers zum Thron, die Ehe des Kaisers und die Ernennung der Kaiserindurchzuführen.Zu dieser Zeit wird eine Xuanzhao Plattform vor dem Haupthaus desStadtturms errichtet.Der kaiserliche Erlass wurde vom Minister der Riten in derHalle von Taihe in der Verbotenen Stadt empfangen, bedeckt mit k?niglichenSch?tzen, in die Wolkenplatte gelegt, das Tor von Taihe, in den Drachenpailiongelegt, und ging dann aus dem Meridian Tor, um den Tiananmen Gate Tower zubesteigen.Dann wurde der kaiserliche Erlass auf die Xuanzhao Plattform gelegtund vom Xuanzhao Offizier gelesen.Die Zivil- und Milit?roffiziere befinden sichim Süden der Jinshui-Brücke, mit Blick auf den Norden und kniend.Als derkaiserliche Erlass fertig war, legte er den Titel des kaiserlichen Erlasses inden Mund eines geschnitzten Golden Phoenix, band es mit einem gelben Seil, unddie Beamten des Ministeriums der Riten knieten nieder, um es mit einemWolkenbrett zu holen. Dann trug er den kaiserlichen Erlass zum Ministerium derRiten mit dem Drachenpailion, transkribierte es auf gelbes Papier, verteilte esan alle Orte, und gab es der Welt bekannt.Der ganze Prozess der Erteilung derkaiserlichen Erlasse der feudalen Kaiser wird "Jinfeng imperiale Edikt"genannt.

Im alten China gab es ein Sprichwort von "vier Freuden im Leben", dashei?t, "wenn es eine lange Dürre gibt, wenn es Regen gibt, wenn es einen altenBekannten in einem fremden Land gibt, wenn es eine Hochzeitsnacht gibt, wenn eseine goldene Liste gibt.Ich m?chte Ihnen eine interessante Frage stellen, werFreund wei?, wo die goldene Liste steht?(Pause, damit die Touristen raten) Woist es?Bitte h?r mir zu.Das imperiale Untersuchungssystem herrschte in der Ming-und Qing-Dynastie. Am dritten Tag nach der Palastprüfung stand der neue Jinshiim Süden der Jinshui-Brücke, dem Tiananmen-Platz, und wartete auf ihre Berufung,in die Halle des obersten Harmony einzutreten, um den Kaiser anzubeten.Nach demSingen in Taihe Halle hielten die Beamten des Ministeriums für Riten die "gelbeListe", die vom Kaiser ernannt wurde, führten die neuen Top-Gelehrten, das Augeder Liste, und die Blumenforscher aus dem Meridian Tor. Dann stellten sie diegelbe Liste in den Drachenpailion, führten sie aus Tiananmen, umgeben von demSchlagzeuger Guard of Honor, und postete die gelbe Liste in der "Longmen", die"Drachen Schuppen" vor dem linken Tor von Changan ankündigen zu dieser Zeit,zur Welt. Hier war der Platz der goldenen Liste von ChanganEs befindet sich imSüdosten des Kulturpalastes der Arbeiter.Tiananmen hat viele Wechself?lledurchgemacht, und nach der Gründung der Volksrepublik China hat es sogar mitBrillanz gl?nzt.Im Oktober 1, 1949 verkündete der Vorsitzende Mao Zedong dieGeburt des neuen sozialistischen China in die Welt auf dem Tiananmen Gate Tower.Tiananmen Gate ist nicht mehr das Symbol der h?chsten feudalen imperialen Macht,sondern das Symbol eines neuen demokratischen Landes. Im Zentrum des nationalenEmblems k?nnen wir dieses feierliche und pr?chtige Geb?ude sehen.Nach derGründung der Volksrepublik China ist es zu einem Ort geworden, an dem das Landgro?e Feiern feiern kann. Vor allem am nationalen Tag müssen die Partei- undStaatschefs zum Tiananmen-Turm gehen, um die Feierlichkeiten zu veranstalten undsich mit den Massen aus allen Lebensbereichen zu treffen.

Der Jinshui River vor dem Tiananmen Gate wird auch Yuhe River undWaijinshui River genannt.Es gibt sieben Steinbrücken über den Fluss. Diemittlere Brücke ist gegenüber dem mittleren Tor des Tiananmen Gate, das alsYulu-Brücke bezeichnet wird. Es ist die breiteste und mit geschnitzten Drachenverziert.Die Brücke auf beiden Seiten wird "Wanggong Bridge" genannt, die fürdie k?nigliche Familie gilt.Die beiden Brücken au?en werden für Beamte oberhalbder dritten Klasse als "Gradbrücke" bezeichnet.Die oben genannten fünf Brückenhaben drei L?cher.Vor dem Tor von Taimiao (dem heutigen Kulturpalast derArbeiter) und Shejitan (heute Zhongshan Park) befindet sich die SteinbrückeGongsheng, die von Beamten unterhalb der vierten Klasse genutzt wird.Zu dieserZeit wurden die Tore und Brücken streng eingestuft und konnten überhaupt nichtverletzt werden.

Vor dem Tiananmen-Platz war es auch der Ort, an dem in der Ming- undQing-Dynastie der "Herbstprozess" und der "Gerichtsprozess" durchgeführtwurde.Die h?chste Strafverfolgungsbeh?rde der feudalen Dynastie, dasJustizministerium, sammelt die Liste der zum Tode Verurteilten in allenProvinzen Chinas im Mai jedes Jahres und pr?sentiert sie dem Kaiser.Mitte Augustbefahl der Kaiser den betroffenen Beamten ein endgültiges Urteil vor demTiananmen-Platz, der als Herbstprozess bezeichnet wird.Das Gerichtsverfahrenfand nach dem Frost statt, vor allem für die im Gef?ngnis des Justizministeriumsin Peking inhaftierten Todesstrafe.Deshalb sollten Menschen, die zuvor zum Todeverurteilt wurden, nach dem Herbst "verh?rt und enthauptet werden".Diejenigen,die durch "Herbstprozess" und "Gerichtsverfahren" zum Tode verurteilt wurden,starteten sofort "Humen", das rechte Tor von Changan, und wurden auf denHinrichtungsplatz au?erhalb des Xuanwu Gates, wie Caishikou, gebracht.Deshalbsind die linken und rechten Tore von Changan als "Longmen" und "Humen"bekannt.Das hei?t, diejenigen, die aus "Longmen" gehen, werden die Goldmedaillegewinnen und eine strahlende Zukunft haben, w?hrend diejenigen, die aus "Humen"gehen, zum Tode verurteilt werden und keine ?berlebenschance haben.Das rechteTor von Changan befindet sich im Südwesten des Zhongshan Parks.

Au?erhalb der Nord- und Südtore des Tiananmen Square gibt es ein Paarwundersch?n geschnitzte, hohe und sch?ne Yunlong Uhren.Nach den Aufzeichnungenvon Huainzi zhushuxun, gab es die Praxis, auf den Stra?en in den Yao und ShunDynastien, die verwendet wurde, um "Rat" vom K?nig zu akzeptieren und?ffentliche Meinungen zu suchen, um die Welt zu regieren.In den Qin- undHan-Dynastien wurde die h?lzerne Uhr in einen Wegweiser verwandelt, der Huabiaohie?.Sp?ter, mit der kontinuierlichen Versch?nerung von Huabiao, entwickelte essich allm?hlich zu einem künstlerischen Ornament mit einzigartigen nationalenarchitektonischen Eigenschaften, die von der Welt sehr beliebt ist."Ist einmythischer und legend?rer Gott Fremdk?rper. Er ist mit wei?em Marmor geschnitztund auf der Oberseite jeder chinesischen Uhr gestanzt.Auf dem Platz Tiananmen,mit dem Gesicht nach Norden und dem Blick auf den Kaiserpalast, hei?t es "WangJun Chu". Es erinnert den Kaiser daran, sich nicht in das Leben im tiefen Palastzu verlieben, sondern den Palast rechtzeitig zu inspizieren, um die Welt zuregieren.Vor dem Tor von Tian sieht ein Paar Huabiao s "Ze" nach Süden undblickt in die Ferne.Es achtet immer auf das Verhalten des Kaisers w?hrend seinerTour. Wenn er nicht pünktlich oder für eine lange Zeit ist, ruft er den Kaiserauf, so schnell wie m?glich in den Palast zurückzukehren und sich umStaatsangelegenheiten zu kümmern, anstatt Reis, Berge und Flüsse zuversenken.

Dieses Paar Steinl?wen vor der Jinshui Brücke am Tiananmen Square sindexquisit geschnitzt, lebensecht und extrem m?chtig.Ihre Augen waren auf derzentralen Achse der kaiserlichen Stra?e vor dem Tiananmen-Platz fixiert, wasreflektierte, dass sie treue W?chter der feudalen Kaiser waren.Freunde kommen,um diesen Steinl?wen im Westen zu sehen. Es gibt ein tiefes Loch in seinemBauch. Was ist los?Es gibt hier eine legend?re Geschichte. Es wird gesagt, dasser im April 1644, als Li Zicheng, der Führer der Bauernaufstand-Armee, Pekingangriff, seine Armee in den "t" f?rmigen Platz vor dem Tiananmen-Platz stürzteund vor ihm das Tor der Reichsstadt "Chengtian Gate" sah.Als Antwort nahm erzornig den Bogen und den Pfeil, h?rte nur "whoosh"Li Chuang Wang legte seinenBogen weg, hielt seine Waffe, sprang auf sein Pferd und eilte zur JinshuiBrücke.Pl?tzlich k?mpften zwei gro?e Steinl?wen am Ende der Brücke heftig.AlsChuang Wang das sah, war er wütend und erstochen. Sofort spritzten die Funkenund die lange Waffe stach einem L?wen in den Bauch.Die beiden L?wen zogen sichmit einem traurigen Jammern in ihre ursprünglichen Positionen zurück.Dieses Lochist die Schusswunde.

Freunde, die Stra?e vor uns ist Changan Street, die den Ruf der "erstenStra?e in China" hat.Die Changan Street hie? East Changan Street, vom linkenTor von Changan nach Dongdan Pailou und der West Changan Street vom rechtenTor von Changan nach Xidan Pailou.In alten Zeiten war die East-West ChanganStreet nur 3.7 km lang, bekannt als die zehn Meilen lange Stra?e. Es war derberühmte "Tianjie" in der Geschichte der Hauptstadt. Sein Name wurde von derMetropole der Tang-Dynastie - "Changan" genommen, was langfristige Stabilit?tbedeutet.Changan Street wurde in 1406-1420, das vierte Jahr bis zum achtzehntenJahr von Yongle in der Ming-Dynastie gebaut. Es wurde zur gleichen Zeit wie diekaiserliche Stadt gebaut. Es ist einer der wichtigen Teile des Masterplans fürden Bau von Beijing City in der Ming-Dynastie.Die Ost-West-Parallelrichtung derChangan Street und die acht Kilometer lange Zentralachse von Yudao kreuzen sichsenkrecht vor dem Tiananmen Square, um eine genaue "zehn" geformte L?ngen- undBreitengrade Koordinatenpunkt zu bilden und so das Gesamtlayout der Stadt PekingBlock mit Norden nach Süden und vertikale und horizontale Stra?en und Gassen.Vorden linken und rechten Toren des ehemaligen Ost- und West-Changan befinden sichriesige Demontage-Tafeln, die mit den Worten "Beamte, Menschen, etc., hieraussteigen" eingraviert sind."In alten kaiserlichen Pal?sten war es verboten,Pferde zu reiten, mit Ausnahme des neuen Champions in der Periode JindianZhuanlu. Sie k?nnen das vom Kaiser gegebene hohe Pferd reiten und auf derChangan Stra?e gehen, um" die grenzenlose Gnade des Kaisers zu zeigen. ".Nachdem Fall der Qing-Dynastie wurden Jianguo Tor und Fuxing Tor in 1940ge?ffnet.Nach der Gründung des neuen China ist die Stra?e auf 50-100 Metererweitert worden. Die Ost-West-Erweiterung der Changan Street erreicht Tongzhouim Osten und Shijingshan im Westen, mit einer Gesamtl?nge von 50-Kilometer. Eshat den Ruf einer hundert Meilen langen Stra?e.Bitte folgen Sie mir zumTiananmen Square durch die Unterführung. Achten Sie auf Ihre Sicherheit, wennSie die Treppe hoch und runter gehen.(Platz Tiananmen)

魏嘉平二年(250年)征北将军刘靖驻守蓟城时，命军士千人在桑乾河上修戾陵堰，开车箱渠、导高梁河水灌溉。高梁河水系下游即今什刹海一带。

13世纪，蒙古灭金在的宫殿毁于大火，元世祖忽必烈决定另建一座新的 都城。什刹海是元大都规划设计的最基本的依据之一。全城自北向南的中轴线是紧傍积水潭而选定的;大都城四面的城墙位置是依积水潭东南岸的距离而建的。元朝曾依托这一片水域在东岸确定了都城建设的中轴线，什刹海始成为元、明、清三代城市规划和水系的核心。元代名海子，为一宽而长的水面，明初缩小，后逐渐形成西海﹑后海﹑前海，三海水道相通。

明中叶什刹海水面稻田增加而湖面锐减，在德胜桥东南，开挖一条直通下游水面的渠道岔河)，与后海隔开，积水潭水由岔河直流到前海，南经西压闸入皇城，同时向西北，过银锭桥倒流入后海，形成“银锭观山水倒流”的景观。

顺治元年(1644年)清朝定都北京，内城由各旗分别管辖，今什刹海地区属正黄旗。康熙二十七年(1688年)疏浚什刹海。

刹海景区范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。

皆さん、こんにちは!客私はあなたの小さなガイド——みんな、私史清欣できる「ちゃんと」。嬉しいのはみんなサービス。私の希望とみんな楽しく过ごすこの日。

颐和园目がないが、何よりの散策の大男の万寿山、そして静かな昆明湖。颐和园最もから歓呼し、その後清山园漪园、后颐和园長びいた。あなたはこの名前を最も耳感じ?

ほら、颐和园の门に入ったのは、大田(テジョン)を回って、有名な散策を訪れた。つやつやした柱の栏干に、赤い色が、鲜明に!この条がしまる728メートル長く、273間に分けた。一间もセクドンの絵、人物や草花や风景、数千の絵がまちまちだ。私があなたに二つの秘密は、一つはこの上もない、木釘はひとつひとつ并した。2ここは四季如春しまる。夏は左から吹く风昆明湖わきおこっ;冬には右の万寿佛山フロントできる。この秘密の驚くべきでしょう!

みんな私に来て、今私达は足元に立って、頭上を見上げる万寿山、三階の建物宝塔形中腹にそびえる、それは仏香閣。朱塗りの下に黄みが実に殿列云殿。

近くには昆明湖万寿山から、みんな、ここを见昆明湖静かに鏡のように、绿の一片の碧玉その他。远くから见ると、湖の中心が、みんなの岛へ行くことができる岛に游んだ。みんな歩いて、長い石橋岛に游んだ。この石橋があるので、スイング橋と、十七孔桥橋上が多く、姿はコマはまちまちで、まちまちだ。この景観多壮観です!

颐和园の景色も、见ても见て足りない、みんな行ってみたり、あまり。よし、今から自由活動!縦に金山銀山、买い文化遺産难。请大保護文化遺産を自覚した。

北京密云司马台长城旅游

司马台长城位于北京东北部120公里的险关重镇古北口境内，此段长城始建于明洪武初年，是一段偏离原北齐长城基础的明长城，也是至今仍保留代长城原貌的一段古长城。

司马台长城，全长5.4公里，敌楼35座。整段长城构思精巧、设计奇特、构思新颖、形态各异，它集万里长城众多特色于一地，形成一段“奇妙的长城”。

综观司马台长城，可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险：司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑，蜿蜒曲折，惊险无比，尤其是天梯和天桥两段，更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城，坡陡墙窄，最窄处不足半米，呈直梯壮沿山体上升，两侧更是陡峭悬崖，置身其上，俯首下望，令人目眩。天梯顶端，便是天桥，长不逾百米，宽只有一砖，约40厘米左右，两侧又是悬崖绝壁，令人不寒而栗，英雄气短，游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥，但到这里的人们却都说：“过桥难，难于上青天”，这里可说是明长城中依山设险，险上加险的最险要地段之一。密：是司马台长城又一特点，两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米，最远600米，一般都在100-------200米之间，若按当时明代筑长城的规定，每500米修敌楼一座的话，可见此段长城是一例外。全：是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看，敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼，有单层楼，上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼，大小不一、形态组合各异，是按驻军的官衔等级，驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看，有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构；又有单室、双室、多室之分；房间布局有“田”字、“井”字；楼顶变化多端，有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶；就连门窗也新颖别致，有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券，还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼，望京楼是司马台长城的制高点，海拔986米，为空心三眼楼，二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔，隐约可见北京城轮廓，故称望京楼。望京楼头，东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山，尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座，掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中，下部条石合缝，上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱，三条甬道，十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井，四边砌四个砖柱，游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕，整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之感。仿佛它不是人间战争的防御设施，而是一座仙境楼阁。此外、城墙的构造更是匠心独运，富于变化。因地形和军事上的需要，城墙又分为单边墙、双边墙和障墙，有砖砌、石砌及砖石混合砌，城墙上的箭孔疏密也从几十个直到上百个。巧：体现为进可攻，退可守，步步为营的障墙。而小天梯上的障墙，可谓登峰造极，在20多米的垂直落差内从最顶上的障墙箭孔，一直可以通过所有障墙的射孔，到达最下的射孔，精巧之至，另人赞叹。由此可以想像昔日戌边将士苦战御敌的战争场面。奇：构筑在溶洞上的长城，洞与城的巧妙组合，在整个明长城中绝无仅有，令人称奇叫绝。

司马台长城虽以山势险陡、长城雄奇为主景，却不乏碧波荡漾、湖光帆影的优美环境，长城角下的鸳鸯湖赋予了这段长城以灵性，清澈的湖水，是由水量充沛、四季凉爽的冷泉和冬季热气喷涌、水温常年在38℃的温泉汇聚而成的，湖水冷暖各半，经东历夏，从不结冰。夏季里荡舟湖上，清风徐来，让人神清气爽，心旷神怡。

司马台长城不仅有奇丽的风光，亦是一座文化遗产的宝库。今年来，在这段长城上发现了许多长城文物，其中：有石刻“题名碑”，碑上记载着当年修建长城时的情况以及与建城有关的官员的名字，同时这里还发现几处城墙和敌楼上有带戳印文字的砖，上面刻的都是参加修建长城的军队名称和年代，如“万历五年山东左营造”、“万历五年宁夏营造”等等。长城砖上带有戳印文字，在其它长城上也是及为少

见。在修复这段长城清基过程中，又清出一批出土文物：有当年守城将士使用过的各种武器，其中有铁炮、石炮、铁镞铁铳、手雷、三眼铳。铁弹丸、火药勺等，还有守城战士用过的生产生活用具，其中有锄头、铁铲、菜刀、铁灯碗等等，以上这些文物很珍贵，它为研究明代长城及明代历史提供了价值很高的事物资料。

长城是中国也是世界上非常重要的文化遗产，司马台长城则是这份遗产中的一颗明珠，为了更好地保护这段长城，并满足广大中外游客更好地领略长城的风采，司马台长城景区一手抓文物保护工作，一手抓旅游开发建设，使司马台长城这一世界文化瑰宝无愧于时代，无愧于著名长城专家罗哲文教授的评价：“中国长城是世界之最，而司马台长城是中国长城之最。”

司马台还为游客提供登城隐形索道、游览峡谷索桥、鸳鸯湖上泛舟、游泳、垂钓、住宿、小型会议、山寨野味等服务。6月举办司马台长城国际滑翔节、8月举办文化节、9月举办登城比赛。

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北京孔庙位于北京市北二环内侧著名的国子监街上，与国子监紧邻，始建于元朝，是元、明、清三朝祭祀孔子的地方。北京孔庙经过历代皇家帝王的尊崇，地位极高，又经多次修缮，从规格和地位上讲是仅次于曲阜孔庙的全国第二大孔庙。

目前孔庙和旁边的国子监一起作为孔庙和国子监博物馆开放参观，统一售票。售票处在孔庙大门边，购票后先进入孔庙游览，游览后可以在孔庙碑亭旁的“持敬门”进入国子监游玩。两处一共游玩时间约3-4小时左右，其中孔庙部分约2小时。

游玩孔庙，首先要注意的一点便是院内的建筑。孔庙内的部分建筑经历代修缮，却依然保持着元代风格。比如大门处的先师门是大斗拱式的歇山屋顶，这种建筑在整个北京都比较少见，都可以好好参观一下。整个院内古色古香，还有很多知名的古树，环境古朴优雅，可以在这里拍照摄影。

众多的石碑是孔庙的另一个亮点，在孔庙的各个院落内都有众多的石碑和碑亭。这里有袁崇焕、林则徐、李鸿章等知名进士的题字碑，有元朝到清末的五万多名进士的名册碑，还有篆刻着全部儒家十三经的碑林等。这些众多的古碑十分珍贵，其上的内容也非常值得参观。

游玩孔庙的另一个知名活动是观看传统礼乐的表演。在孔庙最深处的崇圣祠院内，每天会进行几次传统礼乐舞蹈《大成礼乐》的表演，表演时间分别为10:00、11:00、14:00、15:00、16:00(根据季节和游客人数，表演次数有时可能会减少)，每次表演半个小时。有《学而》、《福兮》、《关雎》、《大同》等章节，国学氛围浓厚，十分精彩，可以留意时间前来参观。

除此之外，庙内还有祭拜孔子的庙堂大成殿、祭奠众多先贤及其祖上的崇圣祠、孔庙历史沿革展览馆和国学馆等。在这里可以看到祭奠孔子的礼器、牌位和孔庙的历史沿革等，可以一一了解参观。

九道弯大峡谷自然风景区国家AA级自然风景区，位于北京市密云县石城镇境内，距北京市区约88公里，东直门经101国道至密云县城转乘公交(或小客)可达。属白云岩构成的天然峡谷型风景区。1995年开发1996年向社会开放。

九道湾大峡谷东起密云水库，西起云蒙山主峰。景区峡谷是密云县地区水量最大、最长的一条溪谷。九道弯大峡谷全长6.6公里，宽0.5公里，两侧有徒峭悬崖又有丘坡土山，野生松柏灌木丛生。峡谷上端有山泉从海拔1000米处顺势流下，贯穿峡谷河道，泉水清澈，四季长流不枯。形成山青水秀、野花丛生、道路平坦、溪水长流、自然天成的自然景观。清心瀑位于峡谷终点，高80米、宽40米，落差极大，数万年冲刷形成岩石水潭，深15米，园周半径2.5米。积水浅绿，自溢外流。峡谷弯曲九道，每道均有不同特色景观向里依次分布。九道弯大峡谷风景区可观赏春花、夏瀑、秋果、冬景，既是旅游、渡假、避暑的胜地，又是探险、考察、野营、实习的园地，更是垂钓、篝火、野炊、采摘的乐园。此处峡谷中有鲇鱼洞、月牙山、龟蛙石、夫妻石、蜗牛潭、卧龙石、锁溪石、叠水洞、飞水洞、双瀑潭、奇凉界、王母浴池、清心瀑等78处天然景观，形成一湖、五瀑十八潭的特色佳景。景区拥有自行开发的采摘山场66万平方米，盛产栗子、核桃、李子、红果、梨、山杏、大枣等纯绿色果品，可供采摘。龟蛙石、夫妻石都具有民间流传的古老神话传说;奇凉界又称“一步凉”是华北地区少有的奇特景观，凉风从洞口吹出，纵使在酷暑季节，一步跨去，顿觉清寒。素有天然空调之称。

大峡谷旅游景区开发后，在景区入口处兴建了天然露天游泳池一处，面积3000平方米。又兴建“拓展训练场”一处，面积500平方米。

Prince Gongs residence is located in Qianhai West Street, XichengDistrict, Beijing. It is the largest palace in Qing Dynasty. It was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and Prince Qing. Later, it wasgiven to Prince Gong Yixin, hence the name of Prince Gongs residence, which isstill in use today. Prince Gongs residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a Prince Gongs residence, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty".

&This is the description of Prince Gongs residence in historicalbooks. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses andgardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the EarthDragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gongsresidence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is thedragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as theirwealth. They found water everywhere in Prince Gongs mansion. The water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. Chinas top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others alllived near Prince Gongs residence and lived a long life. It is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in Beijing is near PrinceGongs residence. This place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Prince Gongs mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It isabout 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west.It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. The mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There mustbe no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle,East and West roads of Prince Gongs mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.

The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.

The main buildings on the middle road are yinan hall and Jiale hall. Theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is calledduofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. It is still growing very well. It is extremely rare in thecapital. The main room of the backyard on East Road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of Prince Gong Yi Xin. The siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. The main buildings are Baoguang room andxijinzhai. The most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. There are exquisitely carved sections of Nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the Forbidden City (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of Hezhens being condemned to death). In the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. There are 88 windows on the back wall. There are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".

Its called "Langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". Its commonly known asGongwangfu garden. Wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. Echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into East, West andEast. The entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "Fu" written by EmperorKangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky Xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. The layout is memorable. The Grand Theater Hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. The purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the Opera under thevines. At the south end of the theater, the Ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green Yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the Liubei Pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. Inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. The landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. Many Chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.

Prince Gongs residence, located in Qianhai West Street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. It was originally the private residence of He Li, a favoriteMinister of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After he Li was killed in Jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to King Qing. During the reignof Tongzhi, because Prince Gong Yixin cooperated with Cixi to launch a coup,Empress Dowager Cixi gave the house to him and became Prince Gongsresidence.

The hall of silver Luan is the main building of Prince Gongs residence. Asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. In the early years of theRepublic of China, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the East and west side halls. Now the courtyard of yinan hall isrebuilt.

The architecture in the period of Hetao. There is a plaque on the side ofJiale hall. It is suspected that the plaque was given to Hezhen by EmperorQianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. However, Hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of Hezhen. In the period of Prince Gong, Jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the Royal Palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and Shamanism was the main ritual. PrinceGongs mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. It is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. It has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. Its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. The gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. The park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". In the East, South and West,there are mounds of earth and stone. In the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of Fangshan stone. The top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. From a high position, you can see the whole garden. PrinceGongs mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the officials residence. Among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. Forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou Palace";. Therefore, the decoration of the eaves of PrinceGongs residence is unique in the culture of Prince Gongs residence

1、 It has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings

The decoration of the eaves of the main halls of Prince Gongs mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withPilu hat in the temple. And has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.

2、 There are many forms

From the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, Wanzi Kang, several legscover, floor cover, Kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan Kang, front and back eaves Kang, etc.

3、 Flexible demarcation and rich space:

The main halls of Prince Gongs mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. Some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for Shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.

4、 Exquisite workmanship and superb skills:

It can be seen from the decoration remains of Prince Gongs mansion thathardwood is used. The processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. Moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. Only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. The construction difficulty is amazing. Unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of Prince Gongs mansion has disappeared. Today,through the study of the culture of Prince Gongs mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the Museum ofPrince Gongs mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.

In 1776, the 41st year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. It is said that during the reignof emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing,Emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped theMinister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, Jiaqing is satisfied.". On February 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. The house itself, however, is owned by Prince Qingyu, his youngerbrother.

At the same time, Qianlongs daughter and Princess Xiao, who were marriedto the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house. In 1851, the first year ofXianfeng, Prince Gong Yi, an important political figure in the late QingDynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toPrince Gongs house, which is still in use today. &"A Prince Gongs mansion,half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is the evaluation of Prince Gongs Mansionby Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer. In the early years of the Republic ofChina, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gongs grandson Pu Wei for400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.

Prince Gongs mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inChina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gongsresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhouentrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of Prince Gongs residence.

Prince Gongs residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of theQing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor.

In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of Prince Gongs mansion was finally formed.

The first half of Prince Gongs mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. Thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.

According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on theWest Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came toBeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.

Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperors home. He bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" Di ";.

Prince Gongs residence is known as "half of the history of Qing Dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. As weall know, the first generation of government leader he Lu was a Zaifu and abachelor in the late Qianlong period. He was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. He attracted peoples attention in the history of the Qing Dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. In particular, his son, Fengshen Yin De,later married the youngest daughter of Emperor Qianlong, Gu Lun, and PrincessXiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;

In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun.Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As earlyas when he Lin was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. But the 17th PrinceYonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, Iwill be satisfied if he Lins mansion is awarded to me!";

When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But whenit comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty ofsorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eightcountries, Im afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the TongzhiDynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfengchanged his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.

As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the"Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modernChinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have beenrewritten.

If all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, EmperorJiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotherYongyu, who only wanted to live in hes house but not in the emperors seat. Thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the Emperor Qianlongs tenprincesses and their son-in-law, Fengshen Yinde, lived there at that time.

Princess Hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of QingDynasty. Her biological mother is Wangs favorite concubine in the late years ofEmperor Qianlong. In the first month of Qianlongs 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfathers, the emperor was already 65 years old. Although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. They could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. As a result, Qianlong loved her morethan all his children. He sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. When hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyEven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, Amar, have beengracious to my father. You dont want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. Im worried about you. On the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even I will be affected by you“

Although the ten Princesses words were unfortunately right, EmperorJiaqing still remembered his brother and sisters love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. The princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. Therefore, the house was divided into two parts:QingWangs house in the West and princesss house in the East. It was not untilSeptember 1823, when the tenth Princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of QingWang. At that time, Yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;

After 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the Republicof China on preferential treatment of Qing Dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. Later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another

慕田峪长城位于北京市怀柔区境内，于公元1368年由朱元璋手下大将徐达在北齐长城遗址上督建而成，是明朝万里长城的精华所在。其距北京城区73公里，全长5400米，是中国目前最长的长城 ，也是著名的北京十六景之一，国家AAAAA级旅游区。景区内山峦叠嶂，植被覆盖率达90%以上，多建在外侧陡峭的崖边，依山就势，以险制厄。此段长城东连古北口，西接居庸关，自古以来就是拱卫京畿的军事要冲，有正关台、大角楼、鹰飞倒仰等著名景观，长城墙体保持完整，较好地体现了长城古韵。景区中设有国内一流的登城缆车、开发了中华梦石城、施必得滑道等项目，形成了长城文化、石文化和体育健身娱乐的有机结合。英国前首相梅杰、美国前总统克林顿等多位外国首脑曾到慕田峪长城观光游览。

慕田峪长城旅游区群山环抱，风景秀丽。春季，群芳争妍、山花烂漫;夏季，满山青翠、流水潺潺;秋季，红叶漫山、果实累累;冬季，白雪皑皑、银装素裹、一派北国风光，在中外享有“万里长城 慕田峪独秀”的美誉。

慕田峪长城历史悠久，文化灿烂，在北京乃至全国有一定的知名度和影响力。尤其是20xx年奥运会后，知名度和美誉度在世界上得到了有效的提升。其势险峻峥嵘，起伏连绵，如巨龙飞腾，1987年被评为北京十六景之一，1992年被评为北京旅游世界之最，20xx年被评为4A级风景区，20xx年被评为5A级旅游景区。

慕田峪原是一个小山村，坐落在怀柔县北辛营乡(今渤海镇)，这里山峦起伏，林木葱郁，万里长城自东南而西北在丛山峻岭之巅蜿蜒。由于山势缓陡，曲直相间，所以极富立体感。由于慕田峪地理位置十分重要，被称为“危岭雄关”。而慕田峪关更是明代拥护京师和明皇陵的的重要关口之一，在此曾发生过多次战事。慕田峪长城西接居庸关，东连古北口，为京师北门黄花镇的东段，自古被称为拱卫京师、皇陵的北方屏障，而慕田峪关更是明代拥护京师和明皇陵的重要关口之一。

中国南北朝时的的北齐(公元550年—577年)，就在慕田峪筑有长城。明朝初年重建，据文献考证，慕田峪长城是明初朱元璋手下大将徐达(曾被封为中山王，也被称为中山)在北齐长城遗址上督建而成。(《同治十二年迁安县志》记载：“明初，徐中山筑边城墙，自山海关西抵慕田峪，一千七百余里，边防可云密矣。”

公元1420xx年(明永乐二年)建“慕田峪关”。(见《日下旧闻考》·边障·卷一百五十三·二四六六页)。

公元1569年(隆庆三年)明穆宗朱载特命抗倭名将戚继光以都督同知总理蓟镇、昌镇、保定三镇练兵事，率军对慕田峪段在内的二千里长城进行整修，隆庆五年秋建成遗存至今截止20xx年，慕田峪所保留修复的长城，是全国明长城遗迹中保存最好的地段之一。

慕田峪长城多建在外侧陡峭的崖边，依山就势，以险制厄。墙体高七八米，墙顶宽四五米，建筑材料以花岗条石为主，雄伟坚固。墙顶上两边都建有矮墙垛口，可两面拒敌，外侧还挖掘有挡马坑，使防御功能更加完善。墙顶的双侧都筑有长约5尺、厚1尺多、高2尺有余的垛口。关门两侧是沿山脊升起的，随山势翻转。在这些地段的垛口不是开口的长方形，而是呈锯齿状。射洞筑在垛口的下方，它不是圆形孔，而是顶部呈弧状的方形孔。

险要之处还修有炮台。长城上还建有“支城”。所谓“支城”，就是在长城内外侧有高脊山梁的地方，再节外生枝地顺山梁修出一段长城来，长度几米到几十米不等，并在此筑有敌楼，当地人称为“刀把楼”。明代在重修慕田峪长城时，在墙顶的两侧都加修了垛口，还同时新设置了滚木石雷石孔，可攻可守。而修筑“刀把楼”，可控制制高点，减少对主城的威胁。慕田峪长城从正关台左侧起，随山势翻转，奔向远方。

长城由山腰直伸山顶，在山顶立一敌楼后，又突然下降，翻身向下返回山腰，又骤然升起，直到海拔940多米的地方，绕了一个大弯，其形状酷似牛犄角，苍劲雄浑，人们把它称之为“牛犄角边”。长城从“牛犄角边”继续往前延伸，经过一个名叫“箭扣”的地方，这里是已达海拔1044米的山峰，两侧陡峭如削。在修筑长城时，必须从山头的外侧断崖绝壁上通过，又不能把这个制高点留在外面，使用砖石、木材显然都不行。于是聪明的能工巧匠们，用了两根大铁梁担在断崖之上，上面再垒砌砖石，这种方法在整个长城修建史上极为罕见。

长城本来是顺山势伸向东北，可是到一敌楼处突然分出约1000多米的地段，另辟蹊径摆向东南方向，山势尽处，突然终止，在尽头处修了一个甚是坚固雄伟的敌楼。这段千余米的长城被人们称之为“秃尾巴边”。这样长城在此处就形成了三道长城汇于一楼，“三面极目观巨龙”的景观。在慕田峪长城“牛犄角边”的两侧，有一段长城被称为称为“箭扣”及“鹰飞倒仰”。墙体全部建在岩石裸露的悬崖峭壁上，长城的坡度大都在50度左右，其中有一节接近90度，几近垂直，台阶仅有几尺宽，非勇敢者不敢涉足。

故宫占地72万平方米，屋宇9999间半，建筑面积15。5万平方米为一长方形城池，四角矗立、风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽52米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。”

一进故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。

我调查了故宫的全景图，发现故宫宫殿的建筑布局有外朝、内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。建在高约5米高的汉白玉台基上。

保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。

故宫面积72万平方米，共有各式宫室8千余间，是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。明清两代先后有24位皇帝居住在这里。1920xx年北京政变后，被废黜的清末代皇帝溥仪出宫，1920xx年成立了故宫博物院。解放后，故宫进行了大规模的修缮，成为我国最大的国家博物馆。

今天，我参观了故宫。我了解了祖国的文化，了解了历史。今我还要了解，了解一切一切。只有这样，我才能了解中国，长大为我的祖国做出最大的贡献!!

各位请看，这就是定陵的明楼，明楼是一个陵的标志性建筑，也是每个陵的最高建筑，为什么定陵的明楼能保存如此完好呢?刚才我们已经说了，这座明楼看起来斗、拱、梁、枋俱全，再加上油漆彩绘象是木结构的，但实际上完全是石制的，故不怕火烧，不怕日晒雨淋，所以保存相当完好。明楼的两侧连接环绕着周长800米的围墙，它叫宝城，在宝城的正中的高大土丘被称为宝顶，在宝顶下方即是地宫了。现在，请各位随我上宝城，我给大家讲一讲定陵发掘的经过。各位朋友，请到这里来，大家肯定很关心当年发掘定陵地宫的情况，这得从1955年说起。当时北京市委的几位领导及我国著名的学者吴晗、郭沫若、沈雁冰等人联合上书国务院，建议发掘明陵，以研究明史。经周总理的批示后，成立了发掘委员会，发掘队长是年仅29岁的赵其昌。发掘工作于1956年5月正式开始。

各位请看!发掘队首先从宝城西侧了一条探沟。很遗憾，一无所获。后来又挖了一条更长，更宽的探沟，当挖到7.5米的时候，发现了一块小石碑，上刻“此石至金刚墙前皮十六丈，深三丈五尺”的字样。发掘队按小石碑提供的线索，在正对明楼的中轴线上又挖了第三条探沟。于1957年5月在隧道的尽头发现了金刚墙。拆开金刚墙进入与地宫的过渡的隧道券，当然大家兴奋极了，一年的汗水和心血终于有了回报。突然，人们一片沉寂，怎么了?原来呀，在大家面前赫然出现两扇巨大的坚闭的汉白玉石门。每扇石门高有三米三，宽有一米八，有四吨重，门上有青铜门梁，用人力无法推开。更糟的是，人们发现在石门的背后还有一块长条小石碑似的“顶门杠”，死死地顶在门后，怎么办?危难之处总会有人显身手。忽然，有人说：“让我来试试!”大家回头一看，哟!一个小伙子从人群中走出来。信不信由你，他只用了一根木条及一些铁丝，不到5分钟便打开了大门，真神了!就这样，这座沉睡了337年的地宫被打开了，那么到底那位年轻人是怎么打开地宫大门的，地宫内有什么呢?好!现在我们就去揭开地宫秘密。

各位游客，大家好!我是本次的导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我李导。今天我们要参观的就是古代皇帝祭天的地方——北京天坛。

大家跟我走，这里就是祈年殿。看，那28根用金丝楠木做的高大柱子支撑着整个祈年殿。最中间的四根柱子支撑着最上层屋檐，象征春、夏、秋、冬四季。中围十二根柱子支撑第二层屋檐，象征十二个月。外围十二根柱子顶着第三层屋檐，象征着一天中十二个时辰。中外围共二十四根柱子，代表一年二十四个节气。一共二十八根柱子代表着天上的二十八星宿。最奇特的是祈年殿的内部结构。大家看，祈年殿内没有大梁和长檩，只用楠木柱和枋桷撑起屋顶。

大家往这边走，这就是著名的圜丘坛。这里又名天台，是曾经皇帝孟冬祭天的地方。圜丘坛有5.2米多高，分成三层。三三得九，九在古代是阳数，古时候的工匠就用这个数来赋予圜丘台上的崇高。注意到了圜丘坛的奇特之处了吗?站在圜丘坛的中心向外喊，就会有巨大的回声传来，如同几十张嘴在向你大喊。好了，说了那么多，大家休息一下。想去拍照的拍照，注意卫生，做一个文明的游客。

谢谢大家聆听我的讲解，时间也不早了，希望我们下次有缘相见。

龙庆峡冬季气候寒冷，结冰期较长，龙庆峡利用这独特的自然条件，自1987年开始举办冰灯艺术节，龙庆峡冰灯艺术展已经成为首都冬季旅游的传统项目。

冰灯展区位于古城水库巨坝之下，两山峡谷之间，由两山体自然渗水形成的巨大冰柱，构成罕见的冰瀑奇观，成为冰灯展区最佳的自然背景。二十几年来，龙庆峡培养了一支技艺精湛、业务娴熟的冰灯设计人材和雕刻队伍，以求新、求美、求奇为宗旨，在艺术上不断推陈出新，技术上精益求精，工艺上精雕细刻，为不同层次，不同年龄、不同欣赏情趣的观众提供了选择空间。龙庆峡先后根据不同时期，不同内容为主题，成功地举办了二xx届冰灯艺术节，共接待中外游客千万人次，填补了北京冬季冰雪特色旅游项目的空白。

历届冰灯节的主题尽管不同，但顺水库大坝飞流直下的冰瀑奇观，却年年保留，70米高的巨坝上垂下巨大冰瀑，下饰冰花、冰柱，形成一座飞流千尺晶莹剔透的冰雪乐园。美丽的龙庆峡冰灯艺术节，带给游人一片欢乐。

冰灯区建在山谷中，那里风大，温度要比市内低5~8度，前往参观游玩的朋友们注意保暖。

镇山如来

半山腰间有一块突出险峻的巨石，它巍然屹立，酷似如来佛的侧面头像，给人以庄严肃穆之感，所以得名“镇山如来”。

鸡冠山

又称独秀峰、凤冠岛。三面环水，一峰独处。山顶至水面约70米，从正面看酷似一只卧着的公鸡，是龙庆峡的标志性景观。

金刚寺

金刚寺前有两座山，行如金刚，故名。此寺原是元朝真大道太玄道宫，元亡后毁，僧侣又在此建金刚寺。解放初毁。1987年美籍华人刘雪娥女士捐资十万元重建。

神仙院

水库旁有一小山名玉皇顶，位于景区最高峰，距水面200多米，半山处建神仙院，山顶建有玉皇庙，有缆车到达。两庙皆建于明代，玉皇庙毁损，仅有碑一方。神仙院在解放前被毁，于1992年5月重修开放。神仙院门前有树龄逾300岁的古松一株，高24.7米，胸径约0.6米，树龄约320xx年。庙后有长4米、宽3.4米、深1米的“神盆”，盆中之水清冽甘甜，长饮不竭。

棋盘石：悬崖半腰出几块方柱形巨石，石柱上部平坦如砥，形如棋盘，似有隐隐格子，几粒石子，似是棋子。

魔王树：据说，患腰腿疼痛者只要到那里，往树干上蹭，就能去疾止痛，不过只要蹭上了就会跌入深渊，一失足而成千古恨，所以至今也没人敢去试一试。

百花洞

长320米，展区面积3000平方米，人造花草树木1650种，以鸟兽动物点缀其中。百花洞分为繁花似锦、热带雨林、北国风光、江南小景、百花朝凰等景观。

玉渡山

位于延庆区城西北山中的玉渡山自然风景区归龙庆峡管理处统一管理。全境面积约一百多平方公里，自110国道,有一条玉海公路相通。该区地处深山，人迹罕至，景色秀丽，环境清幽。它是北京地区一块鲜为人知的处女地;它是大自然保存最原始的绿色记忆;它是现代人回归自然最美好的选择。它是藏于深山的明珠，与我们现代人有着同样的渴望，这就是“天人合一”的至高境界。

玉渡山之美，在于山、石、林、泉、瀑、花、草一应俱全，而那浑如天籁的感觉，又在于清、幽、静、野之中。

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to Beijing. Im your guide.

Prince Gongs house garden is a unique garden located behind Prince Gongshouse, also known as cuijin garden. It is located at No.14, Liuyin street. Itwas built in 1777. According to research, it was rebuilt on the old garden ofMing Dynasty. The park covers an area of 28000 square meters, with 31 ancientbuildings. Prince Gong has skilled craftsmen in the garden to rebuild thegarden, adding mountains and woods, colorful paintings, integrating thelandscape architecture of the South China and the northern architecture. It is agarden for the western architecture and Chinese classical gardens. After itscompletion, it was the crown of the hundred imperial palace of Beijing. It isthe essence of the existing art of Wang Fu in the city of Beijing, and it can becalled the Pearl of the Shichahai. Among them, the western gate in the garden,the stele with the word "Fu" in Yushu, and the indoor theater building are alsoknown as the "three wonders" of Prince Gongs mansion. Some scholars believethat this garden may be the prototype of the Grand View Garden in a dream of RedMansions written by Cao Xueqin.

Wangfu is the largest and best preserved palace of Qing Dynasty in Beijing.It is located at No.17 Qianhai West Street, northwest of Shichahai. It is now akey cultural relic protection unit in China. Prince Gongs mansion was built atthe end of the 18th century. In the early period of the reign of EmperorQianlong, it was the residence of a bachelor named Helian. In the fourth year ofJiaqing (1799 AD), Helian was convicted, and the residence was confiscated andgiven to Prince Qing. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851 AD), it was given toPrince Gong, Aixinjueluo?.

In Qing Dynasty, there were strict regulations in the royal residence,which stipulated that the princes residence had five main gates, seven mainhalls, five back halls, seven back bedrooms, and a side hall on the left andright. However, many royal palaces have gone through many vicissitudes and havelong been beyond recognition. Only Prince Gongs mansion is the most completeand well decorated Qing Dynasty royal mansion in Beijing. Mr. Hou Renzhi, afamous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of the history of QingDynasty".

Prince Gongs residence is divided into three parallel roads, East, middleand West. It is the largest courtyard in the world. The three buildings on themiddle road are the main body of the mansion. The first is the main hall, thesecond is the back hall, and the third is the extension building. The extensionbuilding is 160 meters long from east to west and has more than 40 houses. Thereare three courtyards on East Road and West Road respectively, which echo thebuildings on middle road. The last part of the palace is the garden, with morethan 20 different scenic spots.

The garden of Prince Gongs mansion has both central axis and symmetry. Thewhole garden is divided into middle road, East Road and West Road, forming anumber of courtyards. On the central axis are Yuanmen, feilaifeng, bat pool,anshantang, Fangchi, rockery, Yuetai, lvtianxiaoyin and bat hall. The buildingson the middle road are basically symmetrical with the mountains and waters,while the East and West roads are only symmetrical with the mountains andbuildings. The whole garden is surrounded by six mountain Dragons: two mountainsin the south, East and West, and one mountain in the back of the middleroad.

The east road is mainly built. In the East, there are two mountains runningnorth and south, each turning into a enclosure in the southeast and northeast.The building is divided into three small courtyards. In the south, it is closeto the east courtyard. Looking up, there is an exquisite vertical flower gate.Inside, there is a long and narrow courtyard. Bamboo was planted in thecourtyard. The main hall is behind the Grand Theater, the west chamber is behindthe middle road Mingdao hall, the East chamber is a row of wing rooms, and thewest chamber is another long and narrow courtyard. At the entrance of the mooncave gate, he said, "sing the fragrance and drink the moon.". On the north sideis the main building of East Road, the grand theater building, which is a smalltheater with an area of 685 square meters. There are front hall, auditorium,stage, acting room, etc. in the theater, the decoration is luxurious, and it isthe viewing place of the palace.

The west road is dominated by mountains and rivers. The beginning of thewest road is from Feilai peak to the west, and at the south end is a majesticpass between the two mountains. The name of the pass is Yuguan, which is theShanhaiguan Pass of the Great Wall. It is the symbol of the great wall and isknown as the first pass in the world. At that time, the emperor of the QingDynasty entered the pass from then on. Setting this pass in the garden is enoughto show that the garden owner does not forget the great achievements of the QingDynasty when he came to the Central Plains from Shanhaiguan. Before Yuguan,there is dafangchi, the center of the west road. In the southeast corner of thedafangchi, there is a small stream, which is connected with Fuhe River in theEast. In the dafangchi, there is a square island with a fish watching platform,which is used to describe Zhuangzis allusion to the joy of watching fish onHaoshang. In the west of the pond is Xishan. In front of the pond, there arefive hall houses. The chaoshou corridor in the East is connected with the curvedcorridor in the middle road.

The theme of the garden is obvious. There are some new ideas in mountainenclosure and Yuguan Xiongshi, but there are many buildings in the East, and theenclosure of curved corridor in the middle is not organic enough, especially thewater management is poor. From the perspective of rockfill, architecture, plantsand pattern, it still has the characteristics of northern garden.

Prince Gongs residence is located on the North Bank of Shichahai. It isthe largest courtyard in the world and the most complete one among more than 60Qing Dynasty palaces in Beijing today. It is divided into parallel East, middleand West roads. The three buildings on the middle road are the main body of themansion, one is the main hall, the other is the back hall, and the third is theextension building. Yanlou is 160 meters long from east to west and has morethan 40 houses. East Road and West Road each have three courtyards, which echothe middle road. The last part of the palace is the garden, and more than 20scenic spots are different.

Prince Gongs residence is the residence of Prince Gong Zhong, the sixthson of Emperor Daoguang of Qing Dynasty. It was formerly the residence ofQianlongs Bachelor and arsenic. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), he wasconvicted, and his residence became an official. Emperor Jiaqing gave part of itto his younger brother, Prince Qingfu yongp, as the palace of Prince Qingfu.Later, Xianfeng city took back King Qings residence and gave it to his youngerbrother Yiyi as Prince Gongs residence. During the reign of Xianfeng andTongzhi, it was renovated and a garden was built behind the mansion.

Because Prince Gongs mansion has some scenery described in a dream of RedMansions, it is said that the garden of Prince Gongs mansion is the blueprintof Grand View Garden. However, many people put forward different opinions.

Yi Chu, the owner of the palace, is a first-class aristocrat. Therefore,his mansion is not only spacious, but also has the highest standard ofarchitecture, which shows its insurmountable level. The obvious signs are thefacade and the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms,five back rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room. There must be no more royalmansions than these. The form of the house and the color of the tiles cannot bereplaced.

The former owner of Prince Gongs mansion was Prime Minister Hekun. TheQingyi hall he built imitated the emperors ningshou palace. When the emperor"bestowed a gift and ordered him to commit suicide", this was one of thecrimes.

The building of Prince Gongs mansion can be divided into two parts: themansion and the garden. Covering an area of 46.5 mu, the mansion is divided intothree roads, East and West, each of which is composed of multi entrancequadrangles, surrounded by a two-story back cover building with a length of morethan 160 meters. At the back of the building is a garden, covering an area of38.6 mu. The buildings in the garden also form three roads, i.e. the East-WestRoad, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-WestRoad, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the East-West Road, the West-WestRoad, the West-West Road, the West.

In the front of the middle road are the gate with 3 rooms in width and thetwo gates with 5 rooms in width. In the gate, the original main hall, yinanhall, has been destroyed, and the existing rear hall, namely Jiale hall; theeast road is composed of three entrance courtyard, which is the living room ofPrince Gong Yizhe; the main room of the west road is xijinzhai, which has aGrand Courtyard and a grand style. After the third road courtyard, there aremore than 40 two-story back buildings with a length of 160 meters from east towest, namely Zhanwu building in the East and Baoyue building in the West. Thegarden behind the building is Pingjin garden, commonly known as Gongwangfugarden, covering an area of 28000 square meters. The buildings in the park aredivided into three roads: the Middle East, the Middle East and the west, andthere are also some axes. There are scattered rockeries, pavilions andpavilions, and flowers and trees in the pool. The main buildings are scorpionhall, inviting platform, grand stage, qinqiu Pavilion, etc.

西湖港：西湖港自然风景区!这里不仅有桂林的奇山秀水，更有清泉峭岩之景，飞瀑叠翠之貌。北宋年间的范仲淹曾赞誉到：“丹峰翠壁相辉映，纵有王维画不如。”“一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途”，一座铁索桥横跨拒马河，铁索桥入口处百米码头与天然石舫遥相呼应。两岸绿树葱郁，金沙泛光，山湖一色。

拒马乐园：拒马乐园是十渡自然风景区景色最好、娱乐项目最集中、游客最多、品位最高的景区，也是被誉为“十渡蹦极、神州第一”中国第一座蹦极所在地。它横跨八渡的麒麟山于拒马河之间，山水环抱，现已形成集山上、山下、水上、空中于一体的大型综合游乐园，主要有碧莹水上游乐场、石佛馆、索道、甭急、峡谷飞人、滑翔飞翼等景区景点。

碧莹水上游乐场：碧莹水上游乐场位于十渡风景名胜区九渡村境内，水域面积200亩，水面长度1300米，平均宽度100米，平均深度0.8米，经培训合格的救生员随时在水上巡逻，确保游客的安全。碧莹水上游乐场四面环山，水流缓慢，水质清湛，微风轻拂，碧波荡漾，丝丝涟漪，与两岸悬崖断壁、绿柳茵茵构成了一幅绝妙的山水画。

万景仙沟：万景仙沟自然风景区位于十渡风景区九渡村南，是十渡旅游风景区中三大美峡之一，沟内有两条支谷和数条须谷，一条支谷向南直通笛子庵与孤山寨毗邻一条支谷向西,直边笔架山,沟内山奇石怪,泉清潭碧,有杏劈石、镇龟石、神猴峰、镇狐石、无字碑、织锦台、笔架山等奇妙景观20余处。

孤山寨：孤山寨自然风景区是造福人类大自然孕育出一个人间胜景。它位于十渡风景名胜区得七渡村村南，因三座孤立的山峰而得名，峡谷长约10公里，峡谷蜿蜒，山石奇异，瀑布飞鸣，以“野、奇、幽、奥“而著称。漫游孤山寨，两侧山峰林立，怪石嶙峋，越是向里走，山势越险峻，峡谷越窄，植被越丰茂，景致越优美，峡谷最窄处仅有5米宽。

北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山，其宽有四五十米，大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面，墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山，峭壁直立，象刀切似的，足有几十丈高，“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡，大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带，曲曲弯弯，山不转水转，仿佛永无尽头，每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石，有的像出鞘的剑，有的像举起的大锤，有的像昂首的虎，有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。

两边的崖岸之上，有镇山如来、石熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石，堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇，又兼有江南的秀丽，可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。