英文导游常用语最新20篇

个人的英文年终工作总结范文

The end of the year is often a time of many events -- wrapping up business for the year while also wrapping holiday presents. This article presents something you can give to yourself -- something that you can get done during the holiday lull or over some vacation days -- a quick and easy process for examining what youve accomplished in your career this year and where you want to go with it next year.

Of course, you may have already done at least some preliminary work on reviewing the year -- especially if your employer hands out year-end bonuses or conducts year-end performance reviews -- and if so, thats a good place to start your year-end review.

But unlike your on-the-job performance review, the purpose of this article is to suggest you consider conducting an even more important assessment -- taking stock of your career. Now is the perfect time to review where you are, where youve been, and where you want to go.

Before you begin your assessment, take a moment to ask yourself the most important question: Am I happy and fulfilled by my job and career? No matter how successful youve been in the past 11 months, if you are fundamentally unhappy with your work, spend the vast majority of

Dont rush your review. Consider using a weekend or one or more of your vacation days to reflect on your career. You dont need to -- and probably shouldnt -- complete all six steps in one sitting. Break it up over several days if you like.

Step One: Review Career Goals. Did you set any goals for your career this year -- formally or informally? Most people have some idea of what they want to accomplish next in their careers, such as getting a promotion and/or raise or perhaps achieving better work/life balance. Setting some goals is an important activity because goals help provide the focus you need to move your career forward -- and to avoid distractions or activities that may slow your career progress (or worse, devalue you). So, if you had any goals for this year, answer these questions:

* Did I achieve my career goals?

* Am I satisfied with what I did relative to my goals?

* Did anything happen to change my goals over the course of the year?

* How should I modify my goals for next year?

Step Two: Review Your Career Year. What have you done this year? This step is about documenting your career progression and identifying key achievements. Thinking about all youve done over the past 11 months or so, ask yourself these questions:

* What have I accomplished?

* What new skills have I acquired?

* What have I learned?

* What opportunities were gained and lost?

* How am I better today than I was at the beginning of the year?

Step Three: Develop Your Career Synopsis. Where are you in your career? Review all aspects of your career and examine where you stand at this juncture. Some questions to ask yourself:

* Am I where I should be in my career?

* What has helped or hindered my progression?

* Am I happy with my current employer?

* What are my strengths and weakness?

Step Four: Envision Your Future. Whats your next career step? Take some time to plan for next year (and perhaps beyond), picturing the path you want your career to take. Again, here are some questions to help you:

* What do I want to be doing more of in my career?

* What do I want to be doing less of in my career?

* Whats the next step in my career?

* When should I be taking this next step?

* Whats my ideal/ultimate career dream?

Step Five: Action Steps for Your Future. How will you get to that future career? Make a list of what you need to do -- career goals for the coming year -- to get to where you want to be next in your career. These might be things such as building your network, gaining additional experiences, changing employers, strengthening your career brand, or pursuing additional training/education/certifications. Questions to ask yourself:

* What do I need to prepare myself for this next step?

* Do I need to find a new employer to make the next step?

* How do I position myself for this next step?

Step Six: Share Your Career Vision. Are your career goals and action plans feasible? Schedule a meeting with your mentors and to get reactions to your plan, as well as advice for achieving it.

Final Thoughts

Once youve completed these six steps, you should not only know yourself and your career better, but have some specific goals and action steps to help you progress along a career plan.

Another benefit from completing this year-end review is that the results from part of the analysis should assist you in updating your resume if you have not been keeping it current as the year progressed. Even if you are extremely happy with your employer, it makes sense to have a current resume for that once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, or worse, if your employer decides its time to downsize the workforce.

尊敬的游客大家好!欢迎大家来到丽江古城游玩，我是这次云南之行的导游古润璐，很高兴认识大家。

丽江古城位于丽江坝中部，北依象山、金虹山、西枕狮子山，东南面临数十里的良田阔野。丽江古城是一座历史悠久的文化古城，这里历史文化气息浓厚，像纳西古乐，白沙壁画，东巴文字，白沙细乐，都蕴藏着丰富的文化。丽江古城又名大研镇，它还是一座没有城墙的古城，非常特别。这里的少数民族，有白族，彝族，藏族，傈僳族，普米族等等，说到这我想问一下大家，这里居住最多，最主要的少数民族，是什么族呢?呵呵，是的，是纳西族。纳西族的建筑也是非常有特色的，我们会在今后的行程中带大家去参观纳西族人民居住的房子，了解他们的生活。

说了这么多，有的朋友问这里有没有好吃的，特色的美食呢，那太多了，比较有名的过桥米线，粑粑，烤肉，东巴烤鱼，不光有吃的还有喝的，青稞酒，男女皆宜，纯粮食酿造的，别有风味。我看到有的朋友已经流口水了啊，短暂的介绍后，大家已经对丽江古城有了初步的了解，想要更加细致深入的了解丽江的风土人情，感受异域的人文风情，开始我们精彩的古城之旅吧。

"Je t aime, Paris!" Paris, prehistoric burial at sea level under the land, in the city of more than 20xx years later, the name will not let anyone strange. Huadu, the world famous historical and cultural city known as the city of light, romantic, fashion, food of all... Maybe you just want to go to the avenue montaigne likes shopping, maybe just want to take a walk to the river Seine, maybe you just want to go to Michelin restaurant taste French dinner, on the left bank may just want to drink coffee, maybe you just want to go to the Louvre to see the Mona Lisa smile... Maybe the earth only Paris can satisfy everyones expectations.

Paris from the earliest channel island, on the left bank to the river Seine is divided into the right bank, after several expansion, Paris now has "small Paris" and "greater"; Refers to the small Paris is divided into 20 downtown district of Paris, the French population "Paris" and indicated in the address of "Paris" generally refers to the Paris city, zip code for the 750 , most of the attractions such as the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, Notre Dame DE Paris located in Paris, attractions relatively concentrated, so walking is a good choice. The greater is the small plus around Paris suburb of seven provinces of Ile DE - France (French island district), there are many worthy to place, such as the palace of Versailles, Fontainebleau, Disneyland, etc.

Once backpackers in Opera (Opera house), with the gradual rise of land price in Paris, has various levels of tourists all over Paris any corner of the left bank and Montmartre became to be bestowed favor on newly. Developed and convenient public transport is the first choice for travel, ride a bike or walk is also a good idea. In an urban area, drive is definitely not a good choice, the Paris government environmental protection very discouraged road trip to Paris.

Art field is located in gold, Chang second between the official figure. Landscape bright, style simple, more to save the pattern of the early days. With its high historical and artistic value. Dominated have only about five acres, centered on accounts for about one 5 of the water. Water concentration, the southeast and southwest two horns, each have water bay stretched out, and on the nozzle shape different masonry bridge, so the surface appear open flow, no sense of congestion constraint. The water of the north building, boya main hall hall for the garden, the south has a small courtyard, a lake rock flowers, courtyard south LinChi, built waterside pavilion 5, on both sides of the wing is connected to the east, and west sides of the water wing.

The water of the south as the rockery, mound, in the place, with lake stone fold into a precipice, diameter, change more and more natural. In pool looks at here, the north rock mountain, lush trees, give a person with the beauty of the under well, mountain forest of, become the main places of the garden. Such as water, stone, unique combination of technique, commonly used by suzhou Ming and qing dynasties generation home gardening, determining the nature and strive to go beyond nature. Have milk fish pavilion, e of water system in the Ming dynasty relic, a path and everywhere is same. The water of the west, qin lu, small courtyard to round David connected to other scenic spot and apart. Into the gates, that the courts have small pool, with a big pool. It also belongs to the outlier in the suzhou gardens. The courts scattered stone flowers and trees, the lake for the retreat in the park.

Former Ming Wen Zhenmeng (Wen Zhiming great-grandson of medicine field, change, placed at the beginning of the qing dynasty, also called JingTing mountain house. Area of about 5 acres, now generally still remain in the Ming dynasty and early qing. Art field plane are slightly north and south long and narrow rectangle, north of the courtyard, is composed of the main hall of boya hall and waterside pavilion; Cut pool, the central area of about one mu for dominated the center, the surface concentration, southeast and southwest have water bay, on the structure low stone bridge. In addition to the north for the waterside pavilion revetment, the remaining pool shore flexor nature, while the pool surface from nearby for low small building is open, take nets garden. Fanaw stacking rockery, structure bridge pavilion, southwest a rear yard. ChiBeiAn five waterside pavilion, low floating in waves, both sides has a separate buildings.

The elevation of all these buildings occupy the pool in the north, which are rare in the suzhou gardens. Stone angeles fanaw near water, followed by heap heaped-up mountains, mountain near water side wall lake stone with the dangerous path. Southwest hospital with wall, water diversion bay in the small pond, stone mountain also delay pulse at this point. Courtyard west hall, between two weeks column stone lake, cultivation of camellia, magnolia flower, see a new world. Pool pavilion, southeast of fish for traces of Ming dynasty. Next to its slow QuShiQiao that also belongs to the early days, is very precious.

Art nursery for suzhou cultural relics protection units. Has been UNESCO world cultural heritage.

Yong hui in the tang dynasty three years (AD 652), xuan zang wizard for sacrifice from India to Buddha, andother and classic Sanskrit, in temple west DaYuan 2-foot-tall tower built a five layer. Contrary to baoji famen temple tower by adding, wild goose pagoda is a temple built tower. During wu zetian changan reconstruction. Then after a lot of dressing. Wild goose pagoda is the famous tourist attraction in the tang dynasty, and therefore have a lot of literati, words, title of the Ming and qing dynasty which alone there are more than two hundred. Big wild goose pagoda in the temple is the tang dynasty monk xuan zang specializing in translation and the scriptures. Buddhist sutras introduced from tianzhu master xuan zang, once conducted temple in the temple service, with "fear generation who, after the loss, and difficult to fire" and make appropriate arrangements via like sarira, citing is outside a temple was built stone tower a, hence march Tang Yonghui three years (AD 652) attached to the chart to write. The emperor tang planning FuTu total 45 zhangs by xuan zang, with enormous project to achievement, and unwilling to mage toil, citing court grant funding 2-foot-tall tower built in the temple west yuan five layer. Wild goose pagoda, this tower due later in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, the temple tower was called wild goose pagoda, jianfu temple tower was called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Imitation of the western regions of great wild goose pagoda Su slope shape, wall brick surface soil core, not climbing, each layer sarira. Master xuan zang personally presided over a tower, built in two years. For brick topsoil heart, wind and rain erosion, more than 50 years after the tower gradually collapse.

Wu zetian changan years (AD 701-701), the queen Wu zetian and nobility, give money to build on the site, for seven new layer, the blue brick flies in the tower (another story, 704 AD as of great wild goose pagoda, tower increased to 10 layers. In 931 AD, when the later tang dynasty five dynasties period to rebuilding, wild goose pagoda to seven layers). After tang dynasty, temple temple by repeated warfare, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda alone.

In 931 AD (five generations of the later tang dynasty changxing two years) repair again for wild goose pagoda. Later in a large earthquake happened in xi an region, the wild goose pagoda tower fell, the tower shatter. (the original tower 11 floors) said "the second tablet" quiet st.

Dear visitors, everybody! Welcome to our lotus buddhist - the jiuhuamountain tourism! I am the guide from you on this trip, my name is wang ping,you call me xiao wang. First of all, introduce below an overview of our jiuhuamountain. Jiuhua mountain is located in chizhou anhui province, anhui "twomountain lake" gold tourist area of the main scenic area, where has beautifulscenery, ancient forest, and mount emei in sichuan province, wutai mountain inshanxi, zhejiang mount putuo and four major buddhist mountains in China.

The jiuhua mountain was not called the jiuhua mountain, at the time of thetang dynasty is called nine mountain, because beautiful jiuhua mountain, theclouds above the mountain there are nine, so nine mountain nine children. Beganyears, by Li Baiceng twice visited here, has written "miao have two gas,lingshan jiu hua, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus" etc historiclovers, jiuhua mountain hence the name, and has been used to this day.

The jiuhua mountain has a long history of religious activity, Taoism injiuhua mountain development first, Buddhism more flourish. Between kai-yuantang, woosong kingdom prince Jin Qiao sailing east, visited famous mountains,the jiuhua practice in our chosen. Night camped out in the hills of the cave,thirsty drink mountain spring hill, hungry eat the mountain of wild plants.Finally he died at the age of 99. The Buddhism thought penance before his death,passed away with records in the sutras like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, as shouldlike ksitigarbha bodhisattva, because of his surname gold without becoming amonk, so also known as the heart of gold. Jiuhua mountain is since then all keptlike ksitigarbha bodhisattva dojo. After the tang dynasty, jiuhua Buddhismstatement, past dynasties after repair, to the whole of the temple in the qingdynasty already has more than 150 seats, only garden temple, east cliff temple,centenarians palace, ganlu temple four big jungle, incense of guilin.

Below we first enter the jiu hua street scenic area, first see is a crosslane. It is carved marble, 9 meters high, is the imitation of buildings has beengloriously enrolled. Banners on the engraved royal emperor kangxi book "nineChinese scenic spot" four characters. Below the door in the north and south twocolumn carved stone lions. Gate dignified elegance, the gate lane welcomedeveryone to see is the fairy bridge, the bridge is built in the qianlong years,is a single-arch stone bridge, the following will set foot on this ancientbridge together, please follow me, into the wonderland of together!

Everyone see, across the bridge is only positive garden temple hall. Gardentemple is only key national temple, the scale is one of the largest the jiuhuamountain four big jungle, by the gate, the great hall, Ursa major, guest room,lecture hall and the scripture-stored tower and so on more than 10 monomerbuilding, is a typical modular architecture, its inside deviate from the centralaxis of the hall, you know why? Because ah, tilt the gate is quite exquisite,way to ward off bad luck, and secondly is the door to the city of toward themountain temple temple. Ursa coloured glaze tile, cornices, newborn status isvery outstanding. On the front wall of the temple there is a stone carving, thetop "taishan shigandang" five characters very eye-catching, everyone to guesswhat is this used for? Actually this is only unique garden temple, is used toward off bad luck town demon.

Enter the gate, is lingguan temple, temple, that take the door stand seeshrine is ChiMian red iron scourge, wide-open, exalted Wang Lingguan. WangLingguan guardian deity of Taoism, is how to protect the dharma? The originallegend of buddhist dharma wei tuo "killing" mistake, is "dismissal" likeksitigarbha bodhisattva, let Wang Lingguan top class, this reflects the"cooperation" the great meaning of Buddhism and Taoism, is afraid is just aplace in the country.

From lingguan temple in a small courtyard, there is a square pavilions typedouble-hipped roof, from the top of the mountain, for the four major Kings like,according to the great hall. Sits in the middle shrine "smile, pot-belliedinclusive" maitreya. "A great bowl of thousands of rice, wan lixing" the alone,is his two ket. On either side for the four heavenly Kings statues.

Lingguan temple and great in the same stylobate, while up layer on thestylobate is Ursa major. Ursa major, the positive standing about 12 meters highBuddha iii, next is green lotus, under 须弥座 (also called Jin Gangtai), finecarving. Sweets positive cross engraved with the "personality" of the story ofbedding face relief. The Buddha, worship for hosts will monk run course.

Good, swim only garden temple, we now come to the center of the street, isnine China we see is the jiuhua mountain temple temple in the city. Buddhistscriptures have "refers to the geochemical city". City temple is located injiuhua mountain, peak city southwest of the city center, hence the name the citytemple. City temple has a long history, it built in the jin dynasty, is Lordalso of the jiuhua mountain temple, the temple of the building layout accordingto the mountain, reflect the superb architectural art. Temple has a higherconsisting, weighing about 20__ pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use thehammer impact, dignified realisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, oftenmake the person has the feeling of free from vulgarity. "The city production"became one of the ten views "of" nine China.

Temple after waste, still stands in the years long river. Existing fourinto the residential house, former SanJin for qing dynasty architecture: a intolingguan temple, two into the great hall, SanJin Ursa major. Second, there was ahuge four water between SanJin patio, meaning "four water belongs to the hall".Ursa all wood door, lintel carved on the icy veins window lattice. The cuhk sunkpanel "Kowloon dish bead" relief for the art treasures. Four into thescripture-stored tower as the jiuhua mountain unique buildings in Ming dynasty,recently according to the original repair. Temple according to the terraingradually rise, the city structure is rigorous, of primitive simplicity andelegant, basic preserved the mountain temple original character.

The city shishi pair of song dynasty, under the temple steps of monogamous,like vigorous. Before have a free life pond, crescent, reportedly is goldenheart leads the ACTS of building city temple during excavation, both for thetemple of fire!

Friends:

Today, Im going to show you a famous tourist attraction in Luoyang - Baimatemple. Baima temple is located about 12 kilometers east of Luoyang City. It isclose to Mangshan Mountain in the north and Luoshui River in the south. It hastowering pagodas, towering halls, long forests and ancient trees. Not far to theEast, the ancient city wall of hazelnut groves still meanders on the Yiluo plainintermittently, drawing out the grand outline of Kyoto, a great power in thepast. That is the former site of Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Baima temple was founded in the 11th year of Yongping (AD 68) of theEastern Han Dynasty. It is the first temple officially established by thegovernment after Buddhism was introduced into China. It is the first BodhiTaoist temple for Buddhism originated from the South Asian subcontinent toprosper and develop in the vast land of China. Therefore, it has always beencalled "Shiyuan" and "Zuting" by the Buddhist circles. "Shiyuan" is thebirthplace of Buddhism, "Zuting" is the courtyard of the founder. It has playedan important role in the spread and development of Buddhism in China, in thepromotion of Ideological and cultural exchanges between China and foreigncountries, and in the development of friendship among the people of allcountries. In 1961, the State Council announced that Baima temple was the firstbatch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1983, the StateCouncil announced that Baima temple is the key Temple of Chinese Buddhism inChina. Not long ago, on June 2, __, Baima temple was designated as a national 4Ascenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Baima temple was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was destroyed forthe first time when Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang. Then it rose and fell. At the timeof Wu Zetian, Xue Huaiyi, who was in charge of the construction, reached itspeak. The most recent large-scale renovation was carried out in 1972 to welcomePrince Sihanouk of Cambodia with the instruction of Premier Zhou.

The existing Baima temple is a rectangular courtyard facing south, with atotal area of about 60000 square meters. There is a wide square in front of thedoor. The main buildings in the temple are distributed on the central axis fromsouth to north. There are five main halls in front and behind, which areTianwang hall, Great Buddha Hall, Daxiong hall and Pilu Pavilion. On the Eastand west sides, there are bell, Drum Tower, Zhaitang, Hakka hall, Zen hall,ancestral hall, sutra collection Pavilion, magic weapon Pavilion and otherancillary buildings, which are symmetrical and well arranged. The two stonehorses in front of the mountain gate are 1.8 meters high and 2.2 meters long,with gentle image and round carving. You may ask, are these two horses relatedto the founding history of Baima temple?

On the foundation of Baima temple, the most popular saying is "Baimatuojing". According to records in Guans Buddhist books, one night in theseventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhuang (the sonof Liu Xiu) spent the night in Nangong. He dreamed that a golden man, who wassix feet tall and shining on his head, came from the West and flew around thepalace. The next morning, Emperor Hanming summoned his ministers and told themthe dream. Doctor Fu Yi said: I heard that there is a God in the west, andpeople call it Buddha, just as you dream. After hearing this, Emperor Han andMing believed it, so he sent more than ten ministers, such as Cai Yin and QinJing, to the western regions to pray for Buddhist scriptures and Dharma. In AD65, Cai Yin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on thejourney of "seeking scriptures from the west". In Dayue Kingdom (now Afghanistanto Central Asia), I met Indian eminent monks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan. Imet Buddhist sutras and white felt statues of Sakyamuni Buddha. I sincerelyinvited the two eminent monks to go to China to preach Buddhism. In the tenthyear of Yongping (AD 67), two Indian eminent monks were invited to carryBuddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together with envoys of theEastern Han Dynasty to Luoyang. Emperor Hanming was very happy to see theBuddhist scriptures and statues. He was very polite to the two eminent monks. Hepersonally received them and arranged for them to stay in Honglu temple, theofficial office in charge of foreign affairs at that time. In 68 A.D., EmperorHan and Ming ordered the construction of monasteries in the north of sanliyuroad outside Xiyong gate in Luoyang. In memory of the white horse carryingScripture, it was named "White Horse Temple". The word "Si" comes from the word"Si" in Honglu temple. Later, the word "Temple" became a general term forChinese temples.

When it comes to Baima temple, many visitors will associate it with thestory of "monk Tangs learning from scriptures". In fact, from the perspectiveof time, Baima temple was more than 560 years earlier than "Tang Monks learningscriptures".

The two stone horses in front of us are two excellent stone carvings of theSong Dynasty. Around 1935, master Seng Dehao, who presided over the restorationof Baima temple, moved them to the front of the mountain gate. As you can see,the gate is a memorial archway style hilltop built in the Ming Dynasty. In 1987,the top was renovated, and the three characters "White Horse Temple" on thewooden plaque was inscribed by Mr. Zhao Puchu, the former president of ChinaBuddhist Association. The three gates symbolize the "three gates of liberation"in Buddhism, which is called the gate of nirvana in Buddhism. The three dooropenings are all made of brick and bluestone. Some of them are engraved with thesurnames of craftsmen. From the font, this kind of stone should be a relic ofthe Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the earliest cultural relic in Baimatemple.

On the west side of the gate of Baima temple, there is a huge half stonetablet, which is about 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide. It is said that thistablet was written by Su Yi, a famous scholar and academician of the SongDynasty. Because its inscription is not written from top to bottom, but iswritten in several rows with short lines, so it is called "duanwen tablet",which is one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

On the east side of the mountain gate is the stele of the Yuan Dynasty,which is 3.5 meters high and 1.15 meters wide. This monument was erected in 1333A.D. and was written by Zhong huawencai, a famous monk of Huayan in the YuanDynasty. It contains the following words: "the man of shangmengjin, flying fromthe west to the west, was bright, and told his dream to his subordinates by ChiDan", "sent 18 people, including Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to visit Tianzhu in thewest, and met with samanga, moteng and zhufalan ”The inscriptions call BaimaTemple "Zuting" and "Shiyuan", and say "Shiyuan is in the middle of heaven, theplace of Guanyu Buddhism", which is in fact "the Enlightenment of Teng and LANmonks". Zhong Hua Wencai later went to Wutai Mountain, one of the "four famousmountains" of Buddhism, and became the first leader of Youguo temple. Thisinscription should have been written by him when he was in zhuoxi Baima temple.Regular script with inscriptions on steles is a rare art treasure ofcalligraphy. Therefore, the tablet did not leave the name of the person whowrote the tablet, so it became a pending case. But the font is "Zhao style".

In front of this East-West symmetrical building, on the east side is thenewly-built bell tower, in front of which are five "Mentou halls" built in theperiod of the Republic of China; on the west side is the newly-built Drum Tower,in front of which is the "Yunshui hall" built in the period of the Republic ofChina. "Mentou hall" and "Yunshui hall" have been set up as Buddhist lawlogistics office and tourism center.

To the east of the bell tower and to the west of the drum tower, close tothe walls on the East and west sides, are the tombs of two Indian monks. The twoeminent monks had been living in Baima temple for a long time to translate andpreach Buddhist scriptures, where they jointly translated the earliest ChineseBuddhist Scripture forty two chapters. They passed away in Baima temple oneafter another, and were buried in the temple. In front of the tombstone, thereis a tombstone erected in 1634, the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty."Tenglan tomb" is also one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

Now the main hall we see is called Tianwang hall, which is the first majorhall in Baima temple. This hall is named for the four heavenly kings. Facing himis Maitreya Tatu. He is smiling and amiable. He holds rosary beads in his righthand and cloth ribbon in his left. His image is vivid and interesting. He is asculpture of the Ming Dynasty. In the Buddhist temples of the Han nationality inChina, the first hall is usually dedicated to Maitreya. When people enter theBuddhist temple, they will first see this happy image, which will produce a kindfeeling to Buddhism.

The large niche above the Buddha statue is carved with more than 50 Dragonsof different shapes. The carving is exquisite, and it is the best wood carvingart of the Qing Dynasty.

On both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings, also known as the"four King Kong". They are: the eastern Heavenly King holding the Kingdom,holding the pipa; the southern Heavenly King holding the umbrella in his righthand, holding the demon in his left hand; the Western Heavenly King holding thedragon in one hand, holding the Pearl in the other; the northern Heavenly Kingholding the pagoda in his hand. According to a Chinese custom, one of the magictools they hold is different. They represent "wind", "tune", "rain" and "Shun"respectively. The four heavenly kings are a group of clay sculpture works ofQing Dynasty, which are burly and majestic.

This statue of Wei tuotian general standing in the north, known as the"Dharma God", is a clay sculpture of the Qing Dynasty. It is dressed as amilitary general and stands behind the statue of Maitreya. Facing SakyamuniBuddha, it is performing the task of maintaining the preaching ground andforbidding the invasion of evil spirits.

There are many pomegranate trees planted on the East and west sides of thetemple. People say that "may pomegranate is as red as fire", but in Baima Templeit is just the opposite, because the pomegranate here is white. Every April andmay of the lunar calendar, the trees are full of pomegranate flowers, crystalwhite, jade like snow, very good-looking, really "may pomegranate white assnow.".

The Great Buddha Hall is the second major Hall of Baima temple. On the eastside of the front of the Great Buddha Hall, there is a stele of "rebuildingBaima Temple" written by Huang Jin in 1556. The stone tablet is 3.8 meters highand 1.03 meters wide, which has important reference value for the study of thehistorical evolution of Baima temple.

The Great Buddha Hall is the main hall in the temple, where major Buddhistactivities are held. Todays Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.Although it has been rebuilt by later generations, it still has thearchitectural style of the blind generation.

There are seven statues on the altar in the middle of the hall. The statueof Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle sits on the seat of Xumi, with a height of 2.4meters.

The statue here is said to be the image of his last sermon. In this sermon,he did not speak, which is called "speechless sermon". He only held a flower inhis right hand, which made people guess, that is, he "twisted the flower to showit to the public" at the nirvana meeting. The symbol on the chest of the GreatBuddha means that the Buddha has "boundless blessing" and "perfect harmony ofall virtues". Therefore, the body has auspicious appearance, which means "theplace of auspiciousness". Wu Zetian defined the pronunciation of this symbol as"ten thousand".

On the left side of Sakyamuni is mahakaya, the eldest disciple. In this"speechless saying", only he understood the real intention of the Buddha, so hebroke his face and smile. Later, he was promoted as one of the top ten disciplesof Sakyamuni. Chinese Zen worshipped him as the first generation patriarch ofIndian inheritance.

The standing statue on the right is Ananda, the eldest disciple. He iswell-known and has a strong memory. He is known as "the first of many stories".Chinese Zen Buddhism also promoted him as the second generation of patriarch whoinherited Buddhism in India.

On the left side of JIAYE is Manjusri Bodhisattva, on the right side isPrajna Sutra, which is known for its profound knowledge and wisdom; on the rightside of Ananda is Puxian Bodhisattva, who holds Ruyi hook, whose virtue isperfect and whose merits and demerits are boundless, which is known as"Xingyuan".

Sakyamuni Buddha, Manjusri and Puxian Bodhisattva are collectively known asthe "three sages of Sakyamuni". These are three clay sculptures of the MingDynasty. East and west stand by two statues to support heaven and man. They holdflowers in their hands and have a delicate posture. They are also called "Sanhuatiannv". When the Great Buddha preached the sermon, he offered support to heavenand man, and scattered flowers one after another in the high sky.

Hanging in the southeast corner of the Great Buddha Hall is a Ming Dynastybell, which was cast by eunuch Huang Jin and weighs 2500 Jin. It is said thatthere used to be a big bell in the White Horse Temple. When the moon is whiteand the wind is clear and the people are still, the monks knock on it. The bellrings all over the place, lasting for decades. Whats more, as soon as the bigbell rings, the big bell on the clock tower of the old city of Luoyang, 25 milesaway, will also ring. As soon as the big bell on the clock tower of the old cityrings, the big bell of Baima temple will ring. This is "the bell of HorseTemple". It is one of the eight sceneries of Luoyang, also known as "midnightbell". It is one of the six sceneries of Baima temple.

The southwest corner of the hall is Dafa drum. The bells and drums here areall the musical instruments that monks beat when they are engaged in Buddhistactivities.

In the rear of the Great Buddha Hall, this sitting statue facing the northis called Guanyin Bodhisattva. Because of its back to the Great Buddha, it isalso known as "sitting upside down Guanyin".

Now what we see is the third main hall - Daxiong hall. Daxiong hall,originally rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty, was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Inthe east wall outside the hall, there is a stone engraved with the supernaturalrecords of the Han Dynasty by Mo Teng, which was re established in the SongDynasty. Bi Wu said that it "has a unique typeface like the preface to the holyreligion, and the calligraphy of the Northern Song Dynasty still has the styleof Jin and Tang Dynasties, which is good and lovely." At this moment, the stonerecords the origin of the construction of Qiyun tower by Emperor Han andMing.

In the hall, on the ceiling. In the center of the hall, this hugedouble-layer niche with wood carvings and gold stickers is exquisitely carvedand resplendent. In the middle of the upper niche, there is a roc golden wingedbird, which kisses the human body. On both sides of the bird, there are threedragons in relief. According to Buddhist legend, the Dapeng golden winged birdlikes to eat dragons most. The dragon has no choice but to "complain" to theTathagata Buddha. The Tathagata Buddha draws a bunch of silk from his cassockand covers a dragon with a piece of silk. From then on, the dragon was protectedby the Tathagata Buddha and no longer worried about the harm of Mirs. TheTathagata Buddha also uses the supernatural power to make the offering changeinfinitely. By substituting the offering for the dragon, it meets therequirements of Dapeng golden winged bird and solves the contradiction betweenthe two sides. Both the dragon and the bird are happy. The design on the nicheprobably originated from this Buddhist legend.

The three main Buddhas in the niches are sitting on the lotus throne withknees on both sides. In the middle of the niches is Sakyamuni, who is honored as"Mahatma", that is to say, he is as powerful as a great warrior. As high as 2.25meters, the whole image gives people a sense of infinite solemnity, holiness andtranquility. On the left side of Sakyamuni is the pharmacist Buddha of the "pureglass world" in the East, and on the right side is Amitabha Buddha of the"paradise" in the West. The three Buddhas have the same shape and style.

Before the three main Buddhas, Wei Tuo and Wei Li were standing oppositeeach other.

There are eighteen Arhats on both sides of the hall. This group of eighteenArhats are sitting statues with different shapes. The height is between1.55-1.61 meters. On the west side, there is a arhat, wearing a corolla and askirt, which is a dignified and elegant female image, while the other 17 statueshave their top cut. Some visitors call them the eighteen Arhats.

The three main Buddhas, the two heavenly generals and the eighteen Arhatsin the main hall are all statues of the Yuan Dynasty. There are 24 MaitreyaBuddhas in the temple of heavenly kings. They were transferred from the GreatBuddha Hall of cining palace in 1973. They are rare cultural relics in China.Among them, the eighteen Arhats are the only remaining set in China and are thetreasure of Baima temple.

There are 5056 mural Buddhas on the East and West gables.

Wei Litian, standing at the back of the hall, is the only remaining claysculpture of the Yuan Dynasty in the temple.

The reception hall is the fourth major hall in the temple. According toBuddhism, Buddhists can be welcomed and guided to the western "paradise" byAmitabha Buddha when they have achieved certain achievements in their practice.In the center, the Buddha is Amitabha, with his right hand extending forward anddownward to make a leading shape, and his left hand pointing to the western"paradise". On the right is Guanyin Bodhisattva, and on the left is dashizhiBodhisattva, collectively known as the "three saints of the west", all of whichare clay sculptures of the Qing Dynasty. The reception hall was destroyed byfire in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Guangxu period. It is thelatest and the smallest one built in Baima temple.

Now, please come with me to the qingliangtai. It is said that theqingliangtai used to be a summer resort and a reading place for Liu Zhuang,emperor of the Han and Ming Dynasties, when he was a child. Later, two Indianmonks lived here and translated scriptures to preach. The first Chinese Buddhistsutra, forty two chapters Sutra, was translated from this place. Since theEastern Han Dynasty, it has always been a place for collecting scriptures. Thename of qingliangtai originates from monk qingruxiu, and is known as the firstof the six scenic spots in Baima temple. Such as Xiu Neng, Wen Neng, poetry,calligraphy and painting are good. He named the six important monuments in Baimatemple as the six sceneries of Baima temple, which are Qingliang terrace,burning Sutra terrace, Qiyun terrace, midnight bell, Tenglan tomb and duanwenstele.

The whole stage, with Pilu Pavilion as the center, is surrounded by theaccessory hall, monks room and veranda, forming a closed courtyard. PiluPavilion is the last main hall in the temple. It was rebuilt in the MingDynasty, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. In the middle ofthe Buddhist altar in the temple, the main statue is Maha piluzana Buddha, orPilu Buddha for short, which means "Da RI Buddha", symbolizing the light andboundless Buddhism. Pilufa, an important sect in Buddhism, is the highestworshipped by Tantrism (also known as zhenyanzong)

Wei river bank Mongolia in eight hundred, is mainly composed of interpretation, mengshan mountain, north mountain, forth, Meng Lianggu high mountains carrying countless hills. Interpretation of mountain, mengshan, LuShan in km above sea level, high mountains and steep, multifunction risk ridge, recomposition of overlapping peaks, multifunction cascade mountains, cliffs, rock climb, ancient towering, waterfall and fountain, jian qing, YiHe, haunted the shuhe river such as belt. Wenfeng hill, FuLaiShan, feather the mountains, horse hair and seventy-two multifunction, grand and show deep and remote and beautiful landscapes.

Interpretation of shandong rizhao city on the yellow sea, blue sea and mountains set each other off becomes an interest.

Yiyuan LuShan water-eroded cave, the size of dozens of karst cave, cave in peak forest, the diversity. In addition, the interpretation of the source yan mountain fairy cave, and in pingyi county Zhao Zhuang fei county trabecular zhuang cave cave and the top of the mountain caves, etc. And each has its own characteristics.

Hot springs in linyi, weapons, spewing, can see, can recuperate again. Country-specific ones the cuttlefish &fried spring belongs to the national grade a hot spring, has now become a famous health resort.

River bank Mongolia many fomous trees on earth. FuLaiShan a ginkgo tree, nearly 4000 years old, is the spring and autumn period, lu monarch and junan son cemented, "world a ginkgo tree," said. Rizhao north li zhuang zi an auric osmanthus tree, 340 years ago, is known as the "king of the north osmanthus. Rizhao, TanCheng, interpretation of the source tree, snow and other cities and counties of thick shell rose tree, the pentagon maples, maidenhair tree, black play fomous trees and other rare trees, tree age were more than in 300. In pingyi county existing state-level forest park.

The existing river bank Mongolia cultural relics nearly thousand. Mainly include the paleoanthropological sites, sites of ancient culture, ancient architecture, ancient stone carving, celebrity former residence and so on.

Mengshan, called the "east", also known as "cloud", is the tallest mountain in the yimeng mountain area. Fei county, pingyi, weapons, darkened it across four counties, something about 150 li long, north-south width 30 li. There are three main peak mengshan: name of sea floor, at an altitude of 1001 meters east of old said east Mongolia; Among 1026 meters above sea level of call pegs, and take also called cloud Mongolia; On the west side 1156 meters above sea level, is the most precipitous turtle mengding.

In turtle root of nanshan, and on the top of the site have ZhuanYu countries. According to historical records, Zhou Wang fu xi seed in this foundation, responsible for the cult mengshan, called ZhuanYu, is attached to lu. Legend ZhuanYu king flower under mengshan mengshan ceremony held cult, and later, people built a temple here, core value, called the temple, this is li daoyuan in "water the note said" temple ".

Starting from the flower drum, through a thick woods, walking about in the second, there is a river, river on the broken bridge, the bridge stele engraved with "meet fairy bridge" three characters, legend spark long emperor boarded the turtle mengding is across the bridge.

From meet fairy bridge uplink three mile to peach blossom valley. Legend of the warring states period of military strategist sun bin is studied with written here, guiguzi see sun bin honest people, a safe, ever let him watch here taoyuan. Through the peach blossom valley, the red door, into the palace. Here from xiangyang, quiet and refined. Stepping stone steps, step on the platform, the platform have palace temple. More and go up out of the palace, to the mountain steep, step three asthma, name Ma Ling back, because no matter how the lithe horse, here also have to go back. Boarding Ma Ling line not far, then listen to wind roar, song tao, I saw a piece of black stones, in front of the teeth were bared like a monster is blocking the way, this is the famous HeiFengKou.

Ya in HeiFengKou north, can be seen through a mountain and clear the unfathomable deep valleys below. After small throttle up, wind pass, such as the door at the foot of the trail was completely hide among the greenness of weeds. Out of weeds, ten took out of the complex terrain, is suddenly enlightened the worse it is around the corner. The worse the nine dragon temple, guanyin hall, above is a five room stone temple, the stone walls, pillars, Shi Liang, purlin, the roof is SLATE paved.

3.孟良崮旅游区导游词

旅行社2017导游工作计划范文

导游培训对于旅行社来说至关重要，因为他关系着旅行社的业绩。所以一年一度的导游工作计划也就显得很重要！下面我们一起来看一下旅行社2017导游工作计划吧。

2017年，是我社发展的关键一年，学习的氛围会更加浓厚，导游员总体水准和综合素养将进一步提升，因而，我们要以人为本，乘势而上，以公司“勤廉、务实、创新、高效”的企业文化精神为原动力，在平凡的岗位上不做不平凡的业绩。根据上级工作部署，并结合我部实际，特制定以下方案，作为我部2017年度的总体发展规划。

一、工作思路及目标

以深入学习贯彻党的十八大重要精神为契机，以集团公司“勤廉、务实、创新、高效”的企业文化精神为原动力，不断与时俱进，不断求学上进，以崭新的风貌争当环太湖旅游业的时代标兵。

二、工作措施

(1)第一季度

将队伍打造成团结互助、好学上进的优秀团体，荣辱与共，合作共赢。

① 要培养部门成员的集体荣誉感和使命责任感;

② 要营造平台，提供成员间职业技能互帮互助的再提升;

③ 精锐队伍，力争将我部打造成一支“召之即来，来之能战”的精英团队。

(2)第二季度

提升导游员的业务水准和职业技能，争取以点带面，向个人带动集体的趋势发展。

① 集体创作高质量的比赛用词，充分挖掘景区景点的文化内涵;

② 分工创作适合实地讲解的专业导游词，让成员在创作中不断深入研究，争做文化的守望者;

③ 鼓励成员参加各类活动，提高个人素养的同时，朝着精细化的酒店服务理念方向发展。

(3)第三季度

有效利用自身条件，争取为游客中心创造经济效益。

① 通过宣传或推介，把吴中太湖介绍给更多的游客，争取散客与团队共同成为接待主体;

② 争创优秀服务窗口，争做文明标兵，以此吸引回头客;

③ 导游要做好讲解是同时向客人推荐产品，争取让客人把“太湖礼物”带回家。

(4)第四季度

打造导游品牌化，对平日里的管理查漏补缺，再创佳绩。

① 坚决以“耐心、细致、文明、礼貌”的理念服务于客，将“三亮、三比、三评、三争创”活动常态化;

②以实际行动说话，杜绝工作失误，将游客满意度不断提升;

③建立完整的考核机制，平日为主，测评为辅，塑造导游员成为职业道德楷模。

以上是我社导游2017年的大体工作计划，在工作的具体实施中我们将遇到很多的困难，但我们坚信我们会排除万难，尽最大的努力把工作做的最好，也恳请上级部门监督指导!

Good friends! Now, here we are the famous three gorges of Yangtze river, the three gorges between chongqing and hubei province is located in the upper stream of Yangtze river, is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. But the scenery here, the grand risk but do not break elegant beautiful zhuang, is a good place for leisure.

The total length of two hundred km, everybody look at both sides is the continuous mountains, mountain without any gap, like a green dragon. Here the mountain towering, canopy, lock the sky became a tape. But for now is noon, even the sun was visible!

Of the three gorges project is a "scene". All the year round, the place has a vastly different beauty waiting for you to enjoy. In the summer, and the waters prevailed here, fast-flowing, is a bold and unrestrained beauty. But for safety reasons, or be a little careful. Autumn, is a kind of sad beauty, each with a frost in the morning, have an ape that has turned the noise, real tear-jerker.

If you are a like quiet beauty, really come to the right time! Spring day like today, showed the quiet beauty of the three gorges. Here is like snow jet and green deep pools, the cyclotron to west also reflected the shadow of everything in the world, visitors can explore in turn head to see, here, it has reflected the sun! On you on both sides of the mountain, with a lot of strange pine, interesting. Now, in front of us is on both sides of the waterfall. This water torrents agitation is cultured and shoot the aesthetic feeling, well, as the ship, we enjoy clear water show, the beauty of the mountain grass sheng!

Happy time always passed quickly, we are thats the end of the trip. May this trip to the three gorges can leave a good memories in your heart, goodbye!

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

灵渠位于桂林北部57公里处的“中国十大魅力古镇”——兴安县境内，全长37.4公里，建成于秦始皇33年(公元前220xx年)，是现存世界上最完整的古代水利工程，最古老的运河之一，与四川都江堰、陕西郑国渠齐名。当代著名学者郭沫若先生称之为“与长城南北相呼应，同为世界之奇观。”

灵渠由铧嘴、大小天平、南渠、北渠、泄水天平和陡门组成，设计科学，建筑精巧，铧嘴将湘江水三七分流，其中三分水向南流入漓江，七分水向北汇入湘江，沟通了长江、珠江两大水系，成为秦代以来中原与岭南的交通枢纽，为秦始皇统一中国起了重要作用。

灵渠两岸风景优美，文物古迹众多，尤其是水街的亭台楼榭、小桥流水、市井风情都鲜活地再现着千年历史文化，灵渠水街景区现已成为桂林著名的旅游胜地，是大桂林旅游圈中一颗璀璨的明珠。

旅行社计调工作,如果是地接社的计调,非常简单。只要熟悉本地或周边的旅游景点门票、住宿、饭店、交通和游玩时间掌握之后,就可以安排团队的游程和计划了。最难的是组团社的计调,不仅要熟悉地接业务,还更应熟悉组团的团队业务,计调地工作包括内容的非常多,最常规的要掌握全国各地的旅游景点情况、游程和线路、交通方式、联系宾馆饭店、选择可靠可信的地接旅行社,特别要注意的是,必须保证团队的安全旅行。总的说来,计调地工作内容包括了六大要素,即:食、宿、行、游、购、娱。食,是指安排游客吃饭;宿,是指安排游客住宿;行,是指安排团队的大交通和小交通;游,是指安排旅游景点;购,是指安排游客。

我是一名计调员,在旅行社已有3个月的试用期了,现在要。

把你看到你想到的写出来就是了。你的去留是根据三个月表现而定,不是一张总结。别怕。

1接待地合作渠道信息统计一条完美旅游线路计划的制定,是需要结合整体旅游行业走势、接待地即时行情以及政策性干扰等多方面的因素审酌而成的。其目标是将线路价格成本降低,将线路服务质量提高。以价格及服务,来创造公司整体收益的最大化。因此这就要求我们计调人员除了掌握正常作业的常规手段外,还要不断学习、钻研,及时掌握不断变化的新动态、新信息、以提高作业水平。具体的如要掌握宾馆饭店上下浮动的价位;海陆空价格的调整,航班的变化;本地新景点,新线路的情况,不能单纯靠"听人家说"、也不能只靠“打电话问”,要争取尽量做到注重实地考察,只有掌握详细、准确的一手材料。才能沉着应战,对答。

第三天，由C同学负责，该同学凭着对湛江第一村——包宅村的深入的了解，以精彩的语言把景点讲得就像自己的家一样，相信评委们还是很满意的。

加强岗位操作人员的基本技能训练。在采油工、热注运行工、集输工、维修电工等主力工种中，实施了“蓝领技能素质提升工程”，使培训工作与选拔拔尖人才相结合，与提高岗位操作能力相结合，与技能鉴定相结合，切实提高岗位操作人员的技能水平，形成“以点带线，以线带面”的培训格局。

今年的导游培训课可以说是让我学到和看到了别人的光环还有光环背后的辛苦，我深深的知道，做我们这个行业的，起早贪黑，有的时候甚至连个可口的饭菜都吃不上，还要带着客人游山玩水的心情，都说付出和收入是成正比的，但是在我们这个旅游的潜规则的带领下，哪里公平?没有稳定的收入，没有固定的工作，没有保障，那一天出了任何事故都找不到人给你赔偿，但是因为个人喜欢这个职业，也热爱这个工作，一直坚持到现在，也是今年才找到组织，希望在明年会有好的发展吧!

特级教师李日芳教师用他那诗一般的语言告诉我们课堂是生活的地方，教育是无痕的，课堂是多情的时空，教师要与课程真心相爱，品德学科应该每一节课都在创造生活，要以儿童为中心设计有效的教学活动，教学环节要深入人心，不做过眼云烟。

2：服务工作要热心，细心：特别是旺季，一定要提醒旅游注意事项，方可做到防患于未然，有时一句话就能带来意想不到的效果，如旅游安全问题，游览注意要守时等等，主要防止问题出现的时候游客产生情绪上的不满。导游若在事先有个铺垫，效果就会好很多。

说说我的带团经历吧!说实话，没啥值得炫耀的经验，只能说是一种互相学习吧!从20__年拿上导游证的这一刻，我觉得自己是个导游工作者，我可以去很多自己没有去过的城市玩，可以免费进入各个景区，自己真的高兴的不得了，但是刚拿上导游证，没有一家旅行社肯聘你去他们那里工作，当时心情直接跌到谷底，经过一个多月，同学之前有比我更早进入旅行社工作，我便找到一份工作，但是这份工作我只做了一个月，因为我没有记住他们单位的电话号码，也更别说带团了。

第三份工作，那就是进入国旅的那一年，对我的培养和锻炼，让我正式加入了宁夏地接导游的队伍，我也认识了比我年长一些的导游前辈，我很荣幸，社里一系列的培训，让我很快的成长，我也开始从3个人的散客然后30人的专列带起，我发现自己的知识实在是太少了，有的时候客人问到的问题真的是回答不上来，我走到哪都会买一些书回来给自己补充知识，经过了几年的历练，我开始赚钱了，觉得这个工作还是很不错的，便一如既往的向前走。

我知道自己必须充实自己，多学习，才能够很快进入到这个行业，第二个工作单位，我去了之后只是让我看资料啊，学习，也没有让我带团，我觉得自己很没用，正好赶上旅游旺季到来，导游全部都出外带团了，社里让我带团，去的第一个地方是六盘山，是要我把团带到固原和那边的导游交接工作，呵呵，真的很生气，我觉得自己完全可以全部带完，然而单位出于团队质量的问题，毅然要求我帮那个导游把她带的客人接回来，这就是我开始了导游生涯的第一个团队，客人都很好，我上车虽然很紧张，但是大家互动唱歌以后就缓解了那种紧张的空气，也锻炼了我的胆量，虽然没有完整的带完这个团队，我其实还是很感谢旅行社的领导，让我出团了，但是这份工作工资收入太低，我没坚持很久就不干了。

我觉得作为一名导游员应该有很强烈得责任感，如果连最基本的责任感都没有，你根本上不了团。记得第一次带团得时候，我是怀着很紧张很兴奋得心去接的团，刚开始在讲解方面都还可以，也蛮顺利的。后来却在分房卡得时候出现了问题。本来就是散拼团，客人都不认识，男士又比较多，分到最后就只剩一间房，但是还有一男一女没分到。当时这2位客人就有意见了，觉得对他们不重视。后来在没办法的情况下，找到酒店的负责人重新换了一下房间。这是带团过程中遇见的很小的事，但我觉得这也是在挑战我的责任心。

作为一名导游，在带团过程中不仅仅是一名讲解员，还是一个"大保姆"。客人事无巨细可能都需要导游为其操心，对于客人，面对的是一个无从下手陌生的环境，因此导游如果缺乏日常生活中的基础。团队随时可能出现不可预料的问题，导游具有相应的知识，就可在第一时间将损失减少至最低，为游客为公司争取到最大的利益。如果一个专业的导游，连客人提的最基本的问题都回答不出的话，那么我觉得会很失败。记得有次带团去武汉，途径岳阳楼，当时有个客人就问我，他说;导游既然你是岳阳人应该对岳阳楼有一定的了解吧，那请你说说岳阳楼的前身是什么?当时我脸就红了，但是我还是很坚定的回答了他的问题，阅军楼就是岳阳楼的前身。虽然我是岳阳的，可岳阳楼我没去过。所以对岳阳楼不怎么熟悉。由于知道带团去武汉，会经过岳阳楼，所以在上团之前还是了解了岳阳楼一些最基本的常识。所以说，具备相应的旅游专业文化知识是我们导游员最基本的服务，这样客人才会更相信你游览也会更顺利。

Everybody is good! My name is wang, can call me the king tour guide. Today we are going to swim the Palace Museum, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1987.

Look! In front of us now is the Palace Museum. It is also called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, is the worlds largest and most complete existing ancient wooden buildings. It is Ming yongle built four years (AD 1406), 14 years to complete, covers an area of 720xx0 square meters. There are 9999 palace. A total of 24 emperors successively in this reign.

Now we three buildings in the Forbidden City is the most attractive, the solar temple, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are all yellow glass roof and green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting. Tell you a recent discoveries: all of the imperial palace palace is arranged by along a north-south axis, and to expand on both sides, north and south straightening, left and right sides is symmetrical. The central axis not only within the imperial palace, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the bell tower, drum tower, throughout the entire city, verve, magnificent plan is rigorous, very spectacular. Inside the palace is now about one million items of precious historical relics and art collection. And, more importantly, the imperial palace construction according to the layout of function is divided into the outer court and the imperial palace, the outer court and the imperial palace by a gate of heavenly purity, dry outside the south gate of dynasty qing, north of the imperial palace. The outer court in taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace three main halls as the center, in addition the two wings with mandarin house, therefore the court, south three, hall of martial valor, office buildings, etc. Im afraid you will ask, and the imperial palace? Dont worry, stay will say to the imperial palace area.

Ok, we can say now. Because we came to the center of the imperial palace, after three palace, the palace of heavenly purity, alternating between tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility. Imperial palace flanks are yangxin temple, east sixth, west sixth palace, the hall of abstinence, min city palace. Although they like in front of the three main halls (yellow glass roof and green white stone base), but the internal structure of the east to the table, tea table, west cultural relics for the chair. Three palace, the imperial and creature door, after the creature door to the north gate, east gate DongHuaMen, Simon called xihua gate, main entrance is the meridian gate.

Okay, now into the free browsing time, time for three hours, please pay attention to the points:

1. Not call, do not run, do not disorderly touch, do not tamper with, do not litter;

2. Keep quiet;

3. Now back to the location of the set on time.

How time flies, suddenly the say goodbye. The tourists, goodbye! Hope the next time you come to Beijing to visit the Forbidden City!

2018年导游实习报告

一、实习目的:

(1)通过实习让我们熟练掌握导游服务的具体工作程序,如服务程序、服务流程、服务标准、服务技能;

(2)根据已学的知识,学会设计旅游路线;

(3)练习导游词的写作方法;

(4)进行实地导游模拟实践,掌握导游讲解的基本要求、基本技巧、常用的讲解方法、副语言的使用等技能;

(5)理论与实践有机结合,更好的巩固所学的内容。

二、实习时间:

xx年3月31日—4月11日

三、实习地点:

焦作市影视城

四、影视城所在地简介:

影视城所在地是焦作市,焦作市位于河南省西北部,北依太行,南临黄河,现辖4县2市5区,辖区面积4071平方公里,总人口330万人,城市人口72万人,是一座新兴的旅游城市。

焦作市的山水风光秀美壮丽、如诗如画。太行山层峦叠嶂,母亲河源远流长,大山大河造化了焦作山水之大气,成就了焦作旅游之大势。最能体现焦作“山水”旅游特色的南太行五大着名景区中,云台山国家风景名胜区以山称奇,以水叫绝。青天河省级风景名胜区秀比江南,被誉为“北方小三峡”。神农山风景奇、绝、雄、险,被誉为“太行精粹”。青龙峡风景区是河南省唯一的峡谷型省级风景名胜区,享有“中原第一峡谷”的美誉。

焦作的人文景观星光灿烂,多姿多彩。焦作古为怀庆府所在地,是中华民族的发祥地之一,有着深厚的历史文化底蕴和丰富的文化内涵。女娲补天,黄帝祈天、神农尝百草等美丽传说源于此地;韩愈、李商隐、司马懿、许衡、朱载土育等历史名人诞生在这里;武王伐纣遗址、山阳城遗址、古羊肠坂道(曹操北上壶关讨伐高干曾路经此地,写下名篇《苦寒行》)、汉献帝陵、竹林七贤遗址等古迹犹存。

焦作温县陈家沟为中华太极拳发祥地,是中外太极拳爱好者向往的太极圣地,全国有代表性的杨、武、吴、孙等诸多太极拳流派皆源于此。太极拳历经300多年的沧桑变幻,目前已成为人类共同参与的、人数最多的世界第一武术运动,堪称中华民族武术奇葩和世界文化瑰宝。这里还有中央电视台外景拍摄基地――焦作影视城、现代高科技水上乐园――龙源湖乐园、城市森林动物园等旅游项目。

焦作是河南省交通发达地区之一,焦新、焦枝、焦太铁路穿境而过,东接京广,南连陇海,北至太原;焦郑、焦晋高速公路和焦作黄河公路大桥与国道融会贯通,与地方路网纵横交错,与省会郑州、中岳嵩山、古都开封、洛阳、山西晋城之间的行程均在一百公里以内。焦作旅游接待设施完备,服务上乘,现有涉外星级宾馆15家,旅行社33家,旅游汽车公司4家,旅游从业人员3万人,已推出的焦作山水风光游、历史文化游、休闲娱乐游等精品线路,深受游客青睐。

五、导游词

游客朋友们:

大家好,首先欢迎各位来到影视城参观游览。我是你们的导游员,大家可以叫我小吴,在接下来将由我为大家服务。在此,预祝各位可以在影视城玩得的开心。

在进影视城前,我来给大家简要的介绍一下影视城。中国十大影视城——焦作影视城、是中原地区唯一着名的影视基地,为焦作市十大景点之首。占地面积2.5平方公里,建筑面积40万平方米,是以春秋战国、秦汉、三国时期文化为背景的仿古建筑群。宏大的基地规模以及丰富的拍摄场景,吸引了国内影视导演们纷纷率剧组前来焦作影视城取景拍戏。自建成以来,迄今为止已接待了《东周列国》、《屈原》、《洛神》、《秦始皇》、《卧薪尝胆》、《马鸣风萧萧》等国内外近百部影视剧的。

好啦请大家跟我进来吧。

游客朋友们,在正式的参观游览前,大家先跟我来看看旁边这个导游图。我给大实简单的讲一下我们今天参观影视城的路线。大家可以看到,影视城分为六大区,有我们现在所在的文化广场、周王宫、市井一条街、琵琶湖、楚王宫和圣佛寺。那么,我们首先从这里,文化广场出发,再到我们正对着的周王宫,在周王宫看一场表演,从周王宫的后门出去就向市井一条街前进,穿过市井一条街后到达的就是楚王宫,参观完楚王宫后,我就让大家自由活动,活动期间,大家如果不累的话呢,还可以自己去参观一下圣佛寺。在参观的过程中,请大家认真的听我的讲解,这里面可是有很多有趣的故事哦,同时希望大家爱护这里的一草一物。

请大家环顾一下四周,这里就是文化广场区,这时是影视城在二期工程主要部分,它包括三皇像、六哲人、四神兽、司母戊大方鼎、仿古舞台、古钱币状大门、大型浮雕等雕塑和建筑。

大家来看,这个仿古,它是影视文化活动的主要场所,每年的黄金周、春节以及重大节日,这里都有丰富多彩的大型文艺表演。去年着名相声演员冯巩、李金斗就在这里做过精彩的表演。

请大家抬起头来看看这舞台上面有个大鼎。大家知道它叫什么吗?对了,这就是世界上最大的青铜器——司母戊鼎。不过,我们眼前这个鼎是仿造的。我来给大家讲讲有关这个大鼎的来历吧。司母戊鼎是中国商代后期王室祭祀用的青铜方鼎,1939年3月19日在河南省安阳市出土,因它的腹部着有“司母戊”三字而得名,现藏中国国家博物馆。司母戊鼎器型高大厚重,又称司母戊大方鼎,高133厘米、口长110厘米、口宽79厘米、重832.84千克,鼎腹成长方形,上竖两只直耳,不过发现时仅剩一耳,另一耳是后来据另一耳复制补上的,下有四根圆柱形鼎足,是中国目前已发现的最重的青铜器。该鼎是商王祖庚或祖甲为祭祀他的母亲所铸造的。

大家听说过问鼎中原的故事吗?早在东周时期,周天子的中央政权日益衰落,各诸侯国纷纷觊觎王权,位于南方的楚国更是野心勃勃,一次楚庄王正在会见周朝使者王孙满时,故意问:“你可知道周朝九鼎的大小和重量?”表明他藐视王权,意欲夺权的野心,后来楚庄王成了“春秋五霸”之一。

请大家转过头来,顺眼看去,有一座三人雕像,这就是三皇像,他们分别是黄帝、炎帝和伏羲,传说中黄帝与炎帝是同父异母的兄弟,分管两大部落,黄帝征服了炎帝统一了华夏,被尊为中华民族的始祖。伏羲最早教人结网捕鱼、驯养牲畜,制定了婚嫁制度,创造了人类文明。伏羲还是创世之神,相传远古时期人类遭遇洪水而灭绝,只剩下伏羲与女娲兄妹二人,二人不得不成婚繁衍人类,因此,伏羲是中华民族的人文始祖,我们大家共同的老祖宗啊!

请大家跟我从这边去,大家看到了,沿着这条路前行,展现在我们右手边的是四只神兽,大家知道它们分别是什么吗?不知道也不要焦急哦,我来给大家说说吧。它们呢,由近及远会别是朱雀神、白虎神、青龙神、玄武神,是我国传说中令妖邪胆战心惊且法力无边的四方之神,分别镇守南、西、东、北四个方位,维护着四方平安的。

顺着这个楼梯往上走,大家来看看前面这六尊石雕像,大家可以看出来他们是谁吗?他们就是中国古时候的六位哲人,,从右向左分别是孔子、孟子、孙子、张衡和韩非子。孔子,大家读书以来应该学过他不少的文章了吧,他是伟大的思想家,教育家,创立了儒家学说。孟子是儒家学派的代表人物,他的学说与孔子学说合称“孔孟之道”。是中国道家学说的创始人,主张“无为而治”,在神话传说中就是天上的太上老君。孙子是春秋时期着名军事家,大家知道他的名着叫什么吗?对了很聪明,就是《孙子兵法》,这是世界上最早的兵书,所以也叫做兵家鼻祖。张衡,大家应该很熟悉了,他是东汉时期的着名科学家,也是世界科学的先驱,由于在天文学上的巨大贡献,被世界公认为“东方的哥白尼”,他发明的地动仪、浑天仪到今仍能发挥它的测量作用。那么最后一个韩非子则是中国古代法家学派的创始人,他的思想为历代封建君主所用的。好了,我们马上就要参观周王宫了,在参观前,让我们先在这个放映厅观看一场表演。

接下来我们前往的是周王宫区,这个区包括四不像雕塑、仿汉白玉石桥、眼睛湖、周王宫及配殿太学堂、武场以及后面的摄影棚、灵台。大家来看宫门两旁的四不像学名叫狻猊。古代传说中是一威猛的神兽,它是驱邪避灾、吉祥如意、国泰民安的象征。下边墩台上分别刻着三个图案,依次是狮头、凤凰、牡丹,分别代表着兽中之王,鸟中之五和花中之王,又叫三王狮,寓意宫殿主人的王者之风。三座仿汉白玉桥,分别皇帝、文武官员通过的桥,自古君臣不同道,中间宽的是皇帝走的,按照文东、武西的说法,文官走东边,武官走西边。桥下的眼睛湖酷似两只睁大的、清如明镜的眼睛,故又叫天眼,传说凡心术不正的人从桥上走过,心怀的任何鬼胎都会被天眼识破,所以古时上朝的文武百官过此桥时总是心惊胆战,诚惶诚恐。

周王宫依山而建,巍峨高大,象征着帝王藐视天下,至高无上的尊重身份,在结构上采用四方柱挑梁,金字塔型屋顶,古代建筑上叫“直坡四阿顶”是古代建筑中最高级别的式样,展示出当时周王朝作为泱泱大国雄居中原的王者风范。周王宫东配殿太学堂是古代皇族子弟学习的场所,从内部摆设上充满了书香气。西配殿武场和太学堂对应,是皇族子弟习武的场所,同时也是周天子和文武大臣观看皇族子弟练武和选拔武将良才的地方。周王宫的城墙采用烽火台的式样建造,表示警示后世帝王牢记周幽王宠褒姒骊山烽火戏诸侯,导致亡国的故事。周王宫正殿为周天子上朝和处理政务之处,东偏殿为周天子宴请文武百官及各国使者之处,西偏殿为周天子寝宫。周王宫在影视拍摄中曾多次作为帝王寝宫、王后及嫔妃寝宫和将相府。

摄影棚作为周王宫后宫,是历代周天子嫔妃居住的宫殿,内有配套的演员化装间、休息间及服装间、道具间等,是影视剧组拍摄的理想场所。旁边的古井曾是战国时吴国王后妹姒和一个宫女殉命之处,充满了悲情。

灵台,是古代帝王祭天、诸侯会盟的重要场所,帝王每逢重大节日都要到这里祭天封禅,以求上天赐福禳灾。传说灵台是通天的梯子,天人沟通的桥梁。上面刻有太极图,体现了“太极生两仪,环环相生”无穷变化,衍生成物的思想。

周王宫不但是影视拍摄中功能齐全的场所,也是许多历史知识、历史故事凝聚的地方。

好啦,我们已经来到了市井街,市井街是我国目前唯一的一条先秦仿古一条街,那高高在上的禹王庙大门意味着王公大臣在门前可以充分体验到“一人之下,万人之上”的尊贵感觉。市井街、茅屋顶、黄泥墙、乱石铺路的建筑形式,会让人清楚地目睹当时生活在社会最低层的平民百姓的状况,从街两旁林立的店铺、六易场所可以看到先秦时期商贸市场已具规模。

这里的驿站、酒馆、作坊、当铺以及供留宿人员使用的马厩等显现出现代城市的雏形,浓缩了先秦时期政治、经济上层建筑和经济基础等整个社会的文化。站在市井街,很有置身于先秦时代平民百姓之中的感觉,可以看到对面将相们盛气凌人的面孔,可以享受到在酒肆中开怀畅饮的休闲,可以感受到在集市上讨价还价的乐趣,同时也存在频繁战争带来的忧虑。

市井街每天表演着《城门立木》《郑人买履》《自相矛盾》《画蛇添足》等历史剧目,还设置有免费讲解、免费供水、免费咨询的第三站服务点是购物最集中的场所,大家要是看中了什么可以买些回去做个纪念的哦。

楚王宫区完全是长江流域风景建筑民风、政治、经济的缩影。那高大宏伟的楚王宫大殿是每个剧组必使用的场景。

大家来看看这个凤鸟图、凤鸟雕塑代表楚国的图腾,从中可以引出一段“一鸣惊人”的故事。凤鸟虽属虚构,但百姓非常崇拜,便把凤鸟作为楚国图腾。

宾馆迎面正厅是《卧薪偿胆》留下的铸器局,是越国打造器具的地方,其中有十三颗越国士兵的青铜头颅,引人注目,它包含着吴越之战中一个惊心动魄的故事。当时吴强越弱,兵力悬殊,征战中越军不得不节节败退,险境中范蠡献计,将越国狱中死囚放出,编成三组敢死队,并允诺免去罪行,重金抚恤家属。

结果三组犯人迎战中分三队,依次阵前拔刀自刎,其悲壮气势吴军胆战心惊,越军趁势进攻,败吴取胜,吴王阖闾重伤身亡,这就是中国军事史上着名的以少胜多的“榫李之战”。战役结束打扫战场时,越军发现有十三名士兵的头颅不见了,于勾践令人打造了这十三颗青铜头颅与其身体一起安葬。

勾践石屋形象逼真,会使人联想到越王勾践卧薪尝胆的传说,据传,勾践被吴军打败为奴后,在一山洞内,雪为奴之耻,报亡国之仇,卧薪尝胆,励精图治。三年后,终灭吴国,完成大业。

好啦,我周王宫,市井街和楚王宫我们都参观过,意味着影视城的讲解就要接近尾声了。在这个过程中,不知道大家都有所收获了没有呢?对那个时候的一些历史是不是了解得了呢?接下来的时间给大家自由活动,还有一个圣佛寺没有去参观的,如果大家还不累而且又对它有兴趣的话不妨前去看看。刚才的地方如果大家觉得看得还不够仔细的也可以再去看看,去拍些漂亮的照片回去做纪念。

很感谢大家对我工作的支持和配合,希望大家在这个参观的过程中收获到了你们想要的东西。

六、实习总结及体会

(一)实习总结

实习期间的不足:

1、实习的时间安排是两周,可是正真让我们用到实习上来的时间就只有两三天,所以,我们学到的东西并没有能够有机会充分的用到实践中去。

2、实习的内实有点单一,有的还有点形式化,所以我觉得我们真正从中学到的东西也不够多。

实习期间值得肯定的:

1、老师们还很尊重我们的选择,还是让我们选择自己想去的实习地点,同时对我们也很认真负责。

2、同学们对实习的态度还比较认真,这个短暂的实习过程中,我们还是学到不少从课堂上没有学到的东西。

(二)实习体会

1、当一个合格的导游要有强烈的责任感和服务热情。导游工作是一项脑体高度结合的服务工作,态度决定行动,拥有强烈的责任心,才会在实际工作中投入满腔的工作热情,为客人提供高质量的服务。

2、要有广博文化知识面.导游接触的游客中,各种社会背景、文化层次不尽相同,导游就应该做一个杂家“,上知天文下知地理,这样在进行讲解中,就可运用所掌握的知识和智慧来应对。

3、具有组织协调应变能力。导游的服务对象是不断变化的复杂群体,同时导游工作还离不开旅游接待服务中气体相关部门的配合和支持任何一个环节出现偏差,都会令导游服务黯然失色,因此要头脑清晰,有交情组织协调应变能力,保证游客的旅游活动顺利进行。

4、要有自信。面对初来乍到的游客,导游所表现出来的对旅游活动早有安排,对自己能胜任本次导游工作的信心,会是他们产生心理安全感的重要来源。

5、语言清晰准确,讲解生动活泼。给游客讲解就是要像在和朋友聊天。你把游客看作朋友眉飞色舞地给讲游客不知道的事情,才能抓住他们的注意力。

6、实践让我认识到,做导游的学问真的很大,很深,不是随随便便就可能学的来,像如何安排路线,如何应对突发事件,如何与游客进行沟通等等。所以,要当好一个导游的确很不容易,而好的导游服务对游客来说又的确是一种享受。

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing.Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors canenjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperialpalace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancientbuildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scalecomprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongleemperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruledthe country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, whatkill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, wecan see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can seethe Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the placewhere the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenlypurity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthlytranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, totake these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the gardenscenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across thesestones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to theForbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to giveup?

结婚誓词：教堂婚礼英文主持词

Minister:

We are gathered here today to witness the coming together of two people, ____________ and ____________, whose hearts and spirits are entwined as one. They now desire to profess before all the world their intention henceforth to walk the road of life together.

To these two young people, this marriage signifies the birth of a new spirit, a spirit which is a part of each of us, yet not of any one of us alone. This "birth of spirit" reminds us of spring, the season when all life is reborn and looms again. It is appropriate, therefore, that this wedding of ____________ and ____________ be in the spring, and that it be under the open sky, where we are close to the earth and to the unity of life, the totality of living things of which we are part.

The beliefs and thoughts about love which motivate these two people are perhaps best expressed in the words of poet Kahlil Gibran:

"You were born to be together, and together you shall be forevermore.

You shall be together when the wings of death scatter your days.

Ay, you shall be together even in your silent memory.

But let there be spaces in your togetherness,

And let the winds of the heaven dance between you.

Love one another, but make not a bondage of love.

Let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls.

Fill each others cup, but drink not from one cup.

Give one another of your bread, but eat not of the same loaf.

Sing and dance together and be joyous, but let each of you be alone,

Even as the strings of a lute are alone, though they quiver with the same music.

Give your hearts, but not into each others keeping,

For only the hand of life can contain your hearts.

And stand together, yet not too near together,

For the pillars of the temple stand apart,

And the oak tree and the cypress grow not in shadow."

Minister to Bride:

Do you ____________, knowing this mans love for you and returning it, realizing his strengths and learning from them, recognizing his weaknesses and helping him to overcome them, take ____________ to be your lawfully wedded husband?

Bride:

I do.

Minister:

Place the ring on his finger.

Minister to Groom:

Do you ____________, knowing this womans love for you and returning it, realizing her strengths and learning form them, recognizing her weaknesses and helping her to overcome them, take ____________ to be your lawfully wedded wife?

Groom:

I do.

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Shiyan is located in the middle and low mountain area at the north foot ofWudang Mountain and the South Bank of Hanjiang River. It has a north subtropicalmonsoon climate with an average temperature of 15.2 ℃ and an average annualrainfall of 828 mm. Shiyan is an important automobile production and scientificresearch base in China, and an important economic, political, cultural andtechnological center in Northwest China. The total area is 1190 squarekilometers, and the urban area is 203 square kilometers. The total population is406900, and the urban population is 293300. It is an open city on the border ofHubei, Henan, Sichuan and Shaanxi.

From the Shang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Shiyan was under thejurisdiction of Yunxian County, Yunyang Prefecture. In the middle of the QingDynasty, people here built dams on the Baier River and the Zhihe Riversuccessively to store water and irrigate farmland. The dams were called Shiyan.There were ten dams built on the two rivers, so it was named Shiyan.

Shiyan is one of the tourism center cities in Northwest Hubei. In the East,there is Wudang Mountain, which is famous for its "Xianshan qiongge"; in thesouth, there is Shennongjia, a mysterious natural animal and botanical garden;in the west, there is the site of the great wall of Chu in Zhuxi County; in thenorth, there is the vast Hanjiang River. In the city, there are Saiwudang naturereserve, which is dominated by forest, cloud, peak and waterfall. There arefamous religious temples such as Baima temple, Huilong Temple and mosque.

Shiyan is a famous automobile city at home and abroad. Dongfeng MotorCompany, one of the worlds three largest truck factories, and Dongfeng TireFactory, one of Chinas four largest tire factories, are all built here."Automobile industry development and opening experimental zone" is open to theworld. Now we have established friendly relations with Nantong and chiricosui.Shiyan automobile industry as the main body, rubber, textile, electronics, foodand other industries also develop.

Shiyan is a unique "hundred Li Garden City". Surrounded by green mountains,fresh air, convenient transportation, clean city appearance, stable order,civilized atmosphere, spacious and comfortable housing. With the rapiddevelopment of culture, education, health and sports, cultural and recreationalfacilities are scattered all over the world.

Fellow tourists, now our automobile is going on the Badaling highway,must enter the Badaling scenic area immediately which soon visits.Front that mountain is the Jundu, the Badaling Great Wall occupies onthis mountain. In the Spring and Autumn Period Warring States time,our country ancient times the people on already started to constructthe Great Wall, at that time the feudal lord strove for hegemony, inorder to protect own territory not to encroach, therefore hasconstructed the Great Wall in abundance in respective boundary, wascalled mutually guards against the Great Wall.

But our country once appeared three to construct the Great Wall thepeak, respectively was the Qin Great Wall, the Chinese Great Wall,bright Great Wall. Chin Shihhuang in 221 B.C. unified area south ofYellow River, has established the Qin dynasty, in order to strengthenthe rule north, defends nomads invasion, therefore will send thesenior general to hoodwink 恬 300,000 armies and very many laborforces the original north swallow, Zhao, the Qin Great Wall haslinked, and performed to expand, the lasted 9 years constructed westnear 洮 east to be continuous Wan Li to Liaodong the Great Wall, thisalso will be in the Chinese history the together Great Wall. To theHan Dynasty, Martial emperor of Han dynasty also was for strengthenthe defense, "was not called Hu Madu the Yin", has constructed anearly 20,000 mile Great Wall, simultaneously this also has protectedthe new development Silk Road, the Chinese Great Wall is the Qin GreatWall together the front position and the defense line, west itXinjiang, east arrived Liaodong, was in the Chinese history constructsthe Great Wall longest dynasty. But the bright Great Wall is in theChinese history constructs the Great Wall the high point, the projectis big, essence of the technical is unique.

Same year Zhu Yuanzhangestablished Ming Dynasty in the unification nation in the process, hasaccepted "Gao Zhuqiang, Guang Jiliang, slow name king" suggestion. Atthat time Yuan Dynasty although already perished, but also ismaintaining the quite complete military power, in addition graduallyrises Nuzhen races unceasing invasion, therefore starts to constructthe Great Wall. The Ming Dynasty large-scale constructed the GreatWall to achieve 18 were next many, only then basically has last yearsfinished to the Ming Dynasty, east nearby Liaoning Dandong YaluRivers Hushan, west to Gansu Jiayuguans bright Great Wall span 6,350kilometers. The bright Great Wall has three characteristics, buildsthe construction completely, manages the consummation, the layout isstrict. But we saw today the Badaling Great Wall is a bright GreatWalls part. But Great Wall in our country ancient times mostprimitive goal although is the defense, but at the same time it alsoplayed other roles. First is the military function, the second pieceis the economical function, it not only promoted the development andthe northern border economy development which opens up wasteland,moreover also is the area south of Yellow River common people enjoys agood and prosperous life, third promoted various nationalitiesfusion. In addition, it has also protected the communication andpromoted the to foreign countries opening up.

What is worthmentioning, in our country ancient times, not only only has thesethree time constructs the Great Wall the experience, according to thestatistics, in about in 20xx, successively some more than 20 feudallords country and the feudal dynasty all has constructed the GreatWall, some people have made the sketchy computation, if the Great Wallwill rebuild together the height 5 meters, the depth 1 meter big wall,will many circle the Earth 10 many all to have the wealth. Famousfolklore: The beacon-fire play feudal lord and Meng Jiangnyu cry GreatWall also is occurs in the Great Wall. Now, the Great Wall afterpasses through several time repairs and maintains, basically restoredthe former appearance, is included in 1987 by the United NationsEducational, Scientific and Cultural Organization "World cultureInheritance Name list", moreover it or now in world longest defensivecity wall! Proliferated the our country 16 areas, the span hasachieved 10. 80,000 miles.

We passed through a moment ago the road, took place in Yu Guangou.Guan Gou is the Mt. yanshan sierra and Jundu sierra junction meetingplace, south Changping area Nankouzhen, northwest to Yanqing CountyBadaling Great Walls area just outside the city gate, span 40 miles.Is the area south of Yellow River area leads to northwest plateau thepharynx and larynx important highway. The Ming Dynasty has arrangedfour defense lines in here, respectively is the Nankou pass, occupiesthe commonplace pass, on closes, Badaling. Folds on the green jademountain in Guan Gouzhong, once had Jin Dynasty famous Yanjing one ofeight scenery: Occupies commonplace folds the green jade, what a pitynow the landscape already no longer existed.

We saw a moment ago that railroad was designs the construction by ourChinese the first railroad, designs Peking-Kalgan line by ZhanTianyou. Because Badaling area topography complex, the technicaldifficulty are very many, therefore Zhan Tianyou designs the personfont railroad, the success solved the train not to be able directly toclimb and the curve difficult problem, but made a connection longreaches 1,091 meters tunnels also to sigh the Chinese and foreignpublic figure the clothing. Now the bronze statue which sets up in theblack dragon bridge train station is Zhan Tianyou, but also has themonument.

Closes the ditch because of to occupy the commonplace pass but to befamous, we may see front the grand construction occupies thecommonplace pass, its name origins from the Qin dynasty, to ChinShihhuang moves "the commonplace person" in here to live thereforeacquires fame. In the area inside the great wall, some famous whitemarble Shitai, It is Yuan Dai as soon as has sat the streettower, above originally has three Tibet type pagoda, destroyed in theafterwards earthquake. The Ming Dynasty in the original position ] hasestablished the Taian temple, but has been destroyed in the KangxiDynasty, only leaves behind now us to see the column foundation andlooks the column. Baiyu Shitaithe area has 310 square meter under Ticket Gate onto engrave has the lion, the elephant, the weird creature, relief andso on Jin Chiniao, separately represented the Buddhism Dense Ancestor fivesides five Buddhas place to ride, but also had Tianlongbabu toprotect buddhist law the deity the relief. On the endophragm also hadthe four great heavenly gods relief and the god beastly design, theticket goes against also covers entirely daturas pattern, in theflower has engraved has the image of Buddha, altogether 2,215. Alsosome six kind of languages engrave "tuoluoNepal After Incantation" and "Make TowerMerit To record", these all are Yuan Dai artistic high-quality goods,has the very high artistic value.

The Badaling Great Wall is in the bright Great Walls outstandingrepresentative, because here extends in all directions, thereforebecomes Badaling. Possibly everybody can ask that, why has to speakthe Great Wall to construct in here? Actually this mainly is becauseof the Badaling area important geographical position. It not only isguarding the bright imperial tomb, moreover also is Beijingsnorthwest front door.

The Badaling Great Wall is in the history many significant eventstestimonies, for example the dreary queen mother Patrols Good fortune, Yuan Taizuenters the pass, west Empress Dowager Cixi runs away and so on,Badaling all is after all the road. Speaks of here, but also somestory must say for everybody: Is located closes the east end gateroadside, some megalith, the fable the Eight Power Expeditionary Forceattacked into Beijing in 1900, Cixi runs away in the west on the waypasses through here, once stood in this stone other day looks thenational capital, therefore this stone on is also called looks theBeijing stone. But present this stone already not that highlighted.

Some speech everybody certainly knew that, Not to Great Wall non- realman. Introduced a moment ago that many landscape, you are certainlyanxious want to arrive the scenic area to tour, does not use theworry, you also had to become the real man immediately. Good, here isthe famous Badaling Great Wall distant place is the grand scenery, butdownward looked is the Great Wall important constituent old man city,he generally all constructs on the strategic in position keycommunication line. Between old man city two is distanced 63.9 meters,the west gate inscribed horizontal tablet: Key to defense of thenorth, I already have said in front. The east gate inscribedhorizontal tablet is: Occupies the commonplace outside town, themeaning occupies a commonplace outside the passes strategic place. Nowwe looked to the right release that, is ascending Chengkou the southside to exhibit a cannon, named: Invincible might general. IsChong Zhen Year the manufacture.

The Badaling Great Wall has three two walls compositions, what isthree two walls? Now lets me give everybody to explain, threerespectively are the tower on a city wall, the enemy tower, tower on acity wall structure is extremely simple, only is the officers andsoldiers which guards evades the cold the place. That enemy towerstructure relative wants complex somewhat, divides into two, the lowerlevel is by the field, the well, returns, and so on the glyphcomposes, the upper formation has the crenel and looks the hole isobserves the military situation and the archery uses, therefore herealso has defends enemys function.

Under arrived the beacon tower, also is called the beacon-fire, wolfYantai. Is disagrees the Great Wall connected independentconstruction. Once the enemy Attack, lights the beacon-firenotification military situation, the ancient rewards the smoke whichthe daytime lights to be called Beacon-fire, the evening is called the flint.Ming Dynasty time, but also has made the strict stipulation to thebeacon-fire and enemys relations that, Enemy hundred, burn a smokeartillery; Five Caucasians, burn two smoke two artillery; Abovethousand people, three smoke three artillery; Above 5,000 people, foursmoke four artillery; Above ten thousand people, five smoke fiveartillery. On through this way, in the border pass military situationcan the rapid transmission palace wall imperial palace.

Said three, under on said next two walls. The Great Wall flank tallwall is called 牒 the wall, has the crenel is uses for to defend theenemy. But the inside insufficient meter high is called the daughterwall, also is called the space wall. In most starts the Great Wallinside is does not have the daughter wall, but frequently some peoplecan fall down the cliff, therefore has constructed this wall. Each notfar has a small drainage in the Great Wall lower part of wall place,rainy day time by spits the tap to outside to drain water, in order toavoid the water washes out the city wall. But inside Great Walls walluses the stone block to cast, outside builds the brick, again spreadsout the flagstone in above, thus causes the building to be extremelyreliable!