陕西沿途导游词(经典20篇)

华山是由一块完整硕大的花岗岩体构成的，它的历史衍化可追溯到1.2 亿年前，据《山海经》记载：“太华之山，削成而四方，其高五千仞，其广十里。”华山有东、西、南、北、中五峰，主峰有南峰“落雁”、东峰“朝阳”、西峰“莲花”，三峰鼎峙，“势飞白云外影倒黄河里”，人称“天外三峰”。还有云台、玉女二峰相辅于侧，36小峰罗列于前，虎踞龙盘，气象森森，因山上气候多变，形成“云华山”、“雨华山”、“雾华山”、“雪华山”给人以仙境美感。是所谓的西京王气之所系。

华山留下了无数名人的足迹，也留下了无数故事和古迹。自隋唐以来，李白、杜甫等文人墨客咏华山的诗歌、碑记和游记不下千余篇，摩岩石刻多达上千处。自汉杨宝、杨震到明清冯从吾、顾炎武等不少学者，曾隐居华山诸峪，开馆授徒，一时蔚为大观。华山是道教胜地，为道教“第四洞天”，有陈抟、郝大通、贺元希最为著名的道教高人。山上现存七十二个半悬空洞，道观20余座，其中玉泉院、东道院、镇岳宫被列为全国重点道教宫观。

1982年被国务院颁布为首批国家重点风景名胜区;1991年被国家旅游局评为四十佳旅游胜地之一;1999年被国家文明委、建设部、旅游局命名为“全国文明风景旅游区示范点”;20xx年被评为“中华十大名山”; 20xx年被国家旅游局评为“AAAAA级旅游景区”

大雁塔(Da Yan Ta)(英文：Great Wild Goose Pagoda)陕西省西安市著名的旅游景点，唐代永徽三年(公元652年)，玄奘为藏经而修建，被视为古都西安的象征。

民间人士道：“不到大雁塔，不算到西安。”大雁塔又名大慈恩寺塔，位于中国陕西省西安市南郊大慈恩寺内。因坐落在慈恩寺西院内，大雁塔原称慈恩寺西院浮屠(浮屠即塔的意思)。是中国唐朝佛教建筑艺术杰作。

大雁塔是楼阁式砖塔，塔通高64.5米，塔身为七层，塔体呈方形锥体，由仿木结构形成开间，由下而上按比例递减。塔内有木梯可盘登而上。每层的四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺。整个建筑气魄宏大，造型简洁稳重，比例协调适度，格调庄严古朴，是保存比较完好的楼阁式塔。在塔内可俯视西安城。

大雁塔是西安市的标志性建筑和著名古迹，是古城西安的象征。因此，西安市徽中央所绘制的便是这座著名古塔。

唐代诗人岑参曾在诗中赞道：“塔势如涌出，孤高耸天宫。登临出世界，磴道盤虚空。突兀压神州，峥嵘如鬼工。四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。”大雁塔的恢宏气势由此可见。

游客朋友们，大家好!欢迎来到红石峡.

红石峡是历史文化名城榆林的第一胜景，不仅有着优美的边塞风光，更因它是一处大型摩崖石刻群而闻名遐迩，被誉为“塞上碑林”。它同时又是中共陕北党的重要革命活动地点之一。1992年，陕西省人民政府将其列为省级重点文物保护单位，20_年申报国家级重点文物保护单位。20_年3月27日，_同志饶有兴趣地游览了红石峡。

红石峡东西两壁对峙，鬼斧神工，峭拔如削，榆溪河水势湍急，穿峡直达榆林城西。因为此地山皆红石，故而得名红石峡。又因山势雄伟，峡峰高耸，亦被称为雄石峡。大家面前的这个俊秀的门楼，其门洞上额镌刻着“红石峡”三个字，它是我国著名美术家、教育家王森然先生89岁时的墨宝。王森然先生早年曾在榆林中学执教，是刘志丹烈士的导师。此门楼是红荷峡的入口处，请大家随我进去。

站在这里，方圆不是很大的峡谷内，亭台楼谢，叠石悬崖，石室古桥，洞壑清泉，尽收眼底，我们也已置身于绝妙的艺术画廊了。这边东崖高12米，长250米;对面西崖高18米，长248米。两壁双峰对峙，依壁凿石成窟，史载有明代所创石窟叫窟，窟内原有石造像、泥塑像、浮雕石刻、碑刻题记等，遭受严重破坏。现存大小石窟33处，大多分布在东崖，西崖仅有5窟，部分窟以隧道连通。

[CHAAD] 红石峡东西两壁除石窟外，还在石窟间、殿壁、石崖上就石摹刻，题匾相连，布满东西两壁，琳琅满目，几无空隙。原有摩崖石刻160多幅，由于自然风蚀及人为破坏，现仅存大小题刻120余幅，其中东崖85幅，多为明清以来官吏儒士文人所题。题刻笔力雄健遒劲，诸家书法并存，真、草、隶、篆俱全，还有难得的满文题刻，笔法各异，镶刻有别。字大者丈余，小者不及寸。形制以横幅为主，兼有楹联、条屏。石刻有题诗、纪功、纪游、题咏等，内容多抒发爱国豪情，赞誉秀美山川。红石峡实为一大书法艺术宝库，历来让慕名而来的游客叹为观止。

我们沿东壁坡路下行。东壁原建有红山寺，寺内有隧道可通“天门”、 “地门”。从“天门”登峡顶，中有翠然阁，“地门”即临榆溪河谷。据石窟内1487年碑刻《创建石佛殿记》记载，红石峡最早开凿至少可追溯到宋代，距今已有近千年的历史。明成化年间维修后，改为雄山寺。到清康熙年间又重修，更名镇远寺。现在寺庙石窟大多为明成化年间至嘉靖间开凿修建的。1673年，因洪水冲毁翠然阁而重建，复称“雄山寺”。后经多次维修。解放后，红石峡得到人民政府的度重视和关心，曾多次加固修复。

经过我的介绍，想必大家对红石峡有了一定的了解和识，下面，我们就一同来欣赏红石峡的书法艺术和石窟风我会将其中的重点向大家作详细的讲解。

“河山千古”为田玉广、王守基在游览雄山寺时所题。玉厂为贵州人，清光绪二十八年(1920_年)任延绥镇总兵。王守基为山东人，任延绥镇守营郡司，后成为田玉广的副将该题刻赞美雄秀山河永存，寓意联防守边、精诚团结之情永垂青史。

“功在名山”为清光绪二十五年(1899年)李棠所书。李棠，14岁时在榆林考中秀才，18岁赴长安中了举人。民国年，出任陕西靖边县县长，在执事三年期间，深受百姓爱戴，百姓称颂其“两袖清风，廉洁奉公”。1899年，书写 “功在名山”，赞誉刘宗周、高折五两位老先生德高望重、业绩昭著。

“大漠金汤”为清光绪二十五年 (1899年)延绥总兵龙得胜所题。题词寓意红石峡关雄地险，坚不可摧。

“力挽狂澜”，这块石刻为1920_年4月榆林中学丁级班学生毕业题刻纪念。当时正处于大革命时期，李子洲同志担负着在陕北点燃革命火种的重任来到榆林中学执教，他提议题刻“力揽狂澜”于红石峡，全班同学通过后，校长杜斌丞推荐教务主任崔焕九书写。题词显示了革命青年立志挽救中华民族于水深火热之中的凌云壮志。

现在，我们看到的是东壁上的第一个石窟——圣母殿，它的门楣上刻有“地祗”二字，窟顶刻八卦图。传说故事中，把天比做父亲，把地比做母亲，殿内供奉的三尊神像被称做三霄圣母，她们是由中国上古传说中创造了人类的女姆娲娘娘演变成的。此神可以保平安、吉祥，并主管婚姻、子嗣。相传明成化年间，延绥总兵陈辉年过四十仍膝下无子，有一年三月十六日，他携妻来到圣母殿跪拜求子，并立“子嗣牌”，捐资金装圣母，粉饰庙殿，大兴土木，扩建雄山寺。次年，陈总兵果然喜得贵子。从此以后，每年的三月十六日便成为雄山寺的庙会期，其间香火不断。

第二个石窟是“三教殿”，供奉的是佛、道、儒的三位始祖释迦牟尼、老子、孔子。有人会纳闷，这三人怎公会和平共处呢?因为谁都知道，儒、道两教历来水火不容。但在繁荣昌盛的唐代，道教的“无为而治”思想很适合于历代的拨乱反正，儒教的“仁”、“礼”之风及“君子”之态有利于和平年代的发展，佛教的轮回说、因果说则又非常符合中国人的心态。唐太宗时期，为了扼制外来宗教产生的巨大影响，把道教定为国教。尊奉李聘为教主。可是唐代君臣醉心佛学，尊的虽然是道教，实际上却心向佛教，于是献出现了佛、道、儒三教鼎立的局面。宋元时期，由于连年战乱，国家四分五裂，理学家认为各民族应该和谐统一，不分彼此。一些人主张将佛、道、儒三教合一，以示宗教信仰大融合，从此以后，中华大地上才出现了三教殿。

这是一座石牌楼，其上书“榆阳胜景”四个字，为20_年依照原样修复而成。1872年，榆林总兵刘厚基出边征伐途经雄山寺，见其破败不堪，人难行走，为使胜境重现昔日光辉，便捐资修葺，拓宽道路，筑堤植柳。岂料第二年夏，洪水泛滥，石岩崩塌，道路坠毁。刘公又捐资开山凿道，直达洞门，游人探幽寻胜始能自由徘徊，并在河滩栽种杨柳，在此处建造牌楼一座，并刻书以壮观瞻。同年秋，寺下堤防又为洪水所淹，树木无存。刘公再消岩筑堤，并请陕甘总督左宗棠邮寄“榆溪胜境”四字和“白云初晴如月之曙，黄唐在独与古为新”楹联，嵌刻于崖壁。经刘公三次修筑，雄石峡这一名冠塞上的风景名胜才得以保存。

“威震九边”为一品顶戴抚陕使者叶伯英巡视榆林时所题。1888年，英军冲破清廷边防侵人西藏，朝野上下一片恐慌。第二年，朝廷派出多名官员巡视各边，叶伯英奉命巡视的就是九边(辽东、宣化、大同、宁夏、甘肃、蓟镇、太原、固原、延绥)重镇之一的延绥 (即榆林)。当看到榆林军事力量雄厚，戒备森严时，挥笔书写“威震九边”赞誉红石峡关隘险要，军事威严，声名震撼北域边疆全线。

“汉蒙一家”是1920_年10月陕西观察使者崔云松等游红石峡时所题。蒙汉民族在历史上长期纷争不休，给人民带来了沉重灾难。民国初年，民族统一，题词意指蒙汉人民和睦共处，情同一家。

“还我河山”，这两幅百刻均出自抗日爱国将领马占山之手。马占山，吉林怀德县人，原任东北边防军骑兵师师长和黑河警备司令。1937年，在他驻防府谷时，曾在榆林设东北挺进军驻榆办事处，其间常来榆小住。1941年冬，马占山将军陪同晋陕绥边区总司令邓宝珊将军来红石峡赴朱绥光宴请，看到祖国山河破碎，不禁感慨万千，遂题写“还我河山”，表达了他驱逐日寇、统一祖国的宏伟大志。

在我们抬眼看到的那个凌空修建的阁楼便是翠然阁，晚清时又称“凌云阁”。历代文人雅士在这里把酒临风，品茗赏酒，即席赋诗，别有情趣。经翠然阁出天门达崖顶，崖顶原建有罗汉殿，清末时坍毁。翠然阁曾是中共陕北党的重要革命活动地点之一。1920_年5月，中共榆林县委在此召开了党的活动分子会议。次年8月，中共陕北特委第二次扩大会议又在此召开，白明善、刘澜涛、贾拓夫、刘志丹等同志参加了会议。会上批判了“左”倾机会主义路线，在陕北革命斗争史上写下了重要的一页。

接下来，我们看到的这个石窟叫慈仁殿，窟顶浮雕八卦及龙、风、牛、马、羊、鹿、狗、鸡、花草等藻井，图案清晰，充分显示了中原文化与草原文化相交融的特色。

我们将要经过的这几个石窟有通道相连，其下有一条涓涓流淌的渠水，它叫 “广泽渠”，出 “地门”就会看到。1473年，延绥镇治所由绥德迁至榆林，巡抚余子俊为改善百姓生活，安定驻边军心，亲率将士在红石峡半山腰开凿渠水以利灌溉。明万历年间重修，清时扩修。清光绪六年(1880年)，开凿普渡桥涵洞石壕建成东西二渠，新中国成立后多次改建。渠全长1000余米，其中五分之一于石壁中穿凿而过，其工程之浩大，修建之艰辛，在榆林水利工程史上实属罕见。前人栽树后人乘凉，到现在，它依然灌溉着城郊16个行政村的一万亩出地。20_年，央视《东方时空》栏目组来此拍摄《大漠红峡》，著名节目主持人敬一丹介绍了广泽渠。

过普渡桥，来到西崖下。西崖石窟毁坏严重，摩崖题刻幅面较大，剥蚀较重。

“中外一统”是康熙年间御史三朝林天擎所题。题词慨叹汉族与少数民族同为华夏民族，理当和平共处、一统河山。

“天成雄秀”，是红石峡唯一的一块满文题刻，清乾隆年间由榆林知府白德明题写。题词赞美红石峡两岸风光绮丽，景色宜人。

通过以上参观，我们看到，红石峡确为一处集摩崖题刻、石窟古刹、水利枢纽、军事要塞为一体的游览胜地。随着榆林文化大市的建设、榆林旅游业的发展，红石峡将以更美的面貌、更优质的服务迎接五湖四海的游客朋友!

尊敬的各位游客：

大家好!很高兴和大家见面，大家就叫我_导吧。接下来就和我一起参观西安钟楼吧!

钟楼位于西安市中心，东南西北四条大街的交汇处。看，在我们眼前的两层建筑就是钟楼，它由基座、楼身和楼顶三部分组成。钟楼高36米，逝色古香的砖瓦结构，四角挑檐翘起，凌空欲飞，楼顶有各色玻璃瓦鲜艳夺目，美丽极了。钟楼四周鲜花环绕，增添了欢乐的节日气氛。

基座是由巨大的城砖筑成，沿着基座北面的楼梯而上，我们便来到钟楼楼身观光台，首先映入我们眼帘的是一口青色的明代大钟，重五吨，里面能容纳五六个人，钟面上雕刻着精美的八卦图案，浑厚洪亮的钟声好像闷雷滚动，告诉周边的人们新一天的到来;如今，钟声祈祷老人的长寿、可以让小孩健康快乐......一跨入展厅大门，就看见三排钟从小到大的排列着，其中的一排钟形状大小一模一样，但一排和一排形状不同;周围还有许多美丽的水墨画和刚劲有力的书法，钟和书画向我们展现了明代人的技艺高超。站在钟楼上极目远眺，东南西北四条大街人来人往，车水马龙，热闹非凡。

今天，我很高兴为大家服务。鼓楼和钟楼遥相呼应，使古城西安更加美丽，下次有机会再带大家一起参观西安鼓楼。

“要看中国的五百年，请到北京；要看中国五千年，请到西安”，看到这就应该知道西安历史的悠久，西安曾是十三个朝代的首都，也是中国七大古都之一，更与雅典、开罗、罗马一起被誉为“世界四大文明古都”。西安，古称长安。遍布西安的帝王陵墓、宫殿遗址、古刹名寺和园林名胜，是西安成为了一座历史文化的宝库，数不胜数的文物古迹都向人们彰显它曾经有过的辉煌以及深厚丰富的历史文化魅力。就是在这样一个城市，在这你可以感受到中国几千年的沧桑变化，以及中华文明的发展和中华民族的伟大。

20xx年1月14日，在北京举行的国家5A级旅游景区授牌仪式上，西安曲江大雁塔？大唐芙蓉园景区成功晋升国家5A级景区，成为我省继兵马俑、华清池和黄帝陵之后，第四家国家5A级旅游景区，是西安市属第一家5A级景区，是全国首个区域性、多景点整体打包晋级的国家5A级景区。

西安曲江大雁塔？大唐芙蓉园景区位于西安曲江新区核心区域，总面积3.8平方公里，是中国唯一的唐文化主题景区。这里有唐都长安玄奘译经之地、佛教祖庭—大慈恩寺；西安地标、千年古迹—大雁塔；构架山水、师法自然，保存唐大慈恩寺大雄宝殿殿基遗址的唐大慈恩寺遗址公园；中国第一个全方位展示盛唐风貌遗址公园—大唐芙蓉园；以唐代曲江池遗址为摹本，因循山水格局的开放式文化体验公园—曲江池遗址公园；在历经1400多年风雨的唐城墙遗址之上，恢复再现的以唐诗人物和唐诗意境为主题的唐城墙遗址公园；还有亚洲最大矩阵式音乐水舞广场、大雁塔文化休闲景区、炫美盛唐天街以及大唐不夜城。

景区文化历史资源厚重，景色宜人环境优美，处处体现着环保理念与人文关怀，已成为西安城市新名片，古都旅游新品牌。游客步入景区之中，每一个脚印都行走在遗址之上，每一次游历都在完成着与历史的对话。

这个展柜里展出的狩猎工具有矛和弓箭，还有一种很厉害的工具石球索。弓箭具有射程远，射速快，推进力大，准确度高，杀伤力强等特点，是当时最有效的工具。弓箭的出现避免了人和野兽进行面对面的搏斗，提高了远距离杀伤野兽的准确性，弓箭延长了人的手臂和腿，大大增强了们祖先同自然界斗争的能力。半坡人在狩猎中的另一件法宝就是用石球做成的“飞球索”，用它来狩猎大大提高了命中率。使用时手抓一球对准野兽的方向猛力旋转，遇到障碍物会自动缠住，这样便可以捕捉到逃跑中的野兽。飞球索这种古老的狩猎工具，在今天美洲印地安人和非洲一些原始民族中依然使用。在原始社会，人们不放弃一切可以捕杀到野兽的方法，为了获取肉食也会使用斧头，锤头，木棒等工具，甚至用设陷阱，网罗，围猎等方法来捕猎它们。

这里展出的是半坡人的捕猎工具，有鱼叉，鱼钩，鱼网，石网坠，陶网坠等。捕鱼是半坡人一项主要经济活动，浐河为人们提供了一个很好的捕鱼场所。

俗话说，“姜太公钩鱼，愿者上钩”传说姜太公钓鱼所用的就是直鱼钩，对于传说的真假我们无法判断，但在半坡遗址中我们确实发现了早期没有倒刺的鱼钩、鱼叉，但这些工具使用时极不方便，扎上的鱼稍作挣扎就会逃掉，最后由于人们不断的总结经验，终于发明了有倒钩和倒刺的鱼钩和鱼叉，它们制作得十分精细，几乎可以和今天的金属鱼钩相媲美。钓鱼的方法也与我们今天的方法相同，估计当时叉鱼法的使用多于钓鱼法。

大明宫遗址位于隋朝皇宫大兴宫(唐称太极宫)之东北，京师长安城外，西安市太华南路。

大明宫是平面略呈梯形，占地面积约3.2平方千米。原宫墙周长为7.6千米，四面共有11座门，已探明的殿台楼亭等遗址有40余处。大明宫南部为前朝，自南向北由含元殿、宣政殿和紫宸殿为中心组成;北部的内廷中心为太液池。

宫城的南部呈长方形，北部呈南宽北窄的梯形。城墙南段与长安城的北墙东段相重合，其北另有三道平行的东西向宫墙，把宫殿分为三个区域。

宫城共有九座城门，南面正中为丹凤门，东西分别为望仙门和建福门;北面正中为玄武门，东西分别为银汉门和青霄门;东面为左银台门;西面南北分别为右银台门和九仙门。除正门丹凤门有五个门道外，其馀各门均为一个门道。在宫城的东西北三面筑有与城墙平行的夹城，在北面正中设重玄门，正对著玄武门。宫城外的东西两侧分别驻有禁军，北门夹城内设立了禁军的指挥机关——“北衙”。

整个宫域可分为前朝和内庭两部分，前朝以朝会为主，内庭以居住和宴游为主。大明宫的正门丹凤门以南，有宽176米的丹凤门大街，以北是含元殿、宣政殿、紫宸殿、蓬莱殿、含凉殿、玄武殿等组成的南北中轴线，宫内的其他建筑，也大都沿著这条轴线分布。在轴线的东西两侧，还各有一条纵街，是在三道横向宫墙上开边门贯通形成。

中国科学院考古研究所在1957—1962年、1980—1984年曾几次对此遗址进行勘察和重点发掘，比较清楚地了解了大明宫的形制、布局和建筑基址的结构。

大明宫平面形制是一南宽北窄的楔形，宫城西墙长2256米，北墙长1135米，南墙为郭城北墙(唐长安城的宫城北墙)东部的一段，长1674米，东墙由东北角起向南(偏东12度多)1260米后，折向正东，再304米，又折向正南长1050米，与宫城南墙相接。宫墙墙面与太极宫一样为夯土板筑，只有各城门两侧及转角处内外表面砌有砖面。城基的宽度，据考古实测，除南面墙基用郭城北墙宽约9米左右外，其他三面墙基均宽13.5米，深1.1米。城墙筑在城基中间，两边比城基各窄进1.5米左右，底部宽10.5米，构筑十分坚固。此外，在宫城北部之外，东、西、北三面都构筑有平行于宫城墙的夹城，亦为板筑土墙。北面夹城最宽，距宫城墙宽160米。东西两面夹城距宫城墙宽均为55米。夹城的修筑，在宫城的后部，配合宫城城墙共同构成严密的防卫体系结构。

据有关文献记载，宫内共有各式建筑133处，有2台、4观、6亭、6阁、8院、10楼、38门、56殿，馆、落、池各1。主要遗址有丹凤门、麟德殿、蓬莱殿、延英殿、清思殿、三清殿、大福殿、珠镜殿、承香殿、含冰殿、紫兰殿、元武殿、大角观、玄武门、太液池等。

秦始皇陵位于西安市郊，是中国汗青上第一位天子——秦始皇嬴政的陵墓，在中国帝王陵墓中，以其局限弘大而著称。今朝皇陵没有被发掘，你可以在陵墓的周边彷徨思古，看看富有大秦风姿的歌舞剧《始皇陵畅想》。

皇陵建于公元前246年至公元前208年，历时39年。皇陵齐集浮现了“事死如事生”的礼制，完全模拟其时秦国国都咸阳的机关而制作，有表里两重夯土城垣，象征着国都咸阳的皇城和宫城。陵冢(也就是谁人大封土堆，秦始皇的坟丘)位于内城南部，呈覆斗形，现高约50米。

两千多年的光阴沧桑，皇陵地面上的首要遗迹只剩下那座高峻如山的陵冢。今朝景区内通过栽栽培物带勾勒出城垣的外观，以及精明的标识、标牌，让旅客可以相识到昔时城垣的走向、范畴和位置。

因现有科技前提的制约，秦始皇陵的地宫至今还未发掘。传说中始天子的地宫内，以种.种宝石为日月星辰，以黄金和玉石为山水，以水银为江河湖海，以南海鲛人炼油成灯，千年不灭。

旅客在皇陵内还可以去位于东南部的百戏俑坑(又称9901陪葬坑)和封土堆西南侧的文官俑坑(又称0006陪葬坑)举办旅行。而在封土堆北面的广场，旅客还能抚玩到极富大秦风姿的《始皇陵畅想》歌舞剧(时刻约15分钟)，天天上、下战书演出4场。

《黄河壶口瀑布》金箔小型张，为阎炳武、刘弘根据1989年12月崔晓红、李信拍摄得壶口冬景照片设计的。画面在上下富有动感的浪涛纹饰之间，金黄泛红的壶口瀑布特写映入方寸。岩崖上赤染丛丛，浪涛中红光闪闪，与远山近水的盎然景色交相辉映。将黄河这条屹立在世界东方的巨龙，用中国最经典的黄红主调，彰显出祖国母亲至高无上的神圣。右侧主题镶嵌的“与时俱进，一往无前”八个金箔大字，厚重地诠释着画面中跳动的音符令人血脉贲张;充分领略到其源博意深的文化底蕴，让我们心中激荡起几多骄傲和自豪。

设计为影写版印刷，发行量1150万枚。票面金箔文字印制采用三维烫金压凸工艺，图案中加入了微缩文字“黄河”;使用防伪纤维专用邮票纸和加密荧光防伪油墨，在荧光灯照射下呈现出红色光亮。而且，在票面中第一次采用了无色荧光喷码防伪技术，使每枚张上都有不同的序号编码。金箔张以多种印刷工艺和防伪技术，使新世纪邮票文化得到充分的体现和完美的组合。黄河，创造了华夏五千年的灿烂文化。而《黄河壶口瀑布》邮票金箔张，是在本世纪初于中国邮坛上升起的一颗闪亮新星，她以深刻的主题优势和独享的黄金品质，成为编年小型张系列的佼佼者，早已得到全社会人士和广大集邮者的青睐和追捧。

历经了《黄河壶口瀑布》邮票金箔张发行12个春秋的甲午虎年，喜闻我们的黄河集邮研究会，乘着弘扬中华集邮联第七次代表大会精神的强劲东风，即将在齐鲁大地隆重成立。笔者认为，此举无疑是引起中国邮坛上下密切关注的又一件盛事。

清真寺位于回民街小巷内，始建于唐，清代重修，回收了中国古典构筑气魄威风凛凛，随处是飞檐翘角、亭台楼阁。而在寺内许多木门和砖墙上，能看到不少木雕和砖雕，用伊斯兰艺术气魄威风凛凛的立体伎俩，工作总结，刻画描画出中式的花卉图案。

清真寺面积不大，名堂也是中国传统的中轴对称的庭院式，旅客沿着中轴线向前线步行游览即可，很是轻松。寺中的照壁是中轴线的出发点，沿着中轴线依次分列着木牌坊、五间楼(二门)、石牌楼、敕修殿(三门)、省心楼、连三门(四门)、凤凰亭、月台、星期大殿等首要构筑。

在石牌楼周围有一块石碑，上书“道法参天地”几字，是宋代书法家米芾的手迹;敕修殿的门上有“敕赐星期寺”横匾，是明代书法家董其昌手书，这些都是书法喜爱者不能错过的。

星期大殿，是寺中最重要的构筑，也是四面回民做星期的场合。大殿有着孔雀蓝琉璃瓦顶，殿内天棚藻井彩画很是精细，殿内尚有30副高约4米的木板镌刻《古兰经》。遗憾的是，星期大殿是不应承非穆斯林和女性进入的，绝大数旅客只能在大殿门口向内观望下。

丹江源位于南门处事区的金丝大峡谷景区进口处，它既是太子河劈头地，也是丹江的另一源头。它既是河道劈头地，也是景区盗窟文化劈头地。丹江源处有一龙头泉眼，泉眼周围是盗窟文化演艺场。周围山净水秀，秀色可餐。南山门形如舟船，船梆附近的山上充满狼烟台。船中有盗窟城墙、聚义厅。船头即是丹江源。无疑这是一处风水宝地，任何人到此城市扬帆起航，一帆风顺的。

由碳酸盐钙化而形成的似菠萝状的岩体，水流由上倾力喷洒而出，形成上窄下宽、晶莹剔透的连线金丝，似鹤发魔女凌空飘动的丝丝银发，如太白金星怀中拂尘抖落的颗颗珍珠，又像三国元勋诸葛亮手中羽扇轻轻一摆，仙风劈面给您送来了伶俐。

被两块巨石压住的处所就是马刨泉了。这股泉水大雨不浊，大旱不涸，常年不绝，日均流量约0.039立方米/秒，汛期流量可达1立方米/秒。泉眼有拳头那么大,大泉眼附近稀有处小泉眼,泉水抢先恐后地垂直往上冒,泛出一个又一个大巨微小的水泡。立在泉边,不由的让人叹息大天然的神奇造化。早年每年盛夏时节,雨量充沛,泉水喷涌而出,水柱达1米多高，很是壮观。此刻泉眼已被山上滚落的巨石压住,无法看到其时的壮观情况了。

唐太宗昭陵是唐太宗李世民的陵墓，位于咸阳市礼泉县九嵕山，是陕西关中“唐十八陵”中规模最大的一座。昭陵开始营建于贞观十年(636年)，是为埋葬临终前要求因山而葬，不起坟墓的长孙皇后而开凿。1961年，国务院公布昭陵为全国第一批重点文物保护单位，1979年昭陵博物馆建成，20xx年被国家旅游局评定为“3A”级旅游景区。

昭陵陵园周长60公里，占地面积200平方公里，共有陪葬墓180余座，被誉为"天下名陵"，是我国帝王陵园中面积最大、陪葬墓最多的一座，也是唐代具有代表性的一座帝王陵墓。从唐贞观十年(公元636年)太宗文德皇后长孙氏首葬到开元二十九年(公元743年)，昭陵陵园建设持续了20xx年之久，地上地下遗存了大量的文物。它是初唐走向盛唐的实物见证，是我们了解、研究唐代乃至中国封建社会政治、经济、文化难得的文物宝库。

唐太宗与长孙皇后的昭陵有陪葬墓180余座，主要有长孙无忌、程咬金、魏征、温彦博、段志玄、高士廉、房玄龄、孔颖达、李靖、尉迟敬德、长乐公主、韦贵妃等墓，还有少数民族将领阿史那社尔等15人之墓。上世纪70年代，考古工作者先后发掘了徐懋功(李绩)、尉迟敬德、程咬金、张士贵、郑仁泰、长乐公主、韦贵妃等40余座陪葬墓，遂建成了占地面积53亩，建筑面积7000平方米，陈列面积20xx平方米，绿化面积15000平方米的昭陵博物馆。

陕西华山英文导游词范文

华山(Mount Hua)，古称“西岳”，雅称“太华山”，为中国著名的五岳之一，中华文明的发祥地。下面第一范文网小编为大家带来了陕西华山英文导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

华山英文导游词

Hua Shan is the highest of Chinas five sacred mountains. It is 120 kilometers east of Xian. It has five peaks that resemble the petals of a flower. The highest peak is 2180 meters (7085 feet)。

We had had discussions about going to Hua Shan with some graduate students from Computer Science. That didnt work out due to changes in schedules on both sides. Also, they were planning to do the climb at night to be able to reach the peak at sunrise. That did not appeal to us. We wanted to spend a night on the mountain. Frans department arranged a trip for us, making reservations at the simple hotel on the North Peak. They sent two graduate students to accompany us, though they had not been to Hua Shan before. We met them at 8:00 on Saturday morning and took a taxi to the train station. There we asked around and located a mini-bus. The bus made a couple of stops. One was to see a presentation about the traditional medicines grown on the mountain and a chance to buy some of them. It probably would have been interesting if we understood Chinese. Our guides gave us the general outline about what was said. The other stop was a quick lunch stop.

There are two approaches to Hua Shan. [Chinese proverb: “There is one road and only one road to Hua Shan,” meaning that sometimes the hard way is the only way.] The west entrance involves 10 kilometers of walking on a road before you start climbing. We went with the east entrance, where the bus brings you to the base of a cable car that goes up to the 1500 meter North Peak. Our plan was to walk up to the North Peak, then climb to the four other peaks the next day and take the cable car down.

We started the climb in the early afternoon. The path consists of stone steps with rough chain link handrails in the narrowest areas (we wore our bicycling gloves for hand protection)。 Physically, it is more like climbing the steps of a skyscraper than trails at home. However, the temperature was about 95 degrees and there was not much shade. We brought lots of water, including some bottles that we froze and some Gatorade that we got at the fancy department store in downtown Xian. There are plenty of refreshment stands along the way where you can buy bottled water, the Chinese equivalent of Gatorade, and other drinks or snacks at a premium price.

We reached the North Peak before 4:00 PM and rested at the hotel. Our room was basic, but comfortable and clean enough. Because water is scarce on the mountain, there were neither showers nor sinks available for washing. In that sense the experience felt like camping, but we were sleeping in a big tent!

After dinner at the hotel restaurant, we spent some time talking with our guides. We were a bit surprised to find that they both think of Japan negatively, but like the U.S. It seems that Japans WWII behavior in China has not been forgotten, and is emphasized in school.

We saw a beautiful sunset and watched the sky become resplendent with thousands of stars, including the Milky Way galaxy. This was the clearest sky that we have seen in China. The fresh air at Hua Shan is a treat!

Our guides had both been planning to get up at 4:00 AM to watch the sunrise. Fran and I made sleep a priority. We did happen to wake up a bit before sunrise (our room faced east) and went outside to watch the sky become rosy. Ironically, our guides missed the sunrise because they had stayed up late watching the European soccer championships on the television in their room

The plan for the day was to climb the other four peaks, but we reserved the right to shorten the route. The first part was a steep climb to Middle Peak. After the low North Peak, all the others are at roughly 20xx meters. There were crowds on the way to Middle Peak – mostly Chinese hikers but we did see a few other wai guo (foreigners) as well.

We visited two Taoist temples en route to Middle Peak. Each one had an altar with incense and offerings of fruit. The friendly monks invited us to say a prayer or to send blessings to loved ones. Fran accepted their invitation. At the first temple, she lit incense sticks and knelt on a cushion in front of the altar saying a silent prayer for our safe journey to the various summits of Hua Shan (the prayer was answered)。 At the second temple, she knelt on a cushion in front of the altar and sent silent blessings to several friends who are experiencing challenging situations in their lives at present. After each blessing, she leaned forward and the monk struck a drum.

After Middle Peak, the crowds got much thinner. The next was East Peak, which had a steep ladder climbing rock. Fran was dubious about this ascent, but realized that the ladder wasnt so bad and went for it. That was a good decision because we were then able to do a loop and the trails got almost empty at this point. After skirting the top of a cliff with a steep dropoff on both sides, we had a pleasant walk to South Peak and West Peak. There was even a small amount of dirt trail! The summit of South Peak was the highest point on Hua Shan, so of course we asked another hiker to take a photo of our guides and us. The views from the tops of each peak were beautiful. Hua Shan and the surrounding mountains are very rugged and remind us somewhat of hiking in the southwestern United States or the Sierras.

We took a route that eventually brought us to the main line returning down from Middle to North Peak. We were happy to have ascended each of the five peaks (petals) of Flower Mountain.

By cable car (the longest in Asia)， it was just 7 minutes down to the park entrance. We caught a shuttle bus into town, then transferred to a bus for Xian.

Our guides told us that we had walked up and down a total of 4000 stairs! We were glad that we did not have this information when we started. For three days after returning home, our sore leg muscles instructed us to take the elevator to our fifth floor apartment rather than climbing the stairs.

华山导游词英语作文400字

Ladies and gentlemen,

Hello! I am your guide on this trip to Huashan Mountain, Gu Shiyin. I will show you the beautiful scenery of Huashan Mountain.

Let me introduce Huashan to you first. Huashan Mountain is a scenic spot in the " Natural and Cultural Heritage List" or a national AAAAA scenic spot.

The place where we are now is Yuquan Hospital. There is a story about it. Princess Jin Xian of the Tang Dynasty accidentally dropped a jade hairpin into the water while washing her hair in the jade well of Yuegong in Shanshan Town. After returning to Yuquan Hospital, when washing hands with spring water, I found the jade hairpin and knew that the jade spring eye was connected with the jade well. So the spring was named Yuquan, and Yuquan Hospital was named for it.

This is the most famous place in Huashan - Changkong plank road. The place where you tread can only hold one foot. The chain around your waist can protect you, so dont be afraid. Everybody go up.

After walking along the long and empty plank road, I came to the place where Chen Xiang splits the mountain. There is also a legend here. Three Notre Dame fell in love with an ordinary man and got married. Due to the violation of the heavenly rules, her brother Erzhi pressed the Holy Mother of Three under the Huashan Mountain. She gave birth to a child named Chen Xiang. Ten years later, Chen Xiang knew the truth and fought with Er Lei God. With the help of the gods, he defeated Er Lei God and saved his mother.

Here is the kite turning over. All tourists should pay attention to safety and take a rest here.

There are too many beautiful scenery in Huashan Mountain to see today. Lets continue our tour tomorrow.

与华山有关的英文导游词

Dear friends: Hello everyone!

Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, also known as Taihua Mountain, which is located 120 kilometers east of Xi an City and south of huayin city.

Huashan Mountain, known as Xiyue in ancient times, is one of the five mountains in our country. It is named Huashan Mountain because of its natural arrangement of peaks like flowers. In December 1992, Huishan Mountain was rated as one of the 40 best scenic spots in the country. Even friends who have not been to Huashan Mountain will learn about the situation of Huashan Mountain from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as " A Road to Huashan Mountain Since Ancient Times", " Huayue Xianzhang", " Chenxiang Ripping Mountain to Save Mother", " Huashan Mountain to Discuss Sword" and modern wisdom to take Huashan Mountain. These beautiful myths, legends and stories reflect peoples yearning for and worship of Huashan Mountain since ancient times.

South Chinas mountains overlook the Yellow River to the north and Qinling Mountains to the south. They are called " Huashan Mountain is like a standing mountain". The whole mountain has simple lines, sharp shapes, sharp axes, and towering and magnificent peaks. It is called " the most dangerous mountain in the world".

When it comes to oddity, it is made up of a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, " Mountain is not strange without stones, and pure stones are not strange." Huashan Mountain is cut into four sides, with a width of ten miles and a height of 5,000 feet. A stone is also called " Daqi". Huashan Mountain has five main peaks, of which the east, west and south peaks are the highest, and the three peaks stand upright. " It is said to have" three peaks outside the sky " as it flies out of the clouds, and its shadow falls into the Yellow River. When it comes to risks, it is a" long plank road " erected in the air. The " Quanzhen Rock" carved on the hanging rock has three faces: the " Harrier Turnover" with hollows, convexes and concaves, and the thousands of feet Children carved on the hanging rock on the cliff, Baichi Gorge, Laojun Plough, Moer Cliff, Canglong Ridge, etc. are all extremely dangerous and unusual. " Since ancient times, there has been a road in Huashan Mountain". The road in the mountain has only a north-south line. It is about 10 kilometers long, winding and rugged. Many places are really " and while one man guards it, ten thousand cannot force it".

In addition to its magnificent natural landscape, Huashan Mountain is also rich in historical and cultural accumulation and is full of cultural landscapes. Only at the foot of the mountain and along the valley road, inscriptions, poems and stone carvings will make people forget to return.

Friends, we are now in Yuquan Hospital. It is said that because the spring water here is connected to the Yujing on the top of the mountain and the water quality is clear and sweet, it is called " Yuquan Hospital". It is said to be the only place to climb Huashan Mountain. It was built by hermit Chen Tuan. The temple in the hospital has pavilions, winding corridors and flowing spring water. It is a tourist attraction. Yuquan Hospital and host institute and Zhenyue Palace, which we will see later, are Taoist activities. There are 53 temples in total. Most of the buildings in the hospital were rebuilt during the Ganlong years of Qing Dynasty.

Dear friends, we are now located at the foot of north peak, one of the five peaks, about 10 kilometers from the mouth of Huashan valley. this is the source of water flow in Huashan valley. please look at those trees along the direction of my fingers. maybe many people will know them. yes, it is the green kok tree. here, the green kok tree floats here, hence the name " green koping".

From Qingkeping to Yangshi, the mountain climbing road has changed from a flat stone slab road to a narrow stone ladder dug in the cliff. Seeing the mountain road spiral upward, many weak-willed tourists will come back here to watch the mountain come back in frustration.

Friends, we have now reached Beifeng. After the first three passes, I think everyone has a certain understanding of the risks of Huashan Mountain. Beifeng is double named Yuntai Peak, with an altitude of 1550 meters. The mountain here is majestic, overhanging on three sides, majestic and unique, and has a cloud shape. It is named after a cloud platform. Its height is the lowest, but it has a very important geographical location. The four peaks it guards are pivotal. The pavilion in front of us is called " Junhun Pavilion", which derives its name from the scenery movie " Zhizhuhuashan".

Now we are in Zhongfeng. Zhongfeng is also known as Yunv Mountain. It is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period, the hermit Xiao Shi of Huashan Mountain was fond of playing cave flute and the beautiful sound of flute won the admiration of Qin Mugongs little daughter Nong Yu. She gave up her luxurious and comfortable court life and lived in seclusion here with the history of flute. After many years, the two became immortals and took advantage of phoenix, hence the name of many scenic spots on the mountain. There were a jade female shampoo basin and a tree. Due to this beautiful love story, Huashan Mountain was endowed with some romance and tenderness after it was broad, solemn and deep.

Jingzhongfeng, I accompany you to visit dongfeng.

Dongfeng, also known as Chaoyang Peak, has a Chaoyang terrace on its summit, which is the best place to watch the sunrise. The mountain is not high, but the immortal is famous. Huashan Mountain is said to be a place where many immortals live. Taoist fairyland. Legend has it that Zhao Kuangyin in Song Taizu and Laozu Chen Tuan, a hermit of Huashan Mountain, have a chess terrace on it, which is the place where they play chess. Chen Tuan, also known as Mr. Xi Yi, is an immortal with a Taoist walk. After discussion, the two of them bet on Huashan Mountain. As a result, they lost to Chen Tuan. According to pre-established conditions, Huashan has since become a Taoist temple and has always received food. on the eastern cliff of dongdong peak, there is a natural pattern. as you can see, like a giant palm, this giant palm has more than 20 feet, with uneven five fingers, and the middle finger runs straight through the peak. when sunlight shines, the five fingers leap like a hanging picture. this is the " huayue fairy palm" at the head of the so-called " eight sights of Guanzhong". it is said that long ago, Huashan mountain was connected with zhongtiao mountain, and its right foot ascended zhongtiao mountain to open a passage for the yellow river. now what we see is the finger of the river god

Nanfeng, also known as Luoyan Peak, is the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 2160 meters. It is like a fairyland when you come here. As the ancient poem says, " There is only heaven above, and there is no mountain and qi. You look up."

壶口在晋陕两省的边境上，我曾两次到过那里。

第一次是雨季，临出发时有人告诫：“这个时节看壶口最危险，千万不要到河滩里去，赶巧上游下雨，一个洪峰下来，根本来不及上岸。”果然，车还在半山腰就听见涛声隐隐如雷，河谷里雾气弥漫，我们大着胆子下到滩里，那河就像一锅正沸着的水。壶口瀑布不是从高处落下，让人们仰视垂空的水幕，而是由平地向更低的沟里跌去，人们只能俯视被急急吸去的水流。其时，正式雨季，那沟已被灌得浪沫横溢，但上面的水还是一股劲地冲进去，冲进去……我在雾中想寻找想象中的飞瀑，但水浸沟岸，雾罩乱石，除了扑面而来的水汽，震耳欲聋的涛声，什么也看不见，什么也听不见，只有一个可怕的警觉：仿佛突然就要出现一个洪峰将我吞没。于是，只急慌慌地扫了几眼，我便匆匆逃离，到了岸上回望那团白烟，心还在不住地跳……

第二次看黄河，我专选了个枯水季节。春寒刚过，山还未青，谷底显得异常开阔。我们从从容容地下到沟底，这时的黄河像是一张极大的石床，上面铺了一层软软的细沙，踏上去坚实而又松软。我一直走到河心，原来河心还有一条河，是突然凹下去的一条深沟，当地人叫“龙槽”，槽头入水处深不可测，这便是“壶口”。我倚在一块大石头上向上游看去，这龙槽顶着宽宽的河面，正好形成一个丁字。河水从五百米宽的河道上排排涌来，其势如千军万马，互相挤着、撞着，推推搡搡，前呼后拥，撞向石壁，排排黄浪霎时碎成堆堆白雪。山是青冷的灰，天是寂寂的蓝，宇宙间仿佛只有这水的存在。当河水正这般畅畅快快地驰骋着时，突然脚下出现一条四十多米宽的深沟，它们还来不及想一下，便一齐跌了进去，更涌、更挤、更急。沟底飞转着一个个漩涡，当地人说，曾有一头黑猪掉进去，再漂上来时，浑身的毛竟被拔得一根不剩。我听了不觉打了一个寒噤。

黄河在这里由宽而窄，由高到低，只见那平坦如席的大水像是被一个无形的大洞吸着，顿然拢成一束，向龙槽里隆隆冲去，先跌在石上，翻个身再跌下去，三跌、四跌，一川大水硬是这样被跌得粉碎，碎成点，碎成雾。从沟底升起一道彩虹，横跨龙槽，穿过雾霭，消失在远山青色的背景中。当然这么窄的壶口一时容不下这么多的水，于是洪流便向两边涌去，沿着龙槽的边沿轰然而下，平平的，大大的，浑厚庄重如一卷飞毯从空抖落。不，简直如一卷钢板出轧，的确有那种凝重，那种猛烈。尽管这样，壶口还是不能尽收这一川黄浪，于是又有一些各自夺路而走的[4]，乘隙而进的，折返迂回的，它们在龙槽两边的滩壁上散开来，或钻石觅缝，汩汩如泉;或淌过石板，潺潺成溪;或被夹在石间，哀哀打漩。还有那顺壁挂下的，亮晶晶的如丝如缕……而这一切都隐在湿漉漉的水雾中，罩在七色彩虹中，像一曲交响乐，一幅写意画。我突然陷入沉思，眼前这个小小的壶口，怎么一下子集纳了海、河、瀑、泉、雾所有水的形态，兼容了喜、怒、哀、怨、愁，人的各种感情。造物者难道是要在这壶口中浓缩一个世界吗?

大雁塔建于唐高宗永徽三年，因坐落在慈恩寺，故又名慈恩寺塔。坐落于中国陕西省西安市南部的慈恩寺内，是全国著名的古代建筑，被视为古都西安的象征。

大雁塔楼阁式砖塔采用磨砖对缝，砖墙上显示出棱柱，可以明显分出墙壁开间，是中国特有的传统建筑艺术风格。慈恩寺是唐贞观二十二年(公元648年)，太子李治为纪念亡母文德皇后以报答养育之恩而修建，故名“慈恩寺”。当时，共有十三处院落，房屋达一千九百八十七间，并请赴印度取经回国的高僧玄奘主持寺务，著名的画家阎立本、吴道子都在此绘制过壁画，可见规模之宏大。

唐永徽三年(652年)，玄奘在寺内西院建塔，名慈恩寺塔，用以存放从印度带回来的经籍。现在的塔名是据《慈恩寺三藏法师传》中记载：摩揭陀国有一僧寺，一日有一只大雁离群落羽，摔死在地上。僧众认为这只大雁是菩萨的化身，决定为大雁建造一座塔，因而又名雁塔，也称大雁塔。大雁塔初建时五层，表面砖砌，土心，后来塌毁，重建时为十层，公元720xx年唐武则天改建成为楼阁式的青砖塔，打破了唐朝佛塔均为单数层的惯例增高至10层，公元931年，五代时候唐王朝对大雁塔进行改建，大雁塔被降至七层，平面呈正方形，由塔基和塔身两个部分组成。公元1620xx年，明万历20xx年在维持了唐代塔体的基本造型上，在外表完整的砌上了60厘米厚的包层。塔基边长48米，高4.2米，其上是塔身，边长25米，高59.9米，塔基和塔身通高64.1米。塔身各层壁面都用砖砌扁柱和阑额，柱的上部施有大斗，并在每层四面的正中开辟砖券的大门。塔内的平面也呈方形，各层均有楼板，设置扶梯，可盘旋而上至塔顶。明代在塔外包砌一层厚砖，磨砖对缝，坚固异常。

大雁塔现塔身通高64米，每层为仿木结构，底层门楣有精美的线刻佛像，西门楣为阿弥陀佛说法图，图中刻有富丽堂皇的殿堂。塔底层南门内的砖龛里，嵌有两通石碑：《大唐三藏圣教序》和《大唐三藏圣教序记》，都是由唐代著名的书法家褚遂良书写的，字体清秀潇洒，是唐代的两通名碑。西面石门楣上有唐刻建筑图案和佛像等线刻画，画面布局严谨，线条遒劲流畅，传说出自唐代著名画家阎立本和尉迟乙僧之手，是研究中国古代建筑的重要资料。

大雁塔在唐代就是著名的游览胜地，因而留有大量文人雅士的题记，仅明清时期的题名碑就有二百余通。至今，大雁塔仍是古城西安的标志性建筑，也是闻名中外的胜迹。国务院于1961年颁布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

Dear tourist friends, Hello, we now come to Taibai Mountain, a magnificentand beautiful national 4A scenic spot.

First, let me introduce the Taibai Mountain, the main body of the scenicarea, which is the main peak of the Qinling Mountains mountains and the firstpeak of the Chinese mainland to the east of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. As thesaying goes: one side of the soil and water raises one side of the people. Infact, its not only people, but also mountains. It can be said that it is theunique landscape of Qinling that gives birth to this famous Chinese mountain,which is famous for its high, cold, strange, special and beautiful.

You can see different mountain ranges here. Their morphologicalcharacteristics are different, which is very interesting. In particular, thereare various geomorphic forms formed by Quaternary glacial activities. If youlook carefully, you will find that they are still intact and clear. Maybe youcan also see the historical changes.

Next, lets talk about the different climate of Taibai Mountain. I wonderif youve ever heard of the wonder of snow in June in Taibai Mountain. Its oneof the eight famous scenic spots in Guanzhong. Maybe you are still in the hotsun at the foot of the mountain. When you come to the top of the mountain, itscold and windy. Does that sound amazing? But unfortunately, due to the warmingclimate, less snow in winter and hot weather in midsummer, its hard to see sucha landscape.

In addition, the animal and plant resources in our scenic area are veryrich. On Taibai Mountain, Chinese herbal medicine is everywhere, and clover isunique to Taibai Mountain. Rich plant resources also provide sufficient food forwild animals. Giant panda, golden monkey and takin are breeding here. If youhave a chance, you can also see these lovely friends.

OK, lets start our tour!

Dear tourist friends, Hello, welcome to Longfeng square.

When you hear this, you must ask why it is called this name. Its becauseits near Longfeng Mountain and its built on the mountain. Now you can see abeautiful bridge, which is the rainbow bridge. Next to the rainbow bridge is alarge color music fountain. You can enjoy the beautiful water scenery and watchthe wonderful fountain performance here. I believe the music fountain will bringyou a visual feast.

Forget to introduce, here is the largest and most dazzling open panoramicwater show. You can enjoy the water dance with landscape, music and lighting. Ibelieve you will think you are still dreaming after watching it. There will betwo music fountain water dance shows every night. You will feel the full impactof sound, light and electricity. Speaking of which, are you impatient?

Opposite to the music fountain is the leisure square of the CentralWaterfront Commercial Street. You can go to the bar to have a drink with yourfriends, or go to KTV to sing. Of course, if you like to be quiet, you can alsohave a quiet tea, or go to the flavor restaurant to taste the local snacks. Wealso have a local specialty supermarket here. You can also buy some for yourfriends.

In front of us is the waterfall group of Taibai Mountain Dragon and PhoenixSquare. In fact, it is also an important part of the beautiful night scene ofTaibai Mountain. You can enjoy all this beauty in the evening. I believe it willnot disappoint you.

OK, thats all for you. Lets meet at the next scenic spot.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, we now come to qingniu cave. Im your guide.Im very happy to visit qingniu cave with you today.

Hearing this, do you want to know the origin of the name? Let me introduceit to you. Its said that when Taishang Laojun rode along the northern foothillsof Qinling Mountains to here, he was attracted by the beautiful scenery, so hestopped here to explain the Scriptures. Thats why we got the name of qingniucave. Of course, we can see that qingniu cave had a unique beauty. Otherwise,how could it attract taishanglaojun?

Now let me tell you an interesting thing. It is said that later, the localresidents dug up a stone ox in the cave, so they built a temple here, mainly forthe local people to worship and pray. Later, you can visit and pray for yourfamily and friends.

Well, Ill finish my explanation for you. I hope I can help you. Lets makean appointment for the next scenic spot.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, welcome to Tangyu hot spring. Im your guide.Today, I will visit this beautiful scenery with you.

Do you know that Tangyu is one of the 72 valleys in Qinling Mountains.Tangyu hot spring has been famous all over the world since ancient times. It isa hot spring group composed of 11 natural artesian springs. The watertemperature of the hot spring is 73 ℃. The water is rich in more than 20 kindsof minerals and trace elements that are beneficial to human body. Cant you waitto hear that?

In fact, the ancients have long discovered this geomantic treasure land. Doyou know that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wen of Zhou built asoup pool here for recuperation and treatment, which was also called FengquanShenze at that time. besides. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty brought YangGuifei here four times and named it Fengquan soup. From this we can see that theancients had a special preference for the hot springs here.

Since you have come to Taibai Mountain, taking a hot spring to wash awaythe dust is also an indispensable part of your trip to Taibai Mountain. This isthe end of my introduction to you. I hope it will help you. Next, you can visitby yourself. Lets meet at the next scenic spot.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, now we come to the gate of Taibai MountainNational Forest Park. I am your guide, and I will visit with you next.

If you look to the left side of the door, there is a commemorative stone,which is called commemorative stone. The stone is engraved with the Chinesemountaineering teams first visit to mount Taibai. Speaking of this, I have tosay its origin.

On April 25, 1956, the newly established Chinese mountaineering team Shizhanchun and other 32 people, under the guidance of Soviet experts, climbedTaibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains. This is the first time thatChinese mountaineers have climbed a mountain more than 3000 meters inShanghai.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, now we come to Taibai Mountain.

Taibai Mountain is the main peak of the Qinling Mountains. It can be saidthat the mountains and waters of the Qinling Mountains gave birth to this famousChinese mountain, which is famous for its high, cold, strange, special andbeautiful. Li Daoyuan and Bai Juyi have praised its magnificence and beauty. Noone can destroy such a beautiful ecological landscape.

Do you know that Taibai Mountain, as the main peak of Qinling Mountains, is3771.2 meters above sea level. When you see it, do you feel that it has amysterious color that makes you yearn for it?

I dont know if youve ever heard of snow in Taibai. Its one of the eightfamous scenic spots in Guanzhong. Why do you say that? Thats because when weclimb mountains in summer, the sun is burning at the foot of the mountain andthe cool wind is blowing on the hillside, but the cold wind is blowing on thetop of the mountain. So dont forget to bring thick clothes when you climbmountains in summer.

Of course, there are many wonders in Taibai Mountain, such as quaternaryglacial relics, high mountain flower sea and so on. I believe you will beintoxicated with it after reading it. Even Mr. Xu Mingzheng, deputy director ofShaanxi Provincial Tourism Administration, was unconsciously infected by thebeautiful scenery of Taibai Mountain after his visit, leaving Guanzhong with sixdays of leisure. Never tired of seeing each other, only Taibai Mountainswonderful sentences.

Are you impatient to hear that? OK, thats all for you. Lets make anappointment for the next scenic spot.

As you can see, our Guanyin cave is a natural cave composed of five layersof stone caves, which makes Guanyin cave more natural and full of fragrance. Iwonder if you felt mysterious when you first came in?

When we first came in, I dont know if you noticed that there is a magicancient tree at the entrance of the cave. This big tree is in the air. It feelslike it grows out of the cave. But its strange that you cant see the root inthe cave. The trunk of this tree is strong. You see, there is a sign of athousand year old tree in Dongtian. The local people call it Wuyou tree.

Dear tourist friends, how do you do? Now we come to yangwenzhou MemorialPark. Im your tour guide. Its my pleasure to visit yangwenzhou memorial parkwith you today. Lets introduce it to you.

A mountain will be famous for a person, and a person will be great for amountain. Todays Taibai Mountain is connected with a persons name forever. Heis Yang Wenzhou.

Let me introduce Yang Wenzhou to you first. He was the Deputy Secretary ofthe Party committee of Taibai Mountain National Forest Park. In the 1980s, underthe pressure of doubt and opposition, such as whether he could produce hot waterand where the money came from, he started drilling wells, and spent every day onthe construction site, eating and working with the drilling workers.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, the two peaks that appear in front of you areCamel Mountain.

Thats right. Can you take a closer look at it? Does it look like a bigcamel kneeling? Do you know that this camel is the largest camel in the worldand the most loyal usher of Taibai Mountain. From a distance, it seems to greetyou and welcome you.

In fact, Taibai Mountain is known as Chinas natural zoo. There are morethan 300 kinds of rare animals and 230 kinds of birds. Have you heard of thefour treasures of Qinling mountains? They are giant panda, takin, golden monkeyand Crested Ibis. You can understand it carefully later, and you will know thatthis title is worthy of reputation.

Besides, there is also the blood pheasant, a special product of ourcountry. Speaking of it, you may feel very strange. Its like a domestic hen.Its named after the blood red head, abdomen and feet. I dont know if you knowthat there is another animal here called Sumen antelope. It looks like a sheep,not a sheep, not a horse, not a horse. Does that sound interesting?

OK, thats all for you. You can have a rest. Lets meet at the next scenicspot.

Welcome to Guiguzi cave. I dont know how much you know about Guiguzi. Letme introduce him to you.

Gui Gu Zi was the originator of Taoism and political strategists in thespring and autumn and Warring States periods. Speaking of him, he was amysterious figure in Chinese history. Taoism believed that Gui Gu was a realimmortal in ancient times. It said that he had lived in the world for more than100 years and then disappeared. Is it full of mystery?

There are many legends about him. According to legend, Guiguzi is the sonof Qinglong, a villager, and Donghai Longnv.

Now we come to Dushan. Next, I will visit Dushan with you.

You know, there is an interesting legend about Dushan. Let me tell yousomething about it. It is said that this mountain is the highest one in PenglaiFairy Island. It heard that Taibai Mountain is higher than three mountains andfive mountains. It was very dissatisfied, so it went all the way to TaibaiMountain to compare its height. But when it got to the foot of Taibai Mountain,it saw that the shortest mountain on Taibai Mountain was higher than it. It wasvery ashamed. When it was ready to escape, it was detained by Taibai Mountain.There was a couplet: Dushan Shame, high as Taibai, do not want to compare highand low; Taibai retain, low is also Castle Peak, should know that there is amountain outside the mountain.

Now we come to the ancient plank road of the Three Kingdoms. I dont knowif youve just come here and feel a strong sense of history?

Speaking of plank road, did you first think of building plank road openlyand secretly? So it can also be said that it embodies the wisdom of ancientpeople and is a miracle in the ancient traffic history of our country. It issaid that during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei had a military adviser namedFazheng, who was an important military adviser. He suggested Liu Bei build thisplank road to confuse Sima Yi.

The ancient plank road of the Three Kingdoms is 1100 meters long. You know,20_ In, this plank road also made special reports on the Central Seven "militarycolumns" channel!

Now we come to the Sleeping Buddha Temple. Next, lets visit the exquisiteand simple Sleeping Buddha Temple.

Speaking of our Sleeping Buddha Temple, we have to introduce a historicalorigin. You know, in 1932, Mr. Yu Youren came here. Interestingly, he left adoggerel in the Sleeping Buddhas place: good Sleeping Buddha, good SleepingBuddha. After sleeping Pepsi, I want to sleep too. Who will protect the country.Although this doggerel is humorous, it also reflects the old peoples concernfor the country. When you hear this, do you think of Fan Zhongyans idea that weshould worry about the world first and enjoy the world later.

Hello, tourist. Now we come to kaitianguan.

Speaking of this name, it also comes from Li Bais poem Taibai and mywords, I want to open Tianguan. Today, you can have a feast for your eyes here,because you can not only see a large area of virgin forest and undulatingmountains, but also see the strange scene that the rain is continuous at thefoot of Taibai Mountain and the sky is clear on the mountain.

Lets open Tianguan. Its still a natural bathing beach. Do you feelrefreshed when you just come here? Thats because the ozone emitted by the pinetrees here can bring you a fresh feeling.

Now we come to the seven women peak. Its my pleasure to visit seven womenpeak with you.

If Taibai Mountain is magnificent, then our seven women peak is beautifuland the most spectacular.

It is the most beautiful peak of Taibai Mountain. The seven peaks are invarious shapes and lines, like the seven fairies standing side by side andfalling into the world. Does that sound fantastic?

However, QINV peak is not only beautiful, but also famous for its danger.It is called Xiaohua mountain, isnt it very powerful? While enjoying thebeautiful scenery of QINV peak, we can also see Shixia TIANTI, Yuji ridge,Shengui Tanhai and other famous scenic spots along the way.

You see the place where the huge stones rush down in front of us, this isthe stone array.

Maybe you dont know much about the Stonehenge. Let me give you a briefintroduction. Stonehenge is a periglacial landform of Quaternary glacial relicsin Taibai Mountain, also known as Shihe. During the period of glacial movement,the mountain uplifted and melted, and the mountain disintegrated, forming such abreathtaking and magical landscape that we can see. Every glacier stone hererecords the passage of time and the evolution of everything. If you areinterested, you can observe it carefully, and you may find traces of glaciermovement.

Dear tourist friends, the place we are now arriving at is Xiaban temple.Next, let me introduce it to you.

You just came here, did you feel a little cold? Yes, our Xiaban temple is2800 meters above sea level. It already belongs to sub cold zone climate, so youshould exercise more to prevent cold.

Next, Ill give you a brief introduction to the origin of its name.According to legend, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the prosperity ofBuddhism, in order to facilitate the local peoples visit, people used localmaterials, made of red birch wood, built two temples here, the lower elevationis Xiaban temple in front of us.

Dear tourist friends, Hello, welcome to huixianping. Next, I will visithuixianping with you.

As you can see, what appears in front of us is a large area of flat land.As the name suggests, this is the place where the immortals gather. Maybe if youstay here a little longer, youll feel immortal.

Our vision of huixianping is very wide. You can enjoy the beautiful sceneryhere. Looking to the north, its Erxian mountain, the exit of QINV peak. Itssaid that Erxian mountain is the place where Taishang Laojun and Taibai Jinxingplay chess. There are towering ancient trees here. The environment is elegantand the scenery is pleasant.

Standing in huixianping, you can see the mountains in the East, the famousTaibai snow in the south, the attractive scenery of the Red River Valley in theWest and the vast Weihe plain in the north. I believe you will be intoxicatedwith it.

Hearing this, are you impatient? OK, next you can visit by yourself. Letsmeet at the next scenic spot.

Dear tourist friends, how do you do

各位朋友,大家好!

今天是个天气晴朗的大好日子，我们将用2个小时的时间，沿着关中道西行135公里，依次经过西安市、咸阳市、兴平市、周至县、杨陵农业城、眉县，最后抵达太白山，进行旅游观光活动。旅游观光活动将持续7个小时左右，午餐在太白山用，晚餐我们返回西安用。我今天会和大家一起努力，带大家游览好有“关中八景”之称的太白山，请大家多多配合，如有问题或意见，不用客气，请大家及时指出来。

概况

先介绍一下太白山名称的来历。有两种主要说法。其一与陕西方言有关，“太白积雪六月天”是有名的关中八景之一，太白山山顶6月积雪，在6月炎阳的高照下，皑皑白雪反射阳光成缕缕银光四射，很好看、很漂亮、很白。陕西的关中一带，用方言说很白很白，就是白得很、白得太太、太白咧，人们长期叫起来，最后就把它叫做太白山。其二跟一个传说有关。相传关中一带在远古的时候就是一块富饶美丽的地方，土地肥沃、气候温和、雨量充足。这样好的一块地方被远方的一条恶龙看中了，恶龙想霸占，太白金星看到后，就和这条恶龙大战9天9夜，终于赶跑了恶龙，但是他还是不放心，要永远守候在这里，最后太白金星的身躯当真变化成一座巍峨的高山，直插云霄，所以这座山就被称做太白山。

提起 “太白”二字，人们不免想起唐代大诗人李白李太白，李太白的名字是否和太白山有关系不得而知。但太白山从古至今就是诗人、名僧、文豪的游览之地，李白就有一首“登太白峰”的诗写道：“酉上太白峰，夕阳穷攀登……举手可近日，前行若无山……”的壮丽诗篇，表现了诗人对太白山的赞美和热爱。今天我们就沿着诗人的足迹前去观赏太白山。

现在简单介绍一下太白山的情况。太白山是秦岭的主峰，高3767米，大家可能都知道秦岭是中国南北的分界线，我们平常所说的南方人、北方人就是以此为界;秦岭也是中国两大水系长江水系和黄河水系的分水岭;也是中国主要稻米生产区和小麦生产区的分界线;也是面食区和米饭区的主要分界线。南方人多吃米、多吃鱼、多吃菜，聪明、细腻;北方人多吃面，生性耿直、厚道。所以我们沿途多见到的是小麦地。太白山处在我国中部，从山麓至山顶，相对高差很大，动植物都有明显的垂直分布规律，当地人生动地称之为“高二丈，不一样”。白居易有诗为：“人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开”，从这些谚语和诗词中亦能反映出来这些特征。我们今天攀登太白山，随着我们的攀登、位移，自然景观会不断地变化，最下面有侧柏林景观，到达2200米时，就是松枥林，再向上还有桦木林、冷杉林等，最后还有落叶松林和高山苔原景观带。但是最上边气候瞬息万变，忽阴、忽晴、忽雾、忽雨、忽大风，忽冰雹，变幻莫测，很是神秘，很多人迷路、遇险都在此处，但是今天大家不要怕，紧跟着我走，不要离队。

太白山

现在已经抵达太白山，大家跟随我依次攀登，沿途会有很多文化遗存，也有很多名胜奇景，我会一一讲解给大家听。前面这个池子叫三官池，池水清澈见底，是当地群众祈雨之地，非常灵验，如果你们那儿雨少受旱，也可祈点雨带回去，但是每次祈雨一定要到这里来。我们前边这座山峰名叫万勿山，群壑排列似牙勿，所以称此名，中间最高的那一处山峰挺秀峻拔、耸人云霄，故名日独秀峰。前边儿处地方叫二仙水、望仙岭、冲天岭、分水岭、观云海等。

我先简要介绍一下太白湫泉，大家想必看过电视纪录片太白大爷海潜水探险的片子吧?!两位潜水勇士从结冰的湖面潜入了我国内地海拔最高的高山湖泊—— 三太白池 (海)里，捞了一块珍贵石头，供地质研究，创造了潜水史上的一个壮举，捞出来的这块石头，更是珍贵，对太白山的形成等有很大的科研价值。其实，太白山处处都是宝，如果大家今天运气好的话，还会碰到很珍贵很珍贵的东西，动物方面有大熊猫、金丝猴、扭角羚、锦鸡、太阳鸟等，碰到的话千万不要打扰它们，因为在这儿我们是客，它们才是这儿真正的主人。中草药方面有很多名贵药材，比如:太白贝母、雪山一枝花、手掌参、天麻等，不过我们不认识，千万不能乱采。这里许多植物是有毒的，千万小心。如果我们团里有懂地质的人，千万不要错过机会，这里有引人入胜的第四纪末期的冰川遗迹，有冰斗、角峰、冰川湖、幽谷、羊背石等。

已经到山顶了，这个平台叫拔仙台，是第四纪冰川遗迹的一个角峰，如果天气好的话，我们可以俯瞰北边滔滔之渭水，壮观至极。我们现在看到的这个湖，就是大爷海 (大太白海)，另外还有二爷海 (二太白海)、三爷海 (三太白海)、玉皇池、明星池等，分布如串珠，保存完整，水寒如冰，水稳如镜，清澈碧蓝，岩影波光，绣丽动人。白云蓝天映人湖面，随风变幻，景致万千，大家好好感受一下这心旷神怡的感觉吧。

大家登山的途中看到许多老太太拿着馒头、黄纸和香登山，虽然登得很吃力，但从不泄气，为什么呢?因为当地人认为太白山是一座神山，如果身体有病想康复，想发财，想要男孩，想要夫妻和睦，都可到沿途庙宇中烧香许愿，据说非常灵验。大家如果有什么要祈求，烧香不烧香无所谓，只要心诚祈求就行，这就是平常所说的“心诚则灵”，太白山也会祝登过它的人幸福安康，永伴终生!

1644年，成都平原遭到了一场前所未有的灾难。崇祯十七年，张献忠入川，成都沦陷，张献忠称帝，随即在成都拉开了一幕四川有史以来最残酷的大灾难。据文史记载“城内杂树成拱，狗食人肉若猛兽虎豹…民逃深山中，草衣木食，遍体皆生毛”。这场史无前例的惨剧，让古蜀以来四川三千年文明史，跌入最黑暗的年代。天台山在这场浩劫中也未能幸免。民间流传，张献忠军马败退时路过邛州夹门关，有三千棍僧堵截，张部绕青草坡从天台后山，袭击成功。于是，天台山玉石俱焚，宫、观、寺、庵尽毁。我们现在从出土石碑上还能看到，“因献贼蹂躏半遭毁尽仅存十余院”的文字。雷音寺是当时规模最大的一座寺庙，在这场浩劫中也被付之一炬。今天，从雷音寺遗址留下来的照壁、宋代石狮和残垣断壁中，我们依稀还能看到昔日天台宗教事业的鼎盛。

在经历了历史的洗礼后，天台风光依旧山灵水秀，管理和服务日臻完善，。它不仅完整地传承了长达两千多年的精神遗产，还汲取了更为广阔丰厚的外来思想与文化基因。1994年被评为国家级森林公园，20__年被评为国家重点风景名胜区，20__年被评为国家AAA旅游区，20__年成功申报四川大熊猫栖息地世界自然遗产，天台山成为其重要组成部分。

那是我五年级的事了，可是，即使过了三年，这件事依旧深深地刻在我的脑海里。

那一年，我看见别的小朋友骑着自行车在街上溜来溜去，可棒了!我也希望自己能像他们那样。于是，我想妈妈提出了这个愿望，妈妈二话不说地答应了。

我和妈妈把自行车牵了出去。已到了外面，我就迫不及待骑上车，往坡下冲。但是由于我是第一次骑，掌握不好平衡，在半坡中摔了下来。我的手被磨破了皮，痛的我“死去活来”的。我心想：我的手被磨破了皮，我该怎么握把手呢?我站了起来，拍了拍身上的灰，但手一碰到把手，就火烧火燎般的痛。我该怎么上去呢?

忽然，耳边传来了妈妈的声音：“你不要一直想着你的手受伤了!坚强点!一点一点走上来!”听了妈妈的话，我忍着痛，握紧把手，踉踉跄跄地，走一步，滑两步。费了九牛二虎之力，我才爬上了坡。妈妈笑了，先把我带回家，涂了碘酒，又带我出来学车。

妈妈把我的车牵到了平地上，我骑上了车，摇摇晃晃地，像喝醉了酒一样。妈妈帮我扶住了车。我心想：有妈妈在后面帮我扶着，我已经没什么好怕的了!想到这，我加快了速度，像风一样飞了起来。殊不知，妈妈早已放掉了手，可我却浑然不知，以为有妈妈扶着呢，越骑越快。在我即将撞上一棵树时，我居然躲了过去!正当我以为是妈妈帮助我的时候，我回头一看，妈妈正在远处笑吟吟地看着我。我惊呆了!妈妈对我说：“你已经学会了，不信你试试看!”我屁股一坐，两手一握，双脚一蹬，自行车就吱吱地转了起来，我骑的是那么平稳，这是我永远忘不了的经历。

这个世界上的确有很多东西，不管你多么努力都实现不了，正因如此，必须努力的时候绝不能踌躇。事后，妈妈对我说：“当你决定了要向前迈进的那一刻时，你就已经踏出前进的一步了。”这句话是我终身受益。

妈妈，谢谢你的帮助。

西安碑林博物馆导游词

女士们,先生们大家好!现在我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代恩所称的石经包括：唐天宝四年，也就是公元的745年，由唐玄宗书写的《石台孝经》；以及唐开成二年，也就是公元的837年刻成的《开成石经》。这些石经原来都立在唐长安城务本坊的国子监太学内。唐朝末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗迁都洛阳，驻守长安的佑国军节度使韩建将长安城进行了缩小，致使石经弃于郊外。在许多人的建议下，韩建和后来的刘郇陆续将这些碑石移到了城内的文宣王庙内，也就是今天的西大街社会路一带。由于那里地势低洼，所以对保存经石不利。于是，公元1087年，在北宋漕运大使吕大忠的组织下，又将那里的碑石移到了今天的位置。这便形成了最早的西安碑林。

“碑林”一名始于清代。它收藏了从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分布在七个陈列室，八个碑厅和六座碑廊之中。这些碑石主要可以分为“碑林”和“石刻艺术室”两大部分。博物馆占地面积31900平方米，陈列面积3000平方米。碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由原先拜谒孔子的孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。孔子是中国儒家的创始者，历来被封建统治者所推崇。汉武帝就曾提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”。不知大家有没有注意到：按照中国历来的建筑制式，门都是朝南开的。而碑林的门却是东西向的。这是怎么回事呢？这是因为碑林为孔庙旧址，按照中国古代的制度，孔庙的门都开在东西两侧，以示对孔子的尊敬。西门称为“礼门”东门称为“义路”。南面的门则封闭起来，叫做“塞门”。大家现在看到的这个高大的牌坊叫做“太和元气坊”。它是明代的建筑，是由华山西岳庙移过来的，采用的是四柱三檐。上面的这些彩画是和玺彩画。中国古代制度森严，彩画也是有等级的。最高的是和玺彩画，另外还有旋子彩画和苏式彩画。

大家眼前看到的这两个半圆形的水池,它是孔庙特有的建筑。按照古代制度，国家级孔庙内的水池为圆形，叫“辟雍”；地方级孔庙内的水池为半圆形，叫做“泮池”。“泮”是三滴水加个一半的半。汉字讲究象形，“泮”就是半个水池。孔子提倡学无止境，学问永远没有满的时候，就像这水池，永远也不可能成为满圆形的。在古代，只有考中秀才的人才可以走上泮池中间的小桥，当一回秀才。

在泮池北边的这个石牌坊也是孔庙特有的建筑，称为“棂星门”。传说“棂星”是二十八星宿中主管取土的神。当年，进出棂星门有严格规定：祭孔大典时，只有主祭的最高官员才能由中门出入；一般官员由西门出入；其他人员由东门出入。所以就有了成语“旁门左道”。现在我们已经进入了棂星门内。中国古代的建筑都是讲究中轴对称的。那么，碑林也不例外。碑林的各个陈列室以棂星门的中门为中轴线，自南向北对称排列。两边的房间为临时陈列室。大家请注意看，中央道路两旁有许多的石柱，它是我国古代民间石刻的瑰宝—渭北栓马桩。这些栓马桩高2米左右，上面刻有各种纹饰，造型丰富。马是古代重要的交通和作战工具。在一望无垠的渭北高原上，出于交通与军事的需要，在驿站旁边设立了大批的栓马桩。它除了可以栓系、震慑牲畜这个目的外，还具有震邪、吉祥和装饰的意义。在解放前，渭北地区的官宦或富豪人家的院门外两侧大都栽有成排的栓马桩。

~小三峡导游词 ·陕西大雁塔 ·黄帝陵导游词 ·司马迁墓导游词

现在请大家看远出处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢？难道这是一个错别字吗？显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。鸦片战争之后，他革职戍守新疆伊犁。当时路经西安，写下了这两个字。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。你待会儿就会发现，碑林中的所有“碑”字都少了一撇。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

现在请大家看这通高大威严的石碑，这便是久负盛名的《石台孝经》。它是碑林中最大的石碑。《孝经》是儒家经典之一，是由孔子的学生曾参编纂的。全书共分18章，主要讲述封建社会基本伦理道德之一的孝道。并且把孝敬父母和忠于君王联系起来，提倡“事君如事父”，以宗法血缘关系维护封建统治，因而得到历代封建统治阶级的特殊重视。认为“孝”是一切道德的根本，把“以孝治天下”视为基本统治策略。《石台孝经》的前半部分是唐玄宗李隆基用隶书为孝经作的序，目的是为了表示自己要以孝来治理天下。后半部分是孝经的原文。那些小字是李隆基为孝经作的注释。在当时，此碑立在国子监太学内，因此被称为“御碑”。又因为此碑建在三层石台之上，所以叫做《石台孝经》。这块碑石高近6米，碑座、碑身、碑首由35块巨石组成。碑顶雕有卷云蜷龙，似乎就要凌空而去。碑身由四块巨石组成，是整个碑林中碑身最大的一块石碑。碑座底下有三层石台，形制特殊。“风流天子”唐玄宗也擅长书法，这块碑刻书法工整，字迹清晰，华美飘逸，在唐代隶书中堪称佼佼者。这块碑林中的超级巨碑因为太大，只好向下延伸，在碑亭中形成一个方坑，向上则快到亭顶，显得顶天立地，气度不凡，因此被称为“迎客第一碑”。

现在请各位随我进入碑林的第一陈列室。这里展出由艾由晦、陈等楷书的《开成石经》。“开成”是因为它刻于唐文宗开成二年，也就是公元837年。“经”，是指中国古代儒家的经典著作。《开成石经》包括12部著作，除《孝经》外，《周易》通过八卦形式推测自然和社会变化，是先秦思想史的重要资料；《诗经》是编成于春秋时代的中国最早诗歌总集；《周礼》、《仪礼》和《礼记》是先秦典章制度与社会礼俗的汇集；《春秋左传》、《公羊传》、《谷梁传》分别从史料和儒家义理角度阐释我国最早的编年史《春秋》；《论语》是技记述孔子言行的专集；《尔雅》是我国最早解释词义的专著。这些都是封建社会文人学士的必读之书。因为当时雕版印刷还不普遍，为避免传抄错误，唐文宗下令把它们刻在石碑上，立于国家最高学府国子监太学内，供人们校对。《开成石经》由114块碑石双面组成，共计228面，650152字。清代又补刻了《孟子》一书9石，合称十三经。中国历史上曾经组织过7次经籍石刻，只有这一部保存得最完整。加上时代又早，史料价值极高，人们赞叹它是“世界上最厚最重的书籍“。

共3页，当前第1页123